41,511 results
Search Results
52. Review Paper: Tau Pathology of Alzheimer Disease: Possible Role of Sleep Deprivation
- Author
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Sajjad Hejazi, Javad Mahmoudi, Mahnaz Talebi, and Nahid Ahmadian
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0301 basic medicine ,Apolipoprotein E ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,Amyloid beta-protein precursor ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Tau proteins ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Sleep disorder ,Clinical neuroscience ,Neurofilament proteins ,Amyloid beta-peptides ,Alzheimer's disease ,medicine.disease ,Sleep in non-human animals ,Sleep deprivation ,030104 developmental biology ,Glymphatic system ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Sleep deprivation is a common complaint in modern societies. Insufficient sleep has increased the risk of catching neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer Several studies have indicated that restricted sleep increases the level of deposition of β-amyloid and formation of neurofibrillary tangles, the major brain microstructural hallmarks for Alzheimer disease. The mechanisms by which sleep deprivation affects the pathology of Alzheimer disease has not yet been fully and definitively identified. However, risk factors like apolipoprotein E risk alleles, kinases and phosphatases dysregulation, reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum damages, glymphatic system dysfunctions and orexinergic system inefficacy have been identified as the most important factors which mediates between the two conditions. In this review, these factors are briefly discussed.
- Published
- 2018
53. Hypothesis paper electroacupuncture targeting the gut-brain axis to modulate neurocognitive determinants of eating behavior-toward a proof of concept in the obese minipig model
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Xuwen Zhang, David Val-Laillet, Hanwei Chen, Guanzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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modèle animal ,Brain activity and meditation ,Electroacupuncture ,Swine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Gut–brain axis ,imagerie cerebrale ,Obesity ,Vagus nerve ,Brain activity ,Brain imaging ,Pig model ,Review ,activité cérébrale ,03 medical and health sciences ,Health problems ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neuroimaging ,nerf vague ,Acupuncture ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Brain ,Feeding Behavior ,3. Good health ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,obésité ,Eating behavior ,Swine, Miniature ,[SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,business ,Neuroscience ,Neurocognitive ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,porc - Abstract
Acupuncture has thousands of years of history and perspective for the treatment of many health problems and disorders. Beneficial effects of acupuncture on obesity have been demonstrated at various levels in animals and clinical trials, with almost no adverse effect, even when combined with local electrical stimulation, i.e., electroacupuncture (EA), a way to potentiate the effects of acupuncture. However, there is still scattered evidence about the impact of EA on brain functions related to the control of eating behavior, and notably on the gut–brain axis mechanisms involved in these putative central modulations. During the past 10 years, we have described a convincing diet-induced obese minipig model, and successfully implemented brain imaging and neurocognitive approaches to challenge mechanistic hypotheses and innovative therapeutic strategies. In the present article, we propose to confront the current literature on the acupuncture and EA effects on the gut–brain axis and obesity with the latest developments in nutrition and neuroscience research using the minipig model. Our aims are to (a) elaborate functional hypotheses on the gut–brain mechanisms underlying EA effects on obesity, and especially on the role of the vagus nerve, and (b) present the rational for testing these hypotheses in the minipig model.
- Published
- 2021
54. Anchoring effects in the assessment of papers: The proposal for an empirical survey of citing authors
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Alexander Tekles, Christian Ganser, and Lutz Bornmann
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Databases, Factual ,Research Quality Assessment ,Social Sciences ,Surveys ,Treatment and control groups ,Cognition ,Email address ,Citation analysis ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Psychology ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) ,Problem Solving ,Data Management ,media_common ,Multidisciplinary ,Impact factor ,Publications ,Cognitive Heuristics ,Research Assessment ,Research Personnel ,Research Design ,Publishing ,Citation Analysis ,Medicine ,Journal Impact Factor ,Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Decision Making ,Bibliometrics ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Registered Report Protocol ,Humans ,Quality (business) ,Scientific Publishing ,Internet ,Survey Research ,Actuarial science ,business.industry ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Cognitive Science ,Citation ,business ,Neuroscience - Abstract
In our planned study, we shall empirically study the assessment of cited papers within the framework of the anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic. We are interested in the question whether citation decisions are (mainly) driven by the quality of cited references. The design of our study is oriented towards the study by Teplitskiy, Duede [10]. We shall undertake a survey of corresponding authors with an available email address in the Web of Science database. The authors are asked to assess the quality of papers that they cited in previous papers. Some authors will be assigned to three treatment groups that receive further information alongside the cited paper: citation information, information on the publishing journal (journal impact factor), or a numerical access code to enter the survey. The control group will not receive any further numerical information. In the statistical analyses, we estimate how (strongly) the quality assessments of the cited papers are adjusted by the respondents to the anchor value (citation, journal, or access code). Thus, we are interested in whether possible adjustments in the assessments can not only be produced by quality-related information (citation or journal), but also by numbers that are not related to quality, i.e. the access code. The results of the study may have important implications for quality assessments of papers by researchers and the role of numbers, citations, and journal metrics in assessment processes.
- Published
- 2021
55. Quantity and/or Quality? The Importance of Publishing Many Papers.
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Sandström, Ulf and van den Besselaar, Peter
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CITATION analysis ,PERIODICAL publishing ,SWEDISH authors ,ECONOMIC competition ,PROBABILITY theory - Abstract
Do highly productive researchers have significantly higher probability to produce top cited papers? Or do high productive researchers mainly produce a sea of irrelevant papers—in other words do we find a diminishing marginal result from productivity? The answer on these questions is important, as it may help to answer the question of whether the increased competition and increased use of indicators for research evaluation and accountability focus has perverse effects or not. We use a Swedish author disambiguated dataset consisting of 48.000 researchers and their WoS-publications during the period of 2008–2011 with citations until 2014 to investigate the relation between productivity and production of highly cited papers. As the analysis shows, quantity does make a difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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- View/download PDF
56. Quality analysis for reliable complex multiclass neuroscience signal classification via electroencephalography
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Shankhdhar, Ashutosh, Verma, Pawan Kumar, Agrawal, Prateek, Madaan, Vishu, and Gupta, Charu
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- 2022
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57. Ten simple rules for reading a scientific paper
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William A. Petri, Kevin L Steiner, and Maureen A. Carey
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Science and Technology Workforce ,Economics ,Social Sciences ,Scientific literature ,Careers in Research ,Key (music) ,Habits ,Learning and Memory ,Sociology ,Reading (process) ,Psychology ,Biology (General) ,media_common ,Simple (philosophy) ,Textbooks ,Ecology ,Library card ,Careers ,Publications ,Research Assessment ,Professions ,Editorial ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Modeling and Simulation ,Research Reporting Guidelines ,Educational Status ,Periodicals as Topic ,Employment ,QH301-705.5 ,Science Policy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Education ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Level of Effort ,Human Learning ,Genetics ,Mathematics education ,Learning ,Early career ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Publishing ,Behavior ,Research ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Advice (programming) ,Reading ,Labor Economics ,People and Places ,Scientists ,Cognitive Science ,Population Groupings ,Undergraduates ,Neuroscience - Abstract
“There is no problem that a library card can't solve” according to author Eleanor Brown [1]. This advice is sound, probably for both life and science, but even the best tool (like the library) is most effective when accompanied by instructions and a basic understanding of how and when to use it. For many budding scientists, the first day in a new lab setting often involves a stack of papers, an email full of links to pertinent articles, or some promise of a richer understanding so long as one reads enough of the scientific literature. However, the purpose and approach to reading a scientific article is unlike that of reading a news story, novel, or even a textbook and can initially seem unapproachable. Having good habits for reading scientific literature is key to setting oneself up for success, identifying new research questions, and filling in the gaps in one’s current understanding; developing these good habits is the first crucial step. Advice typically centers around two main tips: read actively and read often. However, active reading, or reading with an intent to understand, is both a learned skill and a level of effort. Although there is no one best way to do this, we present 10 simple rules, relevant to novices and seasoned scientists alike, to teach our strategy for active reading based on our experience as readers and as mentors of undergraduate and graduate researchers, medical students, fellows, and early career faculty. Rules 1–5 are big picture recommendations. Rules 6–8 relate to philosophy of reading. Rules 9–10 guide the “now what?” questions one should ask after reading and how to integrate what was learned into one’s own science.
- Published
- 2020
58. Data Fabrication and Data Falsification in the paper entitled 'Regulation of DARPP-32 dephosphorylation at PKA and Cdk5-sites by NMDA and AMPA receptors', authored by Nishi, A., Bibb, J.A., Matsuyama, S., Hamada, M., Higushi, H., Nairn, A.C. and Greengard. P., and published in the Journal of Neurochemistry. [J. Neurochem. (2002) Vol. 5, pp832-841]
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H.Y. Lim Tung
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Dephosphorylation ,Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 ,Philosophy ,Glutamate receptor ,Phosphorylation ,NMDA receptor ,Neurochemistry ,AMPA receptor ,Neuroscience ,Ionotropic effect - Abstract
The paper entitled "Regulation of DARPP-32 dephosphorylation at PKA and Cdk5-sites by NMDA and AMPA receptors", authored by Nishi, A., Bibb, J.A., Matsuyama, S., Hamada, M., Higushi, H., Nairn, A.C. and Greengard. P., and published in the Journal of Neurochemistry. [J. Neurochem. (2002) Vol. 5, pp832-841] describes the study the effects of ionotropic glutamate NMDA and AMPA receptors on DARPP-32 phosphorylation in neostriatal slices and purported to show that activation of NMDA and AMPA receptors caused the decrease of phosphorylations of threonone 34 and threonine 75 DARPP-32 mediated by Ca 2+-dependent activation of calcineurin and protein phosphatase-2A respectively. However, no supporting scientific results were provided. Figures 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D are duplicates of each other. With exactly the same figures depicting exactly the same immunublots, the authors somehow came up with different bar charts that supposedly quantify the extent of DARPP-32 phosphorylation levels under different conditions. Figures 3A and 3C are also duplicates of each other. It is not clear how the reviewer(s) and the Editor of the Journal of Neurochemistry could have missed the glaring evidence of Data Fabrication and and Data Falsification.
