1. Influence of mouthwashes on extended exhaled nitric oxide (F ENO ) analysis.
- Author
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Lassmann-Klee PG, Lehtimäki L, Lindholm T, Malmberg LP, Sovijärvi ARA, and Piirilä P
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Asthma immunology, Asthma pathology, Breath Tests methods, Carbonated Water analysis, Case-Control Studies, Drinking Water analysis, Eosinophils drug effects, Eosinophils immunology, Eosinophils metabolism, Eosinophils pathology, Female, Forced Expiratory Flow Rates drug effects, Forced Expiratory Flow Rates physiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nitric Oxide biosynthesis, Pulmonary Alveoli drug effects, Pulmonary Alveoli immunology, Pulmonary Alveoli metabolism, Pulmonary Alveoli pathology, Asthma metabolism, Exhalation drug effects, Mouthwashes pharmacology, Nitric Oxide analysis, Spirometry standards
- Abstract
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (F
ENO ) is used to assess eosinophilic inflammation of the airways. FENO values are influenced by the expiratory flow rate and orally produced NO. We measured FENO at four different expiratory flow levels after two different mouthwashes: tap water and carbonated water. Further, we compared the alveolar NO concentration (CANO ), maximum airway NO flux (J'awNO ) and airway NO diffusion (DawNO ) after these two mouthwashes. FENO was measured in 30 volunteers (healthy or asthmatic) with a chemiluminescence NO-analyser at flow rates of 30, 50, 100 and 300 mL/s. A mouthwash was performed before the measurement at every flow rate. The carbonated water mouthwash significantly reduced FENO compared to the tap water mouthwash at all expiratory flows: 50 mL/s (p < .001), 30 mL/s (p = .001), 100 mL/s (p < .001) and 300 mL/s (p = .004). J'awNO was also significantly reduced (p = .017), however, there were no significant differences in CANO and DawNO . In conclusion, a carbonated water mouthwash can significantly reduce oropharyngeal NO compared to a tap water mouthwash at expiratory flows of 30-300 mL/s without affecting the CANO and DawNO . Therefore, mouthwashes need to be taken into account when comparing FENO results.- Published
- 2018
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