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Novel hollow molecularly imprinted polymer (HMIPs) microspheres were synthesized via two-stage dispersion polymerization and swelling seed polymerization technique with nicotinamide (NAM) as the template molecule. Binding experiments showed that the HMIPs possessed excellent binding properties toward N-nitroamines, including fast mass transfer rate, and efficient adsorption performance with the adsorption capacity reaching up to 1.7 mg/g, which was 3 times higher than that of hollow non-imprinted polymers (HNIPs). The fast binding kinetics for one N