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This research analyzes the influence of bioenergy use on food supply in the 28 European Union (EU) countries under the governance quality system in 1990–2018. We used the pooled ordinary least squares technique and found that bioenergy growth (under the quality governance system), fossil fuel, and gross domestic product appears to increase food supply more in 13 European Union (EU13) underdeveloped countries. On the other hands, governance quality and population density have greatly affected food supply in 15 European Union developed countries (EU15) compared with EU13 European countries. These findings imply that the number of bioenergy resources which could be used directly in agricultural food chain end-use sectors will effectively increase food supply and thus contribute to the global warming objective. The results were verified by the pooled least squares (Pooled OLS) and fixed effect methods. The study recommends that the Member States of the European Union increase bioenergy in the energy mix to improve food supply, as systematic output does not compete with food-producing resources. The authorities should illustrate organized food supply and bioenergy policy by developing alternative strategies for reducing fossil fuel power and related CO2 emissions, according to the unique characteristics of both developed and developing countries in the EU.

The objective of this research is to examine the impact of bioenergy usage on health outcomes, especially adult mortality in both developed and underdeveloped countries in the European Union, where the use of solid biomass is growing to generate bioheat, biocool, and biopower. Over the period studied, findings indicate that increased consumption of bioenergy has increased mortality rates in developed and underdeveloped EU28 countries during the period 1990–2018. This feedback proposes, using generalized least squares (GLS), that the resulting death rate from burning biomass-related cases is higher in the EU15 developed countries compared to EU13 underdeveloped countries. There is a need to lower burning biomass in the entire EU15 countries, more importantly its developed region, by critically evaluating the bioenergy production life cycle before it is available for final consumption. However, there is a continuous need to intensify stringent production procedures in the bioenergy industry in EU15 countries, more importantly the imported biomass crops for energy use. There is also a need to be consistent with the campaign on the usage of bioenergy products, i.e., bioheat, bioelectricity, and biofuels, particularly in the rural areas where the use of wood fuels for cooking, heating, and cooling are significant in EU15 developed countries in comparison to EU13 developing countries.