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Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EP) is a well-known botanical supplement with antioxidant characteristics. However, the effects of EP on oxidative stress induced by hyperthyroidism have not yet been studied. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidative effect of ethanolic Echinacea Purpurea (EEP) on hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative stress mice using an integrated strategy combining transcriptomics with network pharmacology analysis. Firstly, a hyperthyroidism mice model was induced via thyroxine (160 mg/kg) and EEP (1, 2, or 4 g/kg) once daily for 2 weeks. Body weight, thyroid-stimulating hormones, and oxidative stress markers were tested. Secondly, EEP regulating the potential genes at transcript level were analyzed. Thirdly, a network pharmacology based on the constituents of EEP identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis was adopted. Finally, a joint analysis was performed to identify the key pathway. The results showed that EEP significantly changed the thyroid-stimulating hormones and oxidative stress markers. Meanwhile, RT-qPCR and Western Blotting demonstrated that the mechanism of the antioxidant effect of EEP reversed the mRNA expression of EHHADH, HMGCR and SLC27A2 and the protein expression of FABP and HMGCR in AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways. This study integrates transcriptomics with network pharmacology to reveal the mechanism of ameliorative effect of EEP on hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A total of 17 major active components of Shenqi Fuzheng injection were identified. • Shenqi Fuzheng injection may play its role in treating breast cancer by acting on 25 core targets. • 40 pairs of chemical component-target interactions had better binding activity with more than 5.5 of docking score. • These hub targets are mainly enriched in 13 significant pathways. Breast cancer (BC) is increasing in Chinese women but the high cost and adverse side effects experienced as a result of western medicine leads to treatment drop out. Shenqi Fuzheng injection (SQFZI) is a traditional Chinese medicine consisting of Radix Astragali and Radix Codonopsis extracts. Although extensively and effectively used clinically to treat BC, the molecular mechanism requires elucidation. A network pharmacology approach mainly comprised of target prediction, network construction, and molecular docking simulation was adopted in this study. Twenty-five active components were identified by a literature search, corresponding to 262 putative targets. The network analysis showed that CA1, CA2, CA9, CA12, ESR1, ESR2, CDK1, CDK4, CDK6 and DRD2 were identified as core targets of SQFZI. Functional enrichment analysis manifested that SQFZI probably produced therapeutic effects against BC by synergistically regulating different biological pathways, such as nitrogen metabolism, adherens junctions, gap junctions, HIF-1 signalling pathway and proteoglycans in cancer. Moreover, molecular docking simulation proved that these key targets had high binding scores to the corresponding compounds. This study explored and analyzed the mechanism of SQFZI in the treatment of BC. These data provide the foundation for further experimental studies and may act to promote its appropriate clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]