- Published
- 2020
59. JCB905433 Supplemental Material2 - Supplemental material for Guidelines for the content and format of PET brain data in publications and archives: A consensus paper
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Knudsen, Gitte M, Ganz, Melanie, Appelhoff, Stefan, Boellaard, Ronald, Bormans, Guy, Carson, Richard E, Catana, Ciprian, Doudet, Doris, Gee, Antony D, Greve, Douglas N, Gunn, Roger N, Halldin, Christer, Herscovitch, Peter, Huang, Henry, Keller, Sune H, Lammertsma, Adriaan A, Lanzenberger, Rupert, Jeih-San Liow, Talakad G Lohith, Lubberink, Mark, Lyoo, Chul H, J John Mann, Matheson, Granville J, Nichols, Thomas E, Nørgaard, Martin, Ogden, Todd, Parsey, Ramin, Pike, Victor W, Price, Julie, Rizzo, Gaia, Rosa-Neto, Pedro, Schain, Martin, Scott, Peter JH, Searle, Graham, Slifstein, Mark, Suhara, Tetsuya, Talbot, Peter S, Thomas, Adam, Veronese, Mattia, Wong, Dean F, Yaqub, Maqsood, Zanderigo, Francesca, Zoghbi, Sami, and Innis, Robert B
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110320 Radiology and Organ Imaging ,FOS: Clinical medicine ,FOS: Biological sciences ,Medicine ,Cell Biology ,110305 Emergency Medicine ,110306 Endocrinology ,Biochemistry ,69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified ,110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Supplemental material, JCB905433 Supplemental Material2 for Guidelines for the content and format of PET brain data in publications and archives: A consensus paper by Gitte M Knudsen, Melanie Ganz, Stefan Appelhoff, Ronald Boellaard, Guy Bormans, Richard E Carson, Ciprian Catana, Doris Doudet, Antony D Gee, Douglas N Greve, Roger N Gunn, Christer Halldin, Peter Herscovitch, Henry Huang, Sune H Keller, Adriaan A Lammertsma, Rupert Lanzenberger, Jeih-San Liow, Talakad G Lohith, Mark Lubberink, Chul H Lyoo, J John Mann, Granville J Matheson, Thomas E Nichols, Martin Nørgaard, Todd Ogden, Ramin Parsey, Victor W Pike, Julie Price, Gaia Rizzo, Pedro Rosa-Neto, Martin Schain, Peter JH Scott, Graham Searle, Mark Slifstein, Tetsuya Suhara, Peter S Talbot, Adam Thomas, Mattia Veronese, Dean F Wong, Maqsood Yaqub, Francesca Zanderigo, Sami Zoghbi and Robert B Innis in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
60. The History of Spanish Neuroscience: Thematic Papers Issue
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Juan A. De Carlos
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0301 basic medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Histology ,History ,Honor ,Anatomy ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Biotechnology ,Front (military) - Abstract
To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the creation of the Instituto Cajal, we bring this thematic issue to honor Spanish neuroscience. The issue includes several papers written by scientists, most of them being direct descendants of those who lived on the front lines of the dawn of Spanish neuroscience. These pages reflect a summary of the main achievements of this unique group of neuroscientists, all of them belonging to the Cajal School. Finally, this school of scientists became the forerunner of the modern worldwide neuroscience. Anat Rec, 303:1179–1180, 2020. © 2020 American Association for Anatomy.
- Published
- 2020
61. Consensus Paper: Towards a Systems-Level View of Cerebellar Function: the Interplay Between Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia, and Cortex
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Paul F. M. J. Verschure, Giovanni Pezzulo, Kenji Doya, Daniele Caligiore, Rick C. Helmich, Ángel Lago-Rodríguez, Peter L. Strick, Andreea C. Bostan, James C. Houk, Gianluca Baldassarre, Ivan Herreros, Riccardo Zucca, Michiel F. Dirkx, Joseph M. Galea, R. Chris Miall, Henrik Jörntell, Traian Popa, and Asha Kishore
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0301 basic medicine ,Cerebellum ,Consensus ,Movement disorders ,Basal Ganglia ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cortex (anatomy) ,Neural Pathways ,Basal ganglia ,Parkinson's disease tremor ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Non-invasive brain stimulation ,Cerebral Cortex ,Medicine(all) ,Computational neuroscience ,Cerebellar function ,Cognition ,Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3] ,Cerebellar motor and cognitive function ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Cerebral cortex ,Basal ganglia cerebellum anatomical link ,Nucleo-olivary inhibition ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Parkinson’s disease tremor - Abstract
Despite increasing evidence suggesting the cerebellum works in concert with the cortex and basal ganglia, the nature of the reciprocal interactions between these three brain regions remains unclear. This consensus paper gathers diverse recent views on a variety of important roles played by the cerebellum within the cerebello-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical system across a range of motor and cognitive functions. The paper includes theoretical and empirical contributions, which cover the following topics: recent evidence supporting the dynamical interplay between cerebellum, basal ganglia, and cortical areas in humans and other animals; theoretical neuroscience perspectives and empirical evidence on the reciprocal influences between cerebellum, basal ganglia, and cortex in learning and control processes; and data suggesting possible roles of the cerebellum in basal ganglia movement disorders. Although starting from different backgrounds and dealing with different topics, all the contributors agree that viewing the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and cortex as an integrated system enables us to understand the function of these areas in radically different ways. In addition, there is unanimous consensus between the authors that future experimental and computational work is needed to understand the function of cerebellar-basal ganglia circuitry in both motor and non-motor functions. The paper reports the most advanced perspectives on the role of the cerebellum within the cerebello-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical system and illustrates other elements of consensus as well as disagreements and open questions in the field. The present research was supported by the European Commission 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), “Challenge 2—Cognitive Systems, Interaction, Robotics,” grant agreement No. ICT IP-231722, project “IM-CLeVeR—Intrinsically Motivated Cumulative Learning Versatile Robots” to D. Caligiore; by the Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP), award number RGY0088/2014 to G. Pezzulo; in parts by funds from the Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs and National Institutes of Health Grants R01 NS24328, R01 MH56661, P40 OD010996, and P30 NS076405 to P. L. Strick; by the European Research Council project MotMotLearn (637488) to J. Galea; by the MRC (grant R/J012610/1) to R.C. Miall and Wellcome Trust, grant WT087554 to R.C. Miall and A. Lago-Rodriguez; by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 341196 to P. F. M. J. Verschure; and by the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 socSMC (under agreement number socSMC-641321H2020-FETPROACT-2014) to I. Herreros. We thank the two anonymous reviewers and Professor Michael A. Arbib who have contributed to enhance the quality of this consensus paper with precious comments.
