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After a description of the principal clinical patterns of spinal muscular atrophies, the Authors discuss the aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis, articular, muscular, respiratory, whole functional and psychological evaluation, premises and aims of rehabilitation of patients with progressive motor disability. Rehabilitation techniques (postural education, prescription of braces, passive and active movements, respiratory physiotherapy) are described. The Authors assume that the role and effects of treatment vary a great deal, depending on the individual case and the moments of psychological crises. Rehabilitation may delay deterioration and achieve the prevention of evolutional complications: successful results are obtained if the patients and family are given detailed instructions for treatment at home and if a relationship and a close cooperation between the patient and the physiotherapist are established. Specific information and psychological support should be provided, which will cover not only the technical aspects of rehabilitation, but also the concrete problems of daily life and of adjustment in family and society.