Search

Inorganic nanomaterials with intrinsic singlet oxygen (1O2) generation capacity, are emerged yet dynamically developing materials as nano‐photosensitizers (NPSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Compared to previously reported nanomaterials that have been used as either carriers to load organic PSs or energy donors to excite the attached organic PSs through a Foster resonance energy transfer process, these NPSs possess intrinsic 1O2 generation capacity with extremely high 1O2 quantum yield (e.g., 1.56, 1.3, 1.26, and 1.09) than any classical organic PS reported to date, and thus are facilitating to make a revolution in PDT. In this review, the recent advances in the development of various inorganic nanomaterials as NPSs, including metal‐based (gold, silver, and tungsten), metal oxide‐based (titanium dioxide, tungsten oxide, and bismuth oxyhalide), metal sulfide‐based (copper and molybdenum sulfide), carbon‐based (graphene, fullerene, and graphitic carbon nitride), phosphorus‐based, and others (hybrids and MXenes‐based NPSs) are summarized, with an emphasis on the design principle and 1O2 generation mechanism, and the photodynamic therapeutic performance against different types of cancers. Finally, the current challenges and an outlook of future research are also discussed. This review may provide a comprehensive account capable of explaining recent progress as well as future research of this emerging paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) caused by mechanical damage or infection increase the risk of infertility in women. Although numerous physical barriers such as balloon or hydrogel are developed for the prevention of IUAs, the therapeutic efficacy is barely satisfactory due to limited endometrial healing, which may lead to recurrence. Herein, a second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) light‐responsive shape memory composite based on the combination of cuprorivaite (CaCuSi4O10) nanosheets (CUP NSs) as photothermal conversion agents and polymer poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐trimethylene carbonate) (PT) as shape memory building blocks is developed. The as‐prepared CUP/PT composite possesses excellent shape memory performance under NIR‐II light, and the improved operational feasibility as an antiadhesion barrier for the treatment of IUAs. Moreover, the released ions (Cu, Si) can stimulate the endometrial regeneration due to the angiogenic bioactivity. This study provides a new strategy to prevent IUA and restore the injured endometrium relied on shape memory composite with enhanced tissues reconstruction ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A facile strategy was developed for shape memory composite (SMC). • CaSiCu 4 O 10 (CUP) nanosheets exhibited good NIR-II photothermal activity. • SMC with CUP offered remote actuation and enhanced tissue reconstruction. • The release of Cu2+ and SiO 4 4- ions from CUP could accelerate wound healing. Near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive shape-memory composites have shown great potential in various biomedical applications due to their amazing remote actuation property. However, most of them are bioinert and restricted in NIR-I biological window. Here, we developed a new biodegradable NIR-II-responsive shape memory composite by the incorporation of CaSiCu 4 O 10 nanosheets (CUP NSs) into shape memory polymer of poly (D, L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PDLLA-co-TMC, denoted as PT). The as-prepared CUP/PT composites possessed outstanding shape memory performance upon low power NIR-II laser irradiation (1064 nm, 0.4 W·cm−2), offering the possibility of deep-tissue applications. Moreover, due to the sustained release of bioactive Cu2+ and SiO 4 4- ions, the composites exhibited strong stimulation of angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Our work demonstrated the promising potential of CUP/PT composites as NIR-II light-responsive biomaterials with enhanced tissue reconstruction ability, especially for wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various bifunctional scaffolds have recently been developed to address the reconstruction of tumor‐initiated bone defects. Such scaffolds are usually composed of a near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion agent and a conventional bone scaffold for photothermal therapy (PTT) and long‐term bone regeneration. However, the reported photothermal conversion agents are mainly restricted to the first biological window (NIR‐I) with intrinsic poor tissue penetration depth. Also, most of these agents are non‐bioactive materials, which induced potential systemic side toxicity after implantation. Herein, a NIR‐II photothermal conversion agent (Wesselsite [SrCuSi4O10] nanosheets, SC NSs) with tremendous osteogenic and angiogenic bioactivity, is rationally integrated with polycaprolactone (PCL) via 3D printing. The as‐designed 3D composite scaffolds not only trigger osteosarcoma ablation through NIR‐II light generated extensive hyperthermia, but also promote in vitro cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), respectively, and the ultimate enhancement of vascularized bone regeneration in vivo owing to the controlled and sustained release of bioactive ions (Sr, Cu, and Si). The authors' study provides a new avenue to prepare multifunctional bone scaffolds based on therapeutic bioceramics for repairing tumor‐induced bone defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]