- Published
- 2017
62. Applying extracellular vesicles based therapeutics in clinical trials - an ISEV position paper
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Lener, Thomas, Gimona, Mario, Aigner, Ludwig, Börger, Verena, Buzas, Edit, Camussi, Giovanni, Chaput, Nathalie, Chatterjee, Devasis, Court, Felipe A, Del Portillo, Hernando A, O'Driscoll, Lorraine, Fais, Stefano, Falcon-Perez, Juan M, Felderhoff-Mueser, Ursula, Fraile, Lorenzo, Gho, Yong Song, Görgens, André, Gupta, Ramesh C, Hendrix, An, Hermann, Dirk M, Hill, Andrew F, Hochberg, Fred, Horn, Peter A, de Kleijn, Dominique, Kordelas, Lambros, Kramer, Boris W, Krämer-Albers, Eva-Maria, Laner-Plamberger, Sandra, Laitinen, Saara, Leonardi, Tommaso, Lorenowicz, Magdalena J, Lim, Sai Kiang, Lötvall, Jan, Maguire, Casey A, Marcilla, Antonio, Nazarenko, Irina, Ochiya, Takahiro, Patel, Tushar, Pedersen, Shona, Pocsfalvi, Gabriella, Pluchino, Stefano, Quesenberry, Peter, Reischl, Ilona G, Rivera, Francisco J, Sanzenbacher, Ralf, Schallmoser, Katharina, Slaper-Cortenbach, Ineke, Strunk, Dirk, Tonn, Torsten, Vader, Pieter, van Balkom, Bas W M, Wauben, Marca, Andaloussi, Samir El, Théry, Clotilde, Rohde, Eva, Giebel, Bernd, Infection & Immunity, Fertility & Reproduction, dI&I I&I-1, dB&C I&I, LS Celbiologie-Algemeen, Infection & Immunity, Fertility & Reproduction, dI&I I&I-1, dB&C I&I, LS Celbiologie-Algemeen, Kindergeneeskunde, MUMC+: MA Medische Staf Kindergeneeskunde (9), RS: MHeNs - R3 - Neuroscience, RS: GROW - Developmental Biology, and RS: GROW - R4 - Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine
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Bioquímica clínica ,Medizin ,ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY ,Bioinformatics ,immunology ,neurobiology ,haematology ,stem cells ,tissue regeneration ,tumour vaccination ,regulation ,0302 clinical medicine ,Clinical trials ,Clinical investigation ,VERSUS-HOST-DISEASE ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION ,Medicine ,Immunologia ,media_common ,0303 health sciences ,lcsh:Cytology ,OUTER-MEMBRANE VESICLES ,Hematology ,Biologia experimental ,3. Good health ,TUMOR-DERIVED EXOSOMES ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Drug delivery ,Position Paper ,Cèl·lules mare ,Neurobiologia ,Histology ,Medicina Investigació ,Cèl·lules ,NANOPARTICLE TRACKING ANALYSIS ,Extracellular vesicles ,MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS ,03 medical and health sciences ,Journal Article ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,REGULATORY T-CELLS ,European union ,lcsh:QH573-671 ,ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS ,Hematologia ,030304 developmental biology ,business.industry ,Cell Biology ,Microvesicles ,Clinical trial ,Position paper ,Pharmaceutical manufacturing ,UMBILICAL-CORD BLOOD ,business ,Neuroscience ,Assaigs clínics - Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, are released by different cell types and participate in physiological and pathophysiological processes. EVs mediate intercellular communication as cell-derived extracellular signalling organelles that transmit specific information from their cell of origin to their target cells. As a result of these properties, EVs of defined cell types may serve as novel tools for various therapeutic approaches, including (a) anti-tumour therapy, (b) pathogen vaccination, (c) immune-modulatory and regenerative therapies and (d) drug delivery. The translation of EVs into clinical therapies requires the categorization of EV-based therapeutics in compliance with existing regulatory frameworks. As the classification defines subsequent requirements for manufacturing, quality control and clinical investigation, it is of major importance to define whether EVs are considered the active drug components or primarily serve as drug delivery vehicles. For an effective and particularly safe translation of EV-based therapies into clinical practice, a high level of cooperation between researchers, clinicians and competent authorities is essential. In this position statement, basic and clinical scientists, as members of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) and of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, namely European Network on Microvesicles and Exosomes in Health and Disease (ME-HaD), summarize recent developments and the current knowledge of EV-based therapies. Aspects of safety and regulatory requirements that must be considered for pharmaceutical manufacturing and clinical application are highlighted. Production and quality control processes are discussed. Strategies to promote the therapeutic application of EVs in future clinical studies are addressed.
- Published
- 2015
63. Consensus paper of the WFSBP task force on biological markers: criteria for biomarkers and endophenotypes of schizophrenia part I: neurophysiology
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Nash N. Boutros, Florence Thibaut, Zafiris Jeffrey Daskalakis, Adam Wichniak, Wfsbp Task Force on Biological Markers, Marek Jarema, Alkomiet Hasan, Andrea Schmitt, Peter Riederer, Peter Falkai, and Bob Oranje
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Psychosis ,Consensus ,genetic structures ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Endophenotypes ,Electrodiagnosis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Magnetoencephalography ,Electroencephalography ,medicine.disease ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Smooth pursuit ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Schizophrenia ,Endophenotype ,Brain stimulation ,medicine ,Humans ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Biomarkers ,Societies, Medical ,Biological Psychiatry - Abstract
The neurophysiological components that have been proposed as biomarkers or as endophenotypes for schizophrenia can be measured through electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), polysomnography (PSG), registration of event-related potentials (ERPs), assessment of smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) and antisaccade paradigms. Most of them demonstrate deficits in schizophrenia, show at least moderate stability over time and do not depend on clinical status, which means that they fulfil the criteria as valid endophenotypes for genetic studies. Deficits in cortical inhibition and plasticity measured using non-invasive brain stimulation techniques seem promising markers of outcome and prognosis. However the utility of these markers as biomarkers for predicting conversion to psychosis, response to treatments, or for tracking disease progression needs to be further studied.
- Published
- 2020
64. Response to the commentary on our paper 'bioenergetics of the VO2 slow component between exercise intensity domains'
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Kevin Caen, Alessandro L. Colosio, Jan Bourgois, Carlo Capelli, Øyvind Nøstdahl Gløersen, Silvia Pogliaghi, and Jan Boone
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n/a ,Bioenergetics ,Physiology ,Physiology (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Exercise intensity ,MEDLINE ,Human physiology ,Biology ,Slow component ,Neuroscience ,Clinical biochemistry - Published
- 2020
65. Transfer function analysis of dynamic cerebral autoregulation: A white paper from the International Cerebral Autoregulation Research Network
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Claassen, J. A., Meel-Van Den Abeelen, A. S. S., Simpson, D. M., Panerai, R. B., Alexander Caicedo Dorado, Mitsis, Georgios D., Brassard, P., Ainslie, Philip N., Summers, P., Iwasaki, K., Ragauskas, A., Tzeng, Y. -C, Müller, M., Wang, C. Y., Hu, H. H., Gommer, E., Karemaker, J. M., Aries, M., Van Lieshout, J. J., Semenyuti, V., Aliev, V., Potter, J., Smielewski, P., Liu, X., Czosnyka, M., Payne, S., Bailey, D., Yelicich, B., Puppo, C., Shin, D., Rickards, C. A., Serrador, J., Zhang, R., Marmarelis, V. Z., Novak, V., MUMC+: HZC Niet Med Staf Klinische Neurofys (9), RS: FHML non-thematic output, RS: MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, and Mitsis, Georgios D. [0000-0001-9975-5128]
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Alzheimer`s disease Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 1] ,Subarachnoid hemorrhage ,SPONTANEOUS BLOOD-PRESSURE ,CEREBROVASCULAR AUTOREGULATION ,Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16] ,cerebral blood flow ,Neurophysiology ,Blood Pressure ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Cerebral autoregulation ,transfer function analysis ,03 medical and health sciences ,white paper ,0302 clinical medicine ,TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER ,medicine ,OSCILLATIONS ,Animals ,Homeostasis ,Humans ,Autoregulation ,Cerebral perfusion pressure ,Review Articles ,SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE ,Transfer function analysis ,FLOW VELOCITY ,gold standard ,QUANTIFICATION ,medicine.disease ,REACTIVITY ,Transcranial Doppler ,FOURIER-TRANSFORM ,Blood pressure ,Neurology ,Cerebral blood flow ,Cerebrovascular Circulation ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext Cerebral autoregulation is the intrinsic ability of the brain to maintain adequate cerebral perfusion in the presence of blood pressure changes. A large number of methods to assess the quality of cerebral autoregulation have been proposed over the last 30 years. However, no single method has been universally accepted as a gold standard. Therefore, the choice of which method to employ to quantify cerebral autoregulation remains a matter of personal choice. Nevertheless, given the concept that cerebral autoregulation represents the dynamic relationship between blood pressure (stimulus or input) and cerebral blood flow (response or output), transfer function analysis became the most popular approach adopted in studies based on spontaneous fluctuations of blood pressure. Despite its sound theoretical background, the literature shows considerable variation in implementation of transfer function analysis in practice, which has limited comparisons between studies and hindered progress towards clinical application. Therefore, the purpose of the present white paper is to improve standardisation of parameters and settings adopted for application of transfer function analysis in studies of dynamic cerebral autoregulation. The development of these recommendations was initiated by (but not confined to) theCerebral Autoregulation Research Network(CARNet -www.car-net.org).
- Published
- 2015
66. Mistakes can stabilise the dynamics of rock-paper-scissors games
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Krishnendu Chatterjee, Maria Kleshnina, Jerzy A. Filar, and Sabrina Streipert
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Evolutionary Genetics ,0301 basic medicine ,Computer science ,Population Dynamics ,Social Sciences ,Stable equilibrium ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Psychology ,050207 economics ,Biology (General) ,Strategy execution ,0303 health sciences ,Animal Behavior ,Ecology ,Applied Mathematics ,05 social sciences ,Biological Evolution ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Dynamics (music) ,Modeling and Simulation ,Physical Sciences ,Probability distribution ,Mathematical economics ,Game theory ,Research Article ,QH301-705.5 ,Decision Making ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Game Theory ,0502 economics and business ,Genetics ,Humans ,Animal behavior ,Evolutionary dynamics ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,Behavior ,Evolutionary Biology ,Population Biology ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Probability Theory ,Probability Distribution ,Organismal Evolution ,030104 developmental biology ,Microbial Evolution ,Cognitive Science ,Zoology ,Mathematics ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience - Abstract
A game of rock-paper-scissors is an interesting example of an interaction where none of the pure strategies strictly dominates all others, leading to a cyclic pattern. In this work, we consider an unstable version of rock-paper-scissors dynamics and allow individuals to make behavioural mistakes during the strategy execution. We show that such an assumption can break a cyclic relationship leading to a stable equilibrium emerging with only one strategy surviving. We consider two cases: completely random mistakes when individuals have no bias towards any strategy and a general form of mistakes. Then, we determine conditions for a strategy to dominate all other strategies. However, given that individuals who adopt a dominating strategy are still prone to behavioural mistakes in the observed behaviour, we may still observe extinct strategies. That is, behavioural mistakes in strategy execution stabilise evolutionary dynamics leading to an evolutionary stable and, potentially, mixed co-existence equilibrium., Author summary A game of rock-paper-scissors is more than just a children’s game. This type of interactions is often used to describe competition among animals or humans. A special feature of such an interaction is that none of the pure strategies dominates, resulting in a cyclic pattern. However, in wild communities such interactions are rarely observed by biologists. Our results suggest that this lack of cyclicity may stem from imperfectness of interacting individuals. In other words, we show analytically that heterogeneity in behavioural patterns may break a cyclic relationship and lead to a stable equilibrium in pure or mixed strategies.
