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We know that ET can improve the outcomes of neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia, and once the ET indication is reached, ET should be administered as early as possible. Keywords: acute bilirubin encephalopathy; hyperbilirubinemia; exchange transfusion; cerebral palsy; neurodevelopmental outcomes EN acute bilirubin encephalopathy hyperbilirubinemia exchange transfusion cerebral palsy neurodevelopmental outcomes 257 264 8 09/07/22 20220701 NES 220701 Conflict of Interest None declared. [2][6][7] Even though much progress has been achieved in hyperbilirubinemia screening and different treatment strategies, such as increased use of phototherapy, intravenous infusion of immunoglobulin, and exchange transfusion (ET), there are still reports of newly diagnosed ABE and kernicterus cases in different areas of the world, especially in developing countries. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: To determine the efficacy and the prognostic value of amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) in term and near‐term neonates with high risk of neurological sequelae. Methods: Infants of ≥35 weeks of gestation diagnosed with neonatal encephalopathy or with high risk of brain injury were included. All eligible infants underwent aEEG within 6 h after clinical assessment. The infants were followed up 12 months to evaluate neurological development. Results: A total of 250 infants were eligible, of which 85 had normal aEEG, 81 had mildly abnormal aEEG, and 84 had severely abnormal aEEG. Of these infants, 168 were diagnosed with different neonatal encephalopathies, 27 with congenital or metabolic diseases, and 55 with high risk of brain injury. In all, 22 infants died, 19 were lost to follow‐up, and 209 completed the follow‐up at 12 months, of which 62 were diagnosed with a neurological disability. Statistical analysis showed that severely abnormal aEEG predicted adverse neurological outcome with a sensitivity of 70.2%, a specificity of 87.1%, a positive predictive value of 75.6%, and a negative predictive value of 83.7%. Interpretation: aEEG can predict adverse outcomes in high‐risk neonates and is a useful method for monitoring neonates with high risk of adverse neurological outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]