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Main objective of this diploma thesis is to analyze the business cycle in USA, Germany and Czech Republic in years 2005 -- 2014 and evaluate impacts on each economy and particularly on labor markets. Work contains circumstances of beginning of the world economic downturn, which hit the world economy during those years, impacts of the crisis on each economy and analysis of the stimulus packages passed by both central governments and central banks. Analysis and comparsion is made by monitoring the development of main macroeconomic indicators such as GDP growth, rate of unemployment and employment, public debt or inflation. Conclusion is that German labor market was struck the least of the three countries and it didnt suffer from high rates of unemployment or decrease of employment. That was achieved mostly because optimal labor market reforms which were done before the beginning of the crisis.

This bachelor's thesis examines the Phillips curve from a few different points of view. It shows the econometric method that was used to construct the Phillips curve and explains why, from Austrian School of economics' point of view, this method isn't a valid approach to examining the nature of human action. It explains the connection between money supply and price level and discusses consequences of monetary expansion. Using the Austrian business cycle theory it explains the true relationship between rate of inflation and rate of unemployment and argues that in the long run, this relationship is positive. This hypothesis is also supported by empiric observation using Niskanen's model of the Phillips curve.

The basic question of this thesis was the relationship between the business cycle and the cinema attendance in the Czech Republic. Other questions are the effect of technological advances, household income and the impact of substitutes and complements to attendance. Similar questions have already examined several papers in different countries, but the results are not identical. The benefit of this work is examining the Czech industry, which from an economic point of view is not analyzed too often. The first part describes the relevant theories: the theory of the business cycle theory, theory of the consumer and demand. Another part contains a description of the analyzed sector, its historical development and an overview of studies that have worked on this issue. Following are two models: the first examining a total annual cinema attendance (1993 - 2013) and the second model focused on the average attendance per projection). In both models was studied cinema attendance dependence on the cyclical component of the unemployment rate and other variables. In both cases, the results suggest that attendance is procyclical. The amount of real wages has a positive impact on attendance. The impact of technological advances on the contrary negative.

Bachelor theses examine the impact of economic factors on suicides in the Czech republic. Economic factors were included a gross domestic product per capita and an unemployment. The gross domestic product showed an indirect dependence on a suicide rate. On the contrary, the unemployment showed a direct dependence on the suicide rate. Other variables affected suicides were a birth rate and a divorce rate. The divorce rate and the birth rate showed the same dependence as the unemployment. The birth rate showed opossite values than was assumption. The relationship between a consumption of alcohol and the suicide rate was not proved and the relationship between a migration rate and the suicide rate was also not proved. This bachelor theses confirmed the influence of economic factors on the suicide rate. The results can be specified by extending of time series.

The thesis focuses on the issue of individuals' preferences regarding the acquisition of a child during the business cycle expressed in unemployment rates for men and women. Fixed effects model involving robust estimates of standard deviations on a panel dataset tested for the period 1980-2012 confirmed the significance of the relationship between sex-specific unemployment rates and fertility rate of the United States of America. The results of the analysis show a negative relationship documenting pro-cyclical nature of the fertility. There is a less willingness of couples to conceive a child with the growth in unemployment. It does not show the prevalence of substitution effect of reducing opprtunity costs for women during the recession over the effect of reduction in income. Among other statistically significant variables that affect fertility belong the degree of attainment of university education, the poverty rate and abortion rate.

The thesis analyzes the impact of the business cycle (represented by unemployment rate) on health (represented by mortality rates). Regression analysis has been done on panel data for 20 European countries from 2000 to 2007. Using fixed effects method with inclusion of robust errors, confirms a statistically significant effect of business cycle on 3 specific mortality rates. I reveal, that increase in growth rate of unemployment by 1% point is associated with 1,4% decrease in growth rate of mortality due to liver disease, 1,4 decrease in growth rate of mortality due to traffic accident and 1,7 increase in growth rate of mortality due to suicide. This confirms the hypothesis about the short-term positive impact of economic downturn on human health, with suicide as an important exception.

This paper investigates how aggregate fertility responds to business cycle fluctuations and attempts to quantify this effect. The results of a first differences regression analysis on a 2003 to 2010 panel data sample of 31 member states of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development indicate procyclical fertility behavior over the business cycle. Ceteris paribus, a one percentage point increase in the general unemployment rate decreases the crude birth rate by 0.054. Tertiary educational attainment of the labor force, the average wage, the female-to-male wage ratio and the marriage and divorce rates are all positively related to fertility, while the employment rate of women exerts a fertility-depressing effect.

This diploma thesis investigates the relationship between the business cycle and the alcohol consumption by using aggregate data for Czech Republic and constituent regions of Czech Republic in the period 1994-2011. The key question of this study is whether alcohol consumption is pro-cyclical or counter-cyclical. This question was asked in many works (Ruhm, Black, 2002). Unlike American studies, in which alcohol consumption is pro-cyclical, my study shows that the decrease of economic conditions has resulted in increased alcohol consumption in society and therefore indicates to me counter-cyclical. I also found that the divorce has a positive effect on alcohol consumption, while the real price has a negative effect.

