1. Titania nanotube-based protein delivery system to inhibit cranial bone regeneration in Crouzon model of craniosynostosis.
- Author
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Bariana M, Kaidonis JA, Losic D, Ranjitkar S, and Anderson PJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Craniofacial Dysostosis diagnostic imaging, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Nanotubes ultrastructure, Skull diagnostic imaging, X-Ray Microtomography, Bone Regeneration, Craniofacial Dysostosis therapy, Drug Delivery Systems, Glypicans administration & dosage, Glypicans therapeutic use, Nanotubes chemistry, Skull pathology, Titanium chemistry
- Abstract
Background: Craniosynostosis is a developmental disorder characterized by the premature fusion of skull sutures, necessitating repetitive, high-risk neurosurgical interventions throughout infancy. This study used protein-releasing Titania nanotubular implant (TNT/Ti) loaded with glypican 3 (GPC3) in the cranial critical-sized defects (CSDs) in Crouzon murine model ( Fgfr2
c342y/+ knock-in mutation) to address a key challenge of delaying post-operative bone regeneration in craniosynostosis., Materials and Methods: A 3 mm wide circular CSD was created in two murine models of Crouzon syndrome: (i) surgical control (CSDs without TNT/Ti or any protein, n=6) and (ii) experimental groups with TNT/Ti loaded with GPC3, further subdivided into the presence or absence of chitosan coating (on nanotubes) (n=12 in each group). The bone volume percentage in CSDs was assessed 90 days post-implantation using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis., Results: Nano-implants retrieved after 90 days post-operatively depicted well-adhered, hexagonally arranged, and densely packed nanotubes with average diameter of 120±10 nm. The nanotubular architecture was generally well-preserved. Compared with the control bone volume percentage data (without GPC3), GPC3-loaded TNT/Ti without chitosan coating displayed a significantly lower volume percent in cranial CSDs ( P <0.001). Histological assessment showed relatively less bone regeneration (healing) in GPC3-loaded CSDs than control CSDs., Conclusion: The finding of inhibition of cranial bone regeneration by GPC3-loaded TNT/Ti in vivo is an important advance in the novel field of minimally-invasive craniosynostosis therapy and holds the prospect of altering the whole paradigm of treatment for affected children. Future animal studies on a larger sample are indicated to refine the dosage and duration of drug delivery across different ages and both sexes with the view to undertake human clinical trials., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this work.- Published
- 2019
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