- Published
- 2021
67. A Tribute to Lewis Wolpert on the 50th Anniversary of the Publication of His Paper ‘Positional Information and the Spatial Pattern of Differentiation’. Evidence for a Timing Mechanism for Setting Up the Vertebrate Anterior-Posterior (A-P) Axis
- Author
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Antony Durston
- Subjects
cell_developmental_biology ,Mechanism (biology) ,biology.animal ,Limb development ,Vertebrate ,Anterior posterior ,Biology ,Hox gene ,Neuroscience - Abstract
This article is a tribute to Lewis Wolpert on the occasion of the recent 50th anniversary of the publication of his article ‘Positional Information and the Spatial Pattern of Differentiation’. This tribute relates to another of his ideas: his early ‘Progress Zone’ timing model for limb development. Recent evidence is reviewed that a mechanism sharing features with this model patterns the main body axis in early vertebrate development. This tribute celebrates the golden era of Developmental Biology.
- Published
- 2019
68. Glucocorticoid-sensitive ventral hippocampal-orbitofrontal cortical connections support goal-directed action - Curt Richter Award Paper 2019
- Author
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Shannon L. Gourley and Elizabeth T. Barfield
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Male ,Dendritic spine ,Time Factors ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Dendritic Spines ,Drug Resistance ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Mice, Transgenic ,Hippocampal formation ,Hippocampus ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Habits ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Reward ,Corticosterone ,Medicine ,Animals ,Chronic stress ,Axon ,Glucocorticoids ,Biological Psychiatry ,media_common ,Expectancy theory ,Behavior, Animal ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,business.industry ,030227 psychiatry ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Synapses ,Conditioning, Operant ,Habit ,business ,Neuroscience ,Goals ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Glucocorticoid ,medicine.drug - Abstract
In an ever-changing and often ambiguous environment, organisms must use previously learned associations between antecedents and outcomes to predict future associations and make optimal choices. Chronic stress can impair one's ability to flexibly adjust behaviors when environmental contingencies change, particularly in cases of early-life stress. In mice, exposure to elevated levels of the primary stress hormone, corticosterone (CORT), during early adolescence is sufficient to impair response-outcome decision making later in life, biasing response strategies towards inflexible habits. Nevertheless, neurobiological mechanisms are still being defined. Here, we report that exposure to excess CORT in adolescence causes a loss of dendritic spines on excitatory pyramidal neurons in the lateral, but not medial, orbital prefrontal cortex (loPFC) of mice, and spine loss correlates with the severity of habit biases in adulthood. Excess CORT also reduces the presence of ventral hippocampal (vHC) axon terminals in the loPFC. To identify functional consequences, we inactivated vHC→loPFC projections in typical healthy mice during a period when mice must update response-outcome expectations to optimally acquire food reinforcers. Inactivation impaired the animals' subsequent ability to sustainably choose actions based on likely outcomes, causing them to defer to habit-based response strategies. Thus, vHC→loPFC projections are necessary for response-outcome expectancy updating and a target of excess glucocorticoids during early-life development. Their degradation is likely involved in long-term biases towards habit-based behaviors following glucocorticoid excess in adolescence.
- Published
- 2019
69. STP Position Paper: Recommended Best Practices for Sampling, Processing, and Analysis of the Peripheral Nervous System (Nerves and Somatic and Autonomic Ganglia) during Nonclinical Toxicity Studies
- Author
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Georg Krinke, Brad Bolon, Bernard S Jortner, Deepa B. Rao, Karl F. Jensen, Robert H. Garman, Mark T. Butt, Lydia L. Andrews-Jones, Michael S. Thibodeau, Ingrid D. Pardo, James P. Morrison, and Alok K. Sharma
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040301 veterinary sciences ,Autonomic ganglion ,H&E stain ,Neuropathology ,Toxicology ,Specimen Handling ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Trigeminal ganglion ,0302 clinical medicine ,Peripheral Nervous System ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Sampling (medicine) ,Molecular Biology ,business.industry ,Histological Techniques ,Neurotoxicity ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Peripheral nervous system ,Spinal nerve ,business ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) toxicity is surveyed inconsistently in nonclinical general toxicity studies. These Society of Toxicologic Pathology “best practice” recommendations are designed to ensure consistent, efficient, and effective sampling, processing, and evaluation of PNS tissues for four different situations encountered during nonclinical general toxicity (screening) and dedicated neurotoxicity studies. For toxicity studies where neurotoxicity is unknown or not anticipated (situation 1), PNS evaluation may be limited to one sensorimotor spinal nerve. If somatic PNS neurotoxicity is suspected (situation 2), analysis minimally should include three spinal nerves, multiple dorsal root ganglia, and a trigeminal ganglion. If autonomic PNS neuropathy is suspected (situation 3), parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia should be assessed. For dedicated neurotoxicity studies where a neurotoxic effect is expected (situation 4), PNS sampling follows the strategy for situations 2 and/or 3, as dictated by functional or other compound/target-specific data. For all situations, bilateral sampling with unilateral processing is acceptable. For situations 1–3, PNS is processed conventionally (immersion in buffered formalin, paraffin embedding, and hematoxylin and eosin staining). For situation 4 (and situations 2 and 3 if resources and timing permit), perfusion fixation with methanol-free fixative is recommended. Where PNS neurotoxicity is suspected or likely, at least one (situations 2 and 3) or two (situation 4) nerve cross sections should be postfixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium before hard plastic resin embedding; soft plastic embedding is not a suitable substitute for hard plastic. Special methods may be used if warranted to further characterize PNS findings. Initial PNS analysis should be informed, not masked (“blinded”). Institutions may adapt these recommendations to fit their specific programmatic requirements but may need to explain in project documentation the rationale for their chosen PNS sampling, processing, and evaluation strategy.
- Published
- 2018
70. Anteroventral bed nuclei of the stria terminalis neurocircuitry: Towards an integration of HPA axis modulation with coping behaviors - Curt Richter Award Paper 2017
- Author
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Jason J. Radley and Shane B. Johnson
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ,endocrine system ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Infralimbic cortex ,Limbic Lobe ,Pituitary-Adrenal System ,Passive coping ,Coping behavior ,Biology ,Effector cell ,Article ,Fight-or-flight response ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Thalamus ,Stress, Physiological ,Adaptation, Psychological ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Chronic stress ,Biological Psychiatry ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Mental Disorders ,Psychophysiologic Disorders ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Stria terminalis ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Hypothalamus ,Septal Nuclei ,Nerve Net ,Neuroscience ,Stress, Psychological ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - Abstract
A network of interconnected cell groups in the limbic forebrain regulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation and behavioral responses to emotionally stressful experiences, and chronic disruption of these systems chronically is implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric illnesses. A significant challenge has been to unravel the circuitry and mechanisms providing for regulation of HPA activity, as these limbic forebrain regions do not provide any direct innervation of HPA effector cell groups in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH). Moreover, information regarding how endocrine and behavioral responses are integrated has remained obscure. Here we summarize work from our laboratory showing that anteroventral (av) bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) acts as a point of convergence between the limbic forebrain and PVH, receiving and coordinating upstream influences, and restraining HPA axis output in response to inescapable stressors. Recent studies highlight a more expansive modulatory role for avBST as one that coordinates HPA-inhibitory influences while concurrently suppressing passive behavioral responses via divergent pathways. avBST is uniquely positioned to convey endocrine and behavioral alterations resulting from chronic stress exposure, such as HPA axis hyperactivity and increased passive coping strategies, that may result from synaptic reorganization in upstream limbic cortical regions. We discuss how these studies give new insights into understanding the systems-level organization of stress response circuitry, the neurobiology of coping styles, and BST circuit dysfunction in stress-related psychiatric disorders.
- Published
- 2018
71. 22-1: Invited Paper : Biological Effects of Light: Can Self-luminous Displays Play a Role?
- Author
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Mariana G. Figueiro
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010302 applied physics ,Communication ,business.industry ,fungi ,food and beverages ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Bacterial circadian rhythms ,Alertness ,Dark therapy ,Light effects on circadian rhythm ,Synchronizer ,0103 physical sciences ,Circadian rhythm ,0210 nano-technology ,Entrainment (chronobiology) ,business ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Blue light - Abstract
Light is the major synchronizer of circadian rhythms to local time on earth. Light can also elicit an acute alerting effect on humans. This paper discusses lighting characteristics that affect the circadian system and how self-luminous displays can be used to promote entrainment and alertness.
- Published
- 2017
72. Review paper. Terminal lucidity
- Author
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Boris Alejandro Chiriboga-Oleszczak
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Psychiatry ,end of life experience ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,RC435-571 ,050109 social psychology ,Pharmacy ,General Medicine ,terminal lucidity ,lightening up before death ,memory ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Terminal (electronics) ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,business ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Terminal lucidity is a term used in the medical literature to determine the improvement of mental functioning shortly before death, even among patients with serious and long-term disorders. In 19th century, cases of mind clarity recovery shortly before death, were often recognized by doctors and interpreted as a sign of an impending death. In 20th century, the interest in this phenomenon decreased and then, virtually disappear. In recent years, on the wave of publications concerning near death experiences and related events such as the end of life experiences, papers about the improvement of mental functioning shortly before death, exponentially grew and got a new name, terminal lucidity. In this paper, an overview of the available literature is presented to outline the historical, phenomenological and clinical picture of this phenomenon and its possible implications for medical care and future studies.
- Published
- 2017
73. The 'Big-Bang' for modern glial biology: Translation and comments on Pío del Río-Hortega 1919 series of papers on microglia
- Author
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Manuel Garrosa, Amanda Sierra, José R. Iglesias-Rozas, Fernando de Castro, Helmut Kettenmann, and Juan del Río-Hortega
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0301 basic medicine ,Value (ethics) ,Neuron doctrine ,Microglia ,Late 19th century ,Context (language use) ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Neurology ,medicine ,Nerve glue ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Period (music) - Abstract
The word "glia" was coined in the mid-19th century and defined as "the nerve glue". For decades, it was assumed to be a uniform matrix, until cell theorists raised the "neuron doctrine" which stipulated that nervous tissue was composed of individual cells. The term "astrocytes" was introduced in the late 19th century as a synonym for glial cells, but it was Santiago Ramon y Cajal who defined a "third element" distinct from glial cells (astrocytes) and neurons. It was not until 1919 when Pio del Rio-Hortega, an alumnus of the Cajal School, introduced the modern terms we use today, and thoroughly described both "oligodendrocytes" and "microglia" to clearly distinguish them from astrocytes. In a series of four papers published that year in Spanish, Rio-Hortega described the distribution and morphological phenotype of microglia. He also noted that these cells were the origin of the rod cells described earlier in pathologic tissue, and recognized that resting microglia transformed into an ameboid phenotype in different types of brain diseases and pathologies. He also noted the mesodermal origin of these cells and recognized their phagocytic capacity. We here provide the first English translation of these landmark series of papers, which paved the way for modern glial research. To heighten the value and accessibility of these classic papers and their original figures, an introduction to this critical period of neuroscience is provided, along with unpublished photographs. By adding comments to the translated text, we provide sufficient context so that contemporary scientists may fully appreciate it. GLIA 2016;64:1801-1840.
- Published
- 2016
74. Growth and pruning of mushroom body Kenyon cell dendrites during worker behavioral development in the paper wasp, Polybia aequatorialis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
- Author
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Theresa A. Jones, Nicole A. Donlan, and Sean O'Donnell
- Subjects
Neuropil ,Kenyon cell ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Wasps ,Zoology ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Polybia ,Hymenoptera ,Biology ,Social Environment ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Nest ,medicine ,Animals ,Social Behavior ,Mushroom Bodies ,Paper wasp ,Communication ,Neuronal Plasticity ,Behavior, Animal ,Vespidae ,business.industry ,fungi ,Dendrites ,biology.organism_classification ,Brood ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Exploratory Behavior ,Female ,business ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Adult workers of some social insect species show dramatic behavioral changes as they pass through a sequence of task specializations. In the paper wasp, Polybia aequatorialis, female workers begin adult life within the nest tending brood, progress to maintaining and defending the nest exterior, and ultimately leave the nest to forage. The mushroom body (MB) calyx neuropil increases in volume as workers progress from in-nest to foraging tasks. In other social Hymenoptera (bees and ants), MB Kenyon cell dendrites, axons and synapses change with the transition to foraging, but these neuronal effects had not been studied in wasps. Furthermore, the on-nest worker of Polybia wasps, an intermediate task specialization not identified in bees or ants, provides the opportunity to study pre-foraging worker class transitions. We asked whether Kenyon cell dendritic arborization varies with the task specialization of Polybia workers observed in the field near Monteverde, Costa Rica. Golgi-impregnated arbors in the lip and collar calyces, which receive a predominance of olfactory and visual input, respectively, were quantified using Sholl's concentric circles and a novel application of virtual spherical probes. Arbors of the lip varied in a manner reminiscent of honeybees, with foragers having the largest and in-nest workers having the smallest arbors. In contrast, arbors of the collar were largest in foragers but smallest in on-nest workers. Thus, progression through task specializations in P. aequatorialis involves subregion specific dendritic growth and regression in the MB neuropil. These results may reflect the sensitivity of Kenyon cell dendritic structure to specialization dependent social and sensory experience.
- Published
- 2009
75. Neuroscience approach for management and entrepreneurship: a bibliometric analysis
- Author
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Cucino, Valentina, Passarelli, Mariacarmela, Di Minin, Alberto, and Cariola, Alfio
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
76. The contribution of cause-effect link to representing the core of scientific paper—The role of Semantic Link Network.
- Author
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Cao, Mengyun, Sun, Xiaoping, and Zhuge, Hai
- Subjects
- *
COMPLEXITY (Philosophy) , *CAUSATION (Philosophy) , *SEMANTICS , *RESEARCH , *PHILOSOPHY - Abstract
The Semantic Link Network is a general semantic model for modeling the structure and the evolution of complex systems. Various semantic links play different roles in rendering the semantics of complex system. One of the basic semantic links represents cause-effect relation, which plays an important role in representation and understanding. This paper verifies the role of the Semantic Link Network in representing the core of text by investigating the contribution of cause-effect link to representing the core of scientific papers. Research carries out with the following steps: (1) Two propositions on the contribution of cause-effect link in rendering the core of paper are proposed and verified through a statistical survey, which shows that the sentences on cause-effect links cover about 65% of key words within each paper on average. (2) An algorithm based on syntactic patterns is designed for automatically extracting cause-effect link from scientific papers, which recalls about 70% of manually annotated cause-effect links on average, indicating that the result adapts to the scale of data sets. (3) The effects of cause-effect link on four schemes of incorporating cause-effect link into the existing instances of the Semantic Link Network for enhancing the summarization of scientific papers are investigated. The experiments show that the quality of the summaries is significantly improved, which verifies the role of semantic links. The significance of this research lies in two aspects: (1) it verifies that the Semantic Link Network connects the important concepts to render the core of text; and, (2) it provides an evidence for realizing content services such as summarization, recommendation and question answering based on the Semantic Link Network, and it can inspire relevant research on content computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
77. Information presentation through a head-worn display (“smart glasses”) has a smaller influence on the temporal structure of gait variability during dual-task gait compared to handheld displays (paper-based system and smartphone).
- Author
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Sedighi, Alireza, Ulman, Sophia M., and Nussbaum, Maury A.
- Subjects
- *
GAIT in humans , *MOTOR ability , *PHYSICAL activity , *STANDARD deviations , *ENTROPY - Abstract
The need to complete multiple tasks concurrently is a common occurrence both daily life and in occupational activities, which can often include simultaneous cognitive and physical demands. As one example, there is increasing availability of head-worn display technologies that can be employed when a user is mobile (e.g., while walking). This new method of information presentation may, however, introduce risks of adverse outcomes such as a decrement to gait performance. The goal of this study was thus to quantify the effects of a head-worn display (i.e., smart glasses) on motor variability during gait and to compare these effects with those of other common information displays (i.e., smartphone and paper-based system). Twenty participants completed four walking conditions, as a single task and in three dual-task conditions (three information displays). In the dual-task conditions, the information display was used to present several cognitive tasks. Three different measures were used to quantify variability in gait parameters for each walking condition (using the cycle-to-cycle standard deviation, sample entropy, and the “goal-equivalent manifold” approach). Our results indicated that participants used less adaptable gait strategies in dual-task walking using the paper-based system and smartphone conditions compared with single-task walking. Gait performance, however, was less affected during dual-task walking with the smart glasses. We conclude that the risk of an adverse gait event (e.g., a fall) in head-down walking conditions (i.e., the paper-based system and smartphone conditions) were higher than in single-task walking, and that head-worn displays might help reduce the risk of such events during dual-task gait conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
78. Inborn and experience-dependent models of categorical brain organization. A position paper
- Author
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Guido Gainotti
- Subjects
Review Article ,Representation (arts) ,Domains of knowledge hypothesis ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Ategory-specific semantic disorders ,Visual processing ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Sensory-motor model of semantic knowledge ,Inborn models of conceptual representations ,category-specific semantic disorders ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Categorical variable ,Biological Psychiatry ,Simple (philosophy) ,Cognitive science ,Point (typography) ,business.industry ,Interpretation (philosophy) ,Weighting ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Neurology ,Role of experience in the representation of objects ,inborn models of conceptual representations ,Position paper ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Psychology ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The present review aims to summarize the debate in contemporary neuroscience between inborn and experience-dependent models of conceptual representations that goes back to the description of category-specific semantic disorders for biological and artefact categories. Experience-dependent models suggest that categorical disorders are the by-product of the differential weighting of different sources of knowledge in the representation of biological and artefact categories. These models maintain that semantic disorders are not really category-specific, because they do not respect the boundaries between different categories. They also argue that the brain structures disrupted in a given type of category-specific semantic disorder should correspond to the areas of convergence of the sensory-motor information which play a major role in the construction of that category. Furthermore, they provide a simple interpretation of gender-related categorical effects and are supported by studies that have assessed the importance of prior experience in the cortical representation of objects On the other hand, inborn models maintain that category-specific semantic disorders reflect the disruption of innate brain networks, which are shaped by natural selection to allow rapid identification of objects that are very relevant for survival. From the empirical point of view, these models are mainly supported by observations made in blind subjects, which suggest that visual experience is not necessary for the emergence of category-specificity in the ventral stream of visual processing. The weight of data supporting experience-dependent and inborn models are thoroughly discussed, stressing the fact observations made in blind subjects are still the subject of intense debate, but concluding that at the present state of knowledge it is not possible to choose between experience-dependent and inborn models of conceptual representations.
- Published
- 2015
79. (IMCS First Place Best Paper Award) Local Hypoxia System as a Sensing Interface of Cellular Responses
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Elizabeth A. H. Hall, Balazs V. Varga, Joseph Jo Yin Wong, and Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir
- Subjects
Materials science ,Interface (computing) ,medicine ,Hypoxia (medical) ,medicine.symptom ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Oxygen concentration is one of the critical factors tightly controlled in each part of an organism to regulate the cells’ role and function. Yet, changes in tissue oxygenation often occur in small focal areas with aging or as a result of an injury. Despite the serious health implications of focal hypoxia, no methodologies exist that can model oxygen supply system accordingly in animal models or in vitro models. Therefore, we designed a novel local hypoxia system as a sensing interface for in vitro cell culture. The oxygen removal efficiencies measured by Clark electrodes showed that O2 concentration can be reduced from 20.9% / 140mmHg or 5% / 35mmHg and maintained at hypoxia (< 1.5% / 10mmHg) in 15 or 8 minutes respectively, compared with 3 hours needed by conventional incubator and hypoxic chambers. The induced hypoxia stimulated localized time-dependent HIF-1α transcription factor nuclear accumulation at the region of interest on human neural progenitor cells. This new culture system can robustly generate a hypoxia gradient in the same culture dish for the first time and provides the opportunity to decipher the impact of focal hypoxia, the function of localised oxygen homeostasis and the pathophysiology of multiple diseases.
- Published
- 2021
80. Research Paper: The Modulatory Role of Orexin 1 Receptor in CA1 on Orofacial Pain-induced Learning and Memory Deficits in Rats
- Author
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Razieh Kooshki, Mehdi Abbasnejad, Maryam Raoof, and Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Orofacial pain ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,Morris water navigation task ,CA1 ,Learning and memory ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Orexin-A ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Memory impairment ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Orexin 1 Receptor ,Clinical neuroscience ,Orexin ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Capsaicin ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Introduction: Cognitive impairment is commonly associated with pain. The modulatory role of orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) in pain pathways as well as learning and memory processes is reported in several studies. The current study was designed to investigate the possible role of CA1-hippocampal OX1R on spatial learning and memory of rats following capsaicin-induced orofacial pain. Methods: Orofacial pain was induced by subcutaneous intra lip injection of capsaicin (100 μg). CA1 administration of orexin A and its selective antagonist (SB-334867-A) were performed 20 minutes prior to capsaicin injection. Learning and spatial memory performances were assessed by Morris Water Maze (MWM) task. Results: Capsaicin treated rats showed impairment in spatial learning and memory. In addition, pretreatment with orexin A (20 and 40 nM/rat) significantly attenuated learning and memory impairment in capsaicin-treated rats. Conversely, blockage of OX1R via SB-334867-A (40 and 80 nM/rat) significantly exaggerated learning and memory loss in capsaicin-treated rats. Conclusion: The obtained results indicated that CA1 OX1R may be involved in modulation of capsaicin –induced spatial learning and memory impairment.
- Published
- 2017
81. Research Paper: The Anti-Parkinsonism Effects of KATP Channel Blockade in the 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Animal Model: The Role of Oxidative Stress
- Author
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Hashem Haghdoost-Yazdi, Abbas Azadmehr, Hossein Piri, Negin Fraidouni, Tahereh Dargahi, and Mohamadhosein Yaghoubidoust
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,B vitamins ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Neuroprotection ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Glibenclamide ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Malondialdehyde ,medicine ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Hydroxydopamine ,business.industry ,Parkinsonism ,Neurotoxicity ,medicine.disease ,Parkinson disease ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,nervous system ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Neuroscience ,6-Hydroxydopamine ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Oxidative stress ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Introduction: Studies suggest that ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are a potential pharmacotherapeutic target for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of pretreatment with glibenclamide (Glib) and B vitamins supplement on the severity of behavioral symptoms in 6-hydroxydopamine (OHDA)-induced Parkinsonism. Also malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was measured in the blood and brain suspensions to find probable neuroprotective mechanism of Glib. Methods: The 6-OHDA was injected into striatum of rats by stereotaxic surgery. Treatment with Glib and B vitamins was started before the surgery and continued up to 3 weeks after that. Development and severity of Parkinsonism were evaluated by conventional behavioral tests. MDA values were measured spectrophotometrically using thiobarbituric acid and MDA standard curve. Results: Pretreatments with Glib, at both doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg or B vitamins significantly ameliorated severity of the behavioral symptoms. Pretreatment with a combination of Glib and B vitamins was more effective than pretreatment with Glib or B vitamins alone. Also, pretreatment with B vitamins, Glib, or a combination of them reduced MDA concentration in the brain suspensions. Decrease in MDA concentration in the group of rats that received a combination of B vitamins and Glib was more prominent than that of the Glib groups. Conclusion: As severity of the behavioral symptoms in the 6-OHDA-induced Parkinsonism reflects the degree of the lesion in Substantia Nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons, it is suggested that Glib pretreatment has neuroprotective effect against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. The current study data also showed that this effect may be mediated by antioxidant effect of Glib.
- Published
- 2017
82. Research Paper: Cross State-dependent Learning Interaction Between Scopolamine and Morphine in Mice: The Role of Dorsal Hippocampus
- Author
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Morteza Maleki, Majid Navaeian, and Majid Hassanpour-Ezatti
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,education ,Scopolamine ,Amnesia ,Dependency ,Pharmacology ,Hippocampal formation ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ,medicine ,CA1 region ,Hippocampal ,Receptor ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Clinical neuroscience ,Morphine ,030104 developmental biology ,Opioid ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Introduction: The current study aimed at investigating the existence of the cross state-dependent learning between morphine and scopolamine (SCO) in mice by passive avoidance method, pointing to the role of CA1 area. Methods: The effects of pre-training SCO (0.75, 1.5, and 3 μg, Intra-CA1), or morphine (1, 3, and 6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) was evaluated on the retrieval of passive avoidance learning using step-down task in mice (n=10). Then, the effect of pretest administration of morphine (1.5, 3, and 6 mg/kg, i.p.) was examined on passive avoidance retrieval impairment induced by pre-training SCO (3 μg/mice, Intra-CA1). Next, the effect of pretest Intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine (0.75, 1.5, and 3 μg/mice) was evaluated on morphine (6 mg/kg, i.p.) pre-training deficits in this task in mice. Results: The pre-training Intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine (1.5 and 3 μg/mouse), or morphine (3 and 6 mg/kg, i.p.) impaired the avoidance memory retrieval when it was tested 24 hours later. Pretest injection of both drugs improved its pre-training impairing effects on mice memory. Moreover, the amnesia induced by the pre-training injections of scopolamine (3 μg/mice) was restored significantly (P
- Published
- 2017
83. Research Paper: The Impact of Synovial NF-ĸB Activation on Apoptosis Pattern Change During Adjuvant-induced Inflammation
- Author
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Homa Manaheji, Sahar Golabi, and Jalal Zaringhalam
- Subjects
Knee arthritis ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Arthritis ,Inflammation ,Apoptosis ,NF-ĸB ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Edema ,Medicine ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,business.industry ,NF-κB ,medicine.disease ,Synovial membrane ,Pathophysiology ,Complete Freund’s Adjuvant ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Introduction: Apoptosis dysregulation plays a substantial role in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation and its related symptoms such as edema. Regulation of NF-ĸB activation is involved in apoptosis pattern change. The current study aimed at verifying the effects of local inflammation on edema and changes in apoptotic markers, and investigating the possible role of NF-ĸB in apoptosis pattern change during different stages of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced knee arthritis in rats. Methods: A total of 96 male Wistar rats were divided into different experimental groups. Arthritis was evoked into the right knee articular joint. Changes made in knee edema were assessed by caliper on the days 0, 7, 14, and 21 of the study. Synovial NF-ĸB and levels of apoptotic markers were evaluated during different stages of the study using Western blot technique. Results: CFA injection caused intense edema during the whole study period. Synovial NF-ĸB level increased during the whole study period. The level of apoptotic markers increased during the acute phase of study. But during chronic phase, the apoptosis level decreased. Inh-NF-ĸB administration increased synovial apoptosis during the whole study period. Conclusion: It seems that apoptosis pattern change plays an important role in the progression and modulation of CFA-induced inflammation and its related symptoms. Also, it can be concluded that synovial NF-ĸB had a crucial role in synovial apoptosis change during the study period.