This work deals with the question whether the economic cycle affects mortality in the Czech Republic. The first part describes already existing studies of this topic. Then there are the possibilities of the business cycle effect on the population health and development of this cycle in the period 1921--1937 and 1994--2010. The following part lists the data that are used for the influence analysis of influence of economic cycle on the specific causes of death (alcoholism, diabetes, heart attack, suicide, tuberculosis and motor vehicle accidents). The explanatory variable is unemployment rate. As the other explanatory variables are conveniently chosen control groups of people in the retirement age. After the data stationarization is used the difference-in-differences method for the purpose of gaining the outcomes. The results show the differences between the two periods. Procyclical influence was proven in the first period for alcoholism, heart attack and tuberculosis. In the more recent period was proven anticyclical character of suicides. This direction of influence further appeared by heart attack and motor vehicle accidents, which does not prove the outcomes of other analyses.

The paper tests the hypothesis regarding the assumed relation between economic cycle and mortality caused by road traffic accidents. The analysis has been done using fixed effect regression method on panel data collected in 20 EU member countries between years 1995-2008. The results (with a limited significance) may show that one percentage point decrease of the unemployment rate results in a one percentage increase in the road traffic mortality rate. The effect is caused by the increased traffic intensity as well as by changes in the drivers' behaviour that accompany the economic growth (e.g. higher consumption of alcoholic beverages). The results hint further that the strength of the relation differs for various age categories. The strongest relation between the economic cycle and the mortality was found for the young generation, 15-29 years of age. In this age group, one percentage point decrease in the unemployment rate means 1.77% increase in the road traffic mortality rate.

The thesis finds out how business cycle (expressed as unemployment rate) affects marriage rate. The regression analysis has been done using fixed effects method with inclusion of robust errors on panel data of European Union countries from 2000 to 2010. Analysis confirmed significance of researched relationship. 1% increase in men's unemployment rate is connected with 0, 08% decrease in growth rate of marriage rate, which is caused by decreasing of demand for men because of lower incomes. On the contrary increase of women's unemployment rate about 1 % is connected with 0, 06% increase in growth rate of marriage rate, which indicates confirmation of women's economic independence hypothesis. Other significant variables were ratio of women to working population and income ratio. Whereas an increasing proportion of women in labor population causes decline in growth rate of marriage rate, women's catching up with men's income raises growth rate of marriage rate.

The thesis focuses on fertility development of the Czech and the Slovak Republic during the business cycle expressed in terms of the unemployment rate. The linear regression analysis conducted with the specific panel data of the Czech and the Slovak Republic for the period from 1993 to 2010 proved insignificance of tested relationship. The growth of male unemployment rate by 1 % is associated with 0,005% increase in fertility. Increase in female unemployment rate by 1 % results in an increase in fertility by 0,017%. As can be seen from these results, the fertility of the Czech and the Slovak Republic is counter-cyclical to the economic cycle, which means that the substitution effect decrease in opportunity cost of women during a recession prevails over effects of reduced income. With an increase in both, male and female unemployment increases willingness of individuals to conceive children. Significant variables within this analysis include the marriage rate and intensity of housing, which generally raise the fertility of the Czech and the Slovak Republic in which more children being born in economic crises.

This work answers a question whether there is a relationship between a suicide rate and a real GDP as an indicator of business cycle, and an unemployment rate in the Czech Republic. Some other variables are also used in the analysis, because the suicide rate can be influenced by many other factors. The relationship between the real GDP and the suicide rate was not proved and the relationship between the suicide rate and the unemployment is unclear. But dependence of the suicide rate on the alcohol consumption and a proportion of elderly population were identified.

The financial crisis is a phenomenon that affected almost the whole world in 2008. This thesis deals with issues of the financial crisis in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into several parts. In the first part the financial crisis, its causes, and its course till affecting the Czech Republic is characterized. Furthermore, I assess the impact of the crises on the Czech economy and its development in 2008. In the next part I evaluate the impact of the crisis on the Czech investors in 2008 and I focus on the scope of the Czech National Bank. In the last part I think about solving financial crisis and I think about it, whether the financial crisis has a positive impact on the economy of the State.

The goal of my work is to compare the Great Depression in the USA to the current depression. I would like to compare the causes, development and government actions to fight both these depressions. My work concentrates at the tools which were used to ''save the economy'' in the USA after the economic breakdown in 1929 and also at the results of using these tools. According to the analysis of individual steps of the New Deal I will try to estimate the effectivity of proposed similar measures supposed to fight the current financial crisis in the USA as well as in the European Union and in the Czech Republic.