1. Symbiotic bacteria confer insecticide resistance by metabolizing buprofezin in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).
- Author
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Zeng, Bin, Zhang, Fan, Liu, Ya-Ting, Wu, Shun-Fan, Bass, Chris, and Gao, Cong-Fen
- Subjects
NILAPARVATA lugens ,INSECTICIDES ,INSECTICIDE resistance ,AGRICULTURAL pests ,INSECT pests ,INTEGRATED pest control ,SERRATIA marcescens - Abstract
Buprofezin, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, is widely used to control several economically important insect crop pests. However, the overuse of buprofezin has led to the evolution of resistance and exposed off-target organisms present in agri-environments to this compound. As many as six different strains of bacteria isolated from these environments have been shown to degrade buprofezin. However, whether insects can acquire these buprofezin-degrading bacteria from soil and enhance their own resistance to buprofezin remains unknown. Here we show that field strains of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, have acquired a symbiotic bacteria, occurring naturally in soil and water, that provides them with resistance to buprofezin. We isolated a symbiotic bacterium, Serratia marcescens (Bup_Serratia), from buprofezin-resistant N. lugens and showed it has the capacity to degrade buprofezin. Buprofezin-susceptible N. lugens inoculated with Bup_Serratia became resistant to buprofezin, while antibiotic-treated N. lugens became susceptible to this insecticide, confirming the important role of Bup_Serratia in resistance. Sequencing of the Bup_Serratia genome identified a suite of candidate genes involved in the degradation of buprofezin, that were upregulated upon exposure to buprofezin. Our findings demonstrate that S. marcescens, an opportunistic pathogen of humans, can metabolize the insecticide buprofezin and form a mutualistic relationship with N. lugens to enhance host resistance to buprofezin. These results provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance and the interactions between bacteria, insects and insecticides in the environment. From an applied perspective they also have implications for the control of highly damaging crop pests. Author summary: The evolution of insect resistance to insecticides represents a major threat to the sustainable control of many of the world's most damaging crop pests. To effectively combat resistance it is important to understand the mechanisms underpinning resistance and their contribution to phenotype. Numerous studies have shown that resistance can result from mutations in the insect genome that alter the expression of detoxification enzymes or enhance their activity, or modify the affinity of the insecticide for the target receptor. However, emerging evidence suggests that symbiotic bacteria may also mediate insecticide resistance in host insects. In this study we show that a bacterium commonly found in the environment can be acquired by the economically important pest insect, Nilaparvata lugens, and confer resistance to the insecticide buprofezin. Using genomic and transcriptomic analyses we implicate a Rieske nonheme iron oxygenase (RHO) system and VOC family protein encoded in the Bup_Serratia genome in the degradation pathway of buprofezin. Our studies uncover a new mechanism of N. lugens resistance to buprofezin and illustrate the importance of considering microbe—host insect—environment interactions in the development of integrated pest management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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