- Published
- 2017
84. A Review Paper on Brain Tumor Segmentation and Detection
- Author
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Priya Patil, Arjun Nichal, Sunayna Patil, and Seema Pawar
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Computer science ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,02 engineering and technology ,Brain tumor segmentation ,01 natural sciences ,Neuroscience ,010305 fluids & plasmas - Published
- 2017
85. Review Paper: Role of Nitric Oxide on Dopamine Release and Morphine-Dependency
- Author
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Amir Arash Motahari, Hedayat Sahraei, and Gholam Hossein Meftahi
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Opioid ,Pharmacology ,Nucleus accumbens ,Nitric oxide ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Limbic system ,Dopamine ,medicine ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Sensitization ,biology ,business.industry ,Amygdala ,Ventral tegmental area ,Nitric oxide synthase ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The catastrophic effects of opioids use on public health and the economy are documented clearly in numerous studies. Repeated morphine administration can lead to either a decrease (tolerance) or an increase (sensitization) in its behavioral and rewarding effects. Morphine-induced sensitization is a major problem and plays an important role in abuse of the opioid drugs. Studies reported that morphine may exert its effects by the release of nitric oxide (NO). NO is a potent neuromodulator, which is produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). However, the exact role of NO in the opioid-induced sensitization is unknown. In this study, we reviewed the role of NO on opioid-induced sensitization in 2 important, rewarding regions of the brain: nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmentum. In addition, we focused on the contribution of NO on opioid-induced sensitization in the limbic system.
- Published
- 2016
86. Empathic gaze: a study of human resource professionals
- Author
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Lambert, Steve, Dimitriadis, Nikolaos, Venerucci, Matteo, and Taylor, Mike
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
87. Response to the Letter from Garcia-Montojo and colleagues concerning our paper entitled, Quantitative analysis of human endogenous retrovirus-K transcripts in postmortem premotor cortex fails to confirm elevated expression of HERV-K RNA in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Author
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Jeremy A. Garson, Adele L. McCormick, Louise Usher, Edmund F. Day, Ammar Al-Chalabi, and Jim F. Huggett
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Human endogenous retrovirus ,RT-qPCR ,Endogenous retrovirus ,RNA ,Biology ,Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ,Human endogenous retroviruses ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:RC346-429 ,HERV-K ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Premotor cortex ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Human endogenous retrovirus K ,Neurology (clinical) ,Neuroscience ,lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,Motor cortex - Published
- 2019
88. The Anatomical Record Continues Its Fascination with the Bridges of the Nervous System in Our Thematic Papers Issue on Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair
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Jeffrey T. Laitman and Kurt H. Albertine
- Subjects
Nervous system ,Histology ,business.industry ,Nerve Regeneration ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Peripheral Nerve Injuries ,Peripheral nerve injury ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Peripheral Nerves ,Anatomy ,business ,Neuroscience ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2019
89. Selected Papers from CUBANNI 2017—'The Fourth International Workshop of Neuroimmunology'
- Author
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Maria De los Angeles Robinson Agramonte, Carlos Alberto Gonçalves, and Dario Siniscalco
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Epilepsy ,Neuroimmunology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,medicine ,Autism ,Electroencephalography ,medicine.disease ,Psychology ,Neuroscience - Published
- 2019
90. Task Force Paper On Cerebellar Transplantation: Are We Ready to Treat Cerebellar Disorders with Cell Therapy?
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Mario Manto, Lorenzo Magrassi, Frantisek Vozeh, Annalisa Buffo, Hiroshi Mitoma, Rachel M. Sherrard, Jan Cendelin, and Hirokazu Hirai
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Cerebellum ,Neurology ,Central nervous system ,Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ,Disease ,Stem cells ,050105 experimental psychology ,Cell therapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cerebellar Diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Cerebellar disorder ,Neurotransplantation ,Cerebellar reserve ,Ataxias ,Task force ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Transplantation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Restoration of damaged central nervous system structures, functional recovery, and prevention of neuronal loss during neurodegenerative diseases are major objectives in cerebellar research. The highly organized anatomical structure of the cerebellum with numerous inputs/outputs, the complexity of cerebellar functions, and the large spectrum of cerebellar ataxias render therapies of cerebellar disorders highly challenging. There are currently several therapeutic approaches including motor rehabilitation, neuroprotective drugs, non-invasive cerebellar stimulation, molecularly based therapy targeting pathogenesis of the disease, and neurotransplantation. We discuss the goals and possible beneficial mechanisms of transplantation therapy for cerebellar damage and its limitations and factors determining outcome.
- Published
- 2019
91. The Impact of Adduction of Folding Paper Stages for Children’s Fine Motor Skills
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Puput Puspita Sari, Sri Widayati, and Nurhenti Dorlina Simatupang
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Folding (DSP implementation) ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Fine motor - Published
- 2019
92. Ten simple rules for collaboratively writing a multi-authored paper.
- Author
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Frassl, Marieke A., Hamilton, David P., Denfeld, Blaize A., de Eyto, Elvira, Hampton, Stephanie E., Keller, Philipp S., Sharma, Sapna, Lewis, Abigail S. L., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., O’Reilly, Catherine M., Lofton, Mary E., and Catalán, Núria
- Subjects
AUTHORSHIP collaboration ,COLLABORATIVE learning ,ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (Academic dissertations) ,INFORMATION resources management ,GROUP work in research - Abstract
An editorial is presented which discusses the collaborative writing with multiple authors which has additional challenges including varied levels of engagement of coauthors, provision of fair credit through authorship or acknowledgements and acceptance of diversity of work styles. Also discussed are the 10 simple rules for collaboratively writing a multi-authored paper which include to build a writing team wisely; to create a data management plan and to jointly decide on authorship guidelines.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
93. The 100 Most Cited Papers Concerning the Insular Cortex of the Brain: A Bibliometric Analysis
- Author
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Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- Subjects
insula of Reil ,Bibliometric analysis ,brain ,Insular cortex ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Multiple modalities ,publications ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Brain function ,Biological Psychiatry ,bibliometric ,Normal anatomy ,neurosciences ,Online database ,Linguistics ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Neurology ,insular cortex ,Systematic Review ,Citation ,Psychology ,Insula ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Background: The insula is one of the most researched brain regions with many highly cited papers. However, unlike the literature of other fields, there is currently no study that has identified the 100 most cited papers within the literature of the insula. The aim of the current study was to fill in the knowledge gap by determining which publications concerning the insula have been cited most often, who contributed to them, and what topics they were dealing with. Methods: The Web of Science online database was searched to identify the 100 most cited publications mentioning the insular cortex in their titles, abstracts or keywords. To systematically exclude irrelevant publications, the search strategy was finalized as: TS = (insula OR insular OR "island of Reil") NOT TS = ("insular biogeography" OR "insular mammal*" OR "*insular lymphatic*") NOT WC = ("Geochemistry and Geophysics" OR "Ecology"). The identified publications were sorted in descending order of citation count. The 100 most cited publications concerning the insula of the brain were identified and their bibliometric data was extracted and assessed. The VOSviewer software was used with default parameters to generate a bubble map that analyzes and visualizes the words/phrases used in the titles and abstracts of the publications. Results: There were 67 articles on experiments/lab studies and 33 meta-analyses/reviews but no opinion or methods paper. They had an average of 943.4 citations (or 62.9 citations per year), 93.5 references and 13.4 pages. There were 35 papers published in open access. USA was the major contributing country. The most top-ranked publications were concerning emotion, salience and pain. Conclusion: Two-thirds of the publications concerned the normal brain function/mechanism (n = 67), whereas 20 publications concerned disease/therapeutic intervention and another 13 concerned normal anatomy. For the 67 original articles, 57 used human subjects whereas 10 used animal models. MRI was the commonest modality (n = 37), followed by PET (n = 16). Nine articles investigated by histology, two by multiple modalities and three by other modality.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
94. The contribution of cause-effect link to representing the core of scientific paper—The role of Semantic Link Network
- Author
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Xiaoping Sun, Mengyun Cao, and Hai Zhuge
- Subjects
Semantic link ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Lexical semantics ,Computer science ,Science ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social Sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Semantic data model ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Systems Science ,Automation ,Sociology ,020204 information systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Question answering ,Psychology ,Syntax ,lcsh:Science ,Data Curation ,Language ,Grammar ,Multidisciplinary ,Information retrieval ,Applied Mathematics ,Simulation and Modeling ,Research ,lcsh:R ,Publications ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Linguistics ,Complex Systems ,Reasoning ,Automatic summarization ,Semantics ,Lexical Semantics ,Social Networks ,Physical Sciences ,Cognitive Science ,lcsh:Q ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Mathematics ,Algorithms ,Network Analysis ,Research Article ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The Semantic Link Network is a general semantic model for modeling the structure and the evolution of complex systems. Various semantic links play different roles in rendering the semantics of complex system. One of the basic semantic links represents cause-effect relation, which plays an important role in representation and understanding. This paper verifies the role of the Semantic Link Network in representing the core of text by investigating the contribution of cause-effect link to representing the core of scientific papers. Research carries out with the following steps: (1) Two propositions on the contribution of cause-effect link in rendering the core of paper are proposed and verified through a statistical survey, which shows that the sentences on cause-effect links cover about 65% of key words within each paper on average. (2) An algorithm based on syntactic patterns is designed for automatically extracting cause-effect link from scientific papers, which recalls about 70% of manually annotated cause-effect links on average, indicating that the result adapts to the scale of data sets. (3) The effects of cause-effect link on four schemes of incorporating cause-effect link into the existing instances of the Semantic Link Network for enhancing the summarization of scientific papers are investigated. The experiments show that the quality of the summaries is significantly improved, which verifies the role of semantic links. The significance of this research lies in two aspects: (1) it verifies that the Semantic Link Network connects the important concepts to render the core of text; and, (2) it provides an evidence for realizing content services such as summarization, recommendation and question answering based on the Semantic Link Network, and it can inspire relevant research on content computing.
- Published
- 2018
95. Information presentation through a head-worn display ('smart glasses') has a smaller influence on the temporal structure of gait variability during dual-task gait compared to handheld displays (paper-based system and smartphone)
- Author
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Alireza, Sedighi, Sophia M, Ulman, and Maury A, Nussbaum
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Physiology ,Vision ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Equipment ,Social Sciences ,Walking ,Young Adult ,Cognition ,Neuropsychology ,Ocular System ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Humans ,Psychology ,Gait ,Neuropsychological Testing ,Communication Equipment ,Arithmetic ,Biological Locomotion ,Cognitive Neurology ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Neurology ,Stroop Test ,Physical Sciences ,Engineering and Technology ,Cognitive Science ,Eyes ,Female ,Sensory Perception ,Smartphone ,Cell Phones ,Anatomy ,Gait Analysis ,Head ,Psychomotor Performance ,Mathematics ,Research Article ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The need to complete multiple tasks concurrently is a common occurrence both daily life and in occupational activities, which can often include simultaneous cognitive and physical demands. As one example, there is increasing availability of head-worn display technologies that can be employed when a user is mobile (e.g., while walking). This new method of information presentation may, however, introduce risks of adverse outcomes such as a decrement to gait performance. The goal of this study was thus to quantify the effects of a head-worn display (i.e., smart glasses) on motor variability during gait and to compare these effects with those of other common information displays (i.e., smartphone and paper-based system). Twenty participants completed four walking conditions, as a single task and in three dual-task conditions (three information displays). In the dual-task conditions, the information display was used to present several cognitive tasks. Three different measures were used to quantify variability in gait parameters for each walking condition (using the cycle-to-cycle standard deviation, sample entropy, and the “goal-equivalent manifold” approach). Our results indicated that participants used less adaptable gait strategies in dual-task walking using the paper-based system and smartphone conditions compared with single-task walking. Gait performance, however, was less affected during dual-task walking with the smart glasses. We conclude that the risk of an adverse gait event (e.g., a fall) in head-down walking conditions (i.e., the paper-based system and smartphone conditions) were higher than in single-task walking, and that head-worn displays might help reduce the risk of such events during dual-task gait conditions.
- Published
- 2017
96. Perceptions of scientific research literature and strategies for reading papers depend on academic career stage
- Author
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Sonja D. Dunbar and Katharine E. Hubbard
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Science and Technology Workforce ,Economics ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social Sciences ,Scientific literature ,Surveys ,Careers in Research ,Graduates ,Professional Competence ,Reading (process) ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Psychology ,lcsh:Science ,media_common ,Language ,Multidisciplinary ,Careers ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Professions ,Research Design ,Workforce ,Educational Status ,Primary research ,Research Article ,Employment ,Science Policy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,MEDLINE ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Biological Science Disciplines ,Likert scale ,03 medical and health sciences ,Perception ,Humans ,Students ,Medical education ,Survey Research ,Interpretation (philosophy) ,lcsh:R ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,United Kingdom ,030104 developmental biology ,Reading ,Labor Economics ,People and Places ,Cognitive Science ,Scientists ,lcsh:Q ,Population Groupings ,0503 education ,Undergraduates ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Reading primary research literature is an essential skill for all scientists and students on science degree programmes, however little is known about how researchers at different career stages interact with and interpret scientific papers. To explore this, we conducted a survey of 260 undergraduate students and researchers in Biological Sciences at a research intensive UK university. Responses to Likert scale questions demonstrated increases in confidence and skill with reading the literature between individuals at each career stage, including between postdoctoral researchers and faculty academics. The survey indicated that individuals at different career stages valued different sections of scientific papers, and skill in reading the results section develops slowly over the course of an academic career. Inexperienced readers found the methods and results sections of research papers the most difficult to read, and undervalued the importance of the results section and critical interpretation of data. These data highlight a need for structured support with reading scientific literature at multiple career stages, and for senior academics to be aware that junior colleagues may prioritise their reading differently. We propose a model for the development of literature processing skills, and consider the need for training strategies to help inexperienced readers engage with primary literature, and therefore develop important skills that underpin scientific careers. We also encourage researchers to be mindful of language used when writing papers, and to be more inclusive of diverse audiences when disseminating their work.
- Published
- 2017
97. Readability of the 100 Most-Cited Neuroimaging Papers Assessed by Common Readability Formulae
- Author
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Andy Wai Kan Yeung, W. Keung Leung, and Tazuko K. Goto
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Bibliometrics ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mathematical equations ,Neuroimaging ,Reading (process) ,medicine ,Medical physics ,030212 general & internal medicine ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Biological Psychiatry ,media_common ,Original Research ,neuroimaging ,Impact factor ,neurosciences ,information science ,Readability ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Neurology ,Index (publishing) ,readability ,bibliometrics ,Citation ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Background: From time to time, neuroimaging research findings receive press coverage and attention by the general public. Scientific articles therefore should be written in a readable manner to facilitate knowledge translation and dissemination. However, no published readability report on neuroimaging articles like those published in education, medical and marketing journals is available. As a start, this study therefore aimed to evaluate the readability of the most-cited neuroimaging articles.Methods: The 100 most-cited articles in neuroimaging identified in a recent study by Kim et al. (2016) were evaluated. Headings, mathematical equations, tables, figures, footnotes, appendices, and reference lists were trimmed from the articles. The rest was processed for number of characters, words and sentences. Five readability indices that indicate the school grade appropriate for that reading difficulty (Automated Readability Index, Coleman-Liau Index, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning Fog index and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook index) were computed. An average reading grade level (AGL) was calculated by taking the mean of these five indices. The Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) score was also computed. The readability of the trimmed abstracts and full texts was evaluated against number of authors, country of corresponding author, total citation count, normalized citation count, article type, publication year, impact factor of the year published and type of journal.Results: Mean AGL ± standard deviation (SD) of the trimmed abstracts and full texts were 17.15 ± 2.81 (college graduate level) and 14.22 ± 1.66 (college level) respectively. Mean FRE score ± SD of the abstracts and full texts were 15.70 ± 14.11 (college graduate level) and 32.11 ± 8.56 (college level) respectively. Both items indicated that the full texts were significantly more readable than the abstracts (p < 0.001). Abstract readability was not associated with any factors under investigation. ANCOVAs showed that review/meta-analysis (mean AGL ± SD: 16.0 ± 1.4) and higher impact factor significantly associated with lower readability of the trimmed full texts surveyed.Conclusion: Concerning the 100 most-cited articles in neuroimaging, the full text appears to be more readable than the abstracts. Experimental articles and methodology papers were more readable than reviews/meta-analyses. Articles published in journals with higher impact factors were less readable.
- Published
- 2018
98. The Paper that Restarted Modern Central Nervous System Axon Regeneration Research
- Author
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James W. Fawcett
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Central Nervous System ,Central nervous system ,Biology ,Inhibitory postsynaptic potential ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Peripheral Nervous System ,medicine ,Animals ,Trauma, Nervous System ,Axon ,Spinal cord injury ,Spinal Cord Injuries ,General Neuroscience ,Regeneration (biology) ,Spinal cord ,medicine.disease ,Axons ,Nerve Regeneration ,Rats ,Axon tracing ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Peripheral nervous system ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Spinal cord repair research appeared to have run out of new ideas in the 1970s. In a 1981 paper, the Aguayo Laboratory revisited an experiment by Tello and Cajal that suggested that central nervous system (CNS) axons could regenerate into peripheral nerve grafts. Using modern axon tracing methods, David and Aguayo showed that axons from neurons in the spinal cord could regenerate for long distances within peripheral nervous system (PNS) grafts, but not back into the CNS. This proved that damaged CNS tissue is inhibitory to axon regeneration while PNS tissue is permissive. The experiment sparked a research revival, leading to the identification of many inhibitory molecules that block axon growth in the mature CNS.
- Published
- 2018
99. Neurophysiological responses to robot–human interactions in retail stores
- Author
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Rancati, Gaia and Maggioni, Isabella
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
100. A history of theories of decision-making and technologies for observation in the service of marketing
- Author
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Penrod, Joshua M.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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