1. GNAQ and GNA11 mutations and downstream YAP activation in choroidal nevi.
- Author
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Vader MJC, Madigan MC, Versluis M, Suleiman HM, Gezgin G, Gruis NA, Out-Luiting JJ, Bergman W, Verdijk RM, Jager MJ, and van der Velden PA
- Subjects
- Choroid Neoplasms metabolism, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Nevus metabolism, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Transcription Factors, YAP-Signaling Proteins, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing metabolism, Choroid Neoplasms genetics, GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits genetics, GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 genetics, Mutation, Neoplasm Proteins genetics, Neoplasm Proteins metabolism, Nevus genetics, Phosphoproteins metabolism
- Abstract
Background: Mutations in GNAQ/11 genes are considered an early event in the development of uveal melanoma that may derive from a pre-existing nevus. The Hippo pathway, by way of YAP activation, rather than MAP kinase, has a role in the oncogenic capacity of GNAQ/11 mutations., Methods: We investigated 16 nevi from 13 human eyes for driver GNAQ/11 mutations using droplet digital PCR and determined whether nevi are clonal by quantifying mutant nevus cell fractions. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 15 nevi to analyse YAP activation., Results: For 15 out of 16 nevi, a GNAQ/11 mutation was detected in the nevus cells albeit at a low frequency with a median of 13%. Nuclear YAP, a transcriptional co-activator in the Hippo tumour-suppressor pathway, was detected in 14/15 nevi., Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that a mutation in GNAQ/11 occurs in a subset of choroidal nevus cells. We hypothesise that GNAQ/11 mutant-driven extracellular mitogenic signalling involving YAP activation leads to accumulation of wild-type nevus cells.
- Published
- 2017
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