1. Somatic autophagy of axonal mitochondria in ischemic neurons.
- Author
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Zheng Y, Zhang X, Wu X, Jiang L, Ahsan A, Ma S, Xiao Z, Han F, Qin ZH, Hu W, and Chen Z
- Subjects
- Animals, Autophagy-Related Protein 7 physiology, Axons metabolism, Brain Ischemia metabolism, Cerebral Cortex metabolism, Membrane Proteins genetics, Membrane Proteins metabolism, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Mitochondria metabolism, Nerve Tissue Proteins genetics, Nerve Tissue Proteins metabolism, Neurons metabolism, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases physiology, Axons pathology, Brain Ischemia pathology, Cerebral Cortex pathology, Mitochondria pathology, Mitophagy, Neurons pathology
- Abstract
Mitophagy protects against ischemic neuronal injury by eliminating damaged mitochondria, but it is unclear how mitochondria in distal axons are cleared. We find that oxygen and glucose deprivation-reperfusion reduces mitochondrial content in both cell bodies and axons. Axonal mitochondria elimination was not abolished in Atg7
fl/fl neurons, suggesting the absence of direct mitophagy in axons. Instead, axonal mitochondria were enwrapped by autophagosomes in soma and axon-derived mitochondria prioritized for elimination by autophagy. Intriguingly, axonal mitochondria showed prompt loss of anterograde motility but increased retrograde movement upon reperfusion. Anchoring of axonal mitochondria by syntaphilin blocked neuronal mitophagy and aggravated injury. Conversely, induced binding of mitochondria to dynein reinforced retrograde transport and enhanced mitophagy to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and attenuate neuronal injury. Therefore, we reveal somatic autophagy of axonal mitochondria in ischemic neurons and establish a direct link of retrograde mitochondrial movement with mitophagy. Our findings may provide a new concept for reducing ischemic neuronal injury by correcting mitochondrial motility.Cre neurons, suggesting the absence of direct mitophagy in axons. Instead, axonal mitochondria were enwrapped by autophagosomes in soma and axon-derived mitochondria prioritized for elimination by autophagy. Intriguingly, axonal mitochondria showed prompt loss of anterograde motility but increased retrograde movement upon reperfusion. Anchoring of axonal mitochondria by syntaphilin blocked neuronal mitophagy and aggravated injury. Conversely, induced binding of mitochondria to dynein reinforced retrograde transport and enhanced mitophagy to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and attenuate neuronal injury. Therefore, we reveal somatic autophagy of axonal mitochondria in ischemic neurons and establish a direct link of retrograde mitochondrial movement with mitophagy. Our findings may provide a new concept for reducing ischemic neuronal injury by correcting mitochondrial motility., (© 2019 Zheng et al.)- Published
- 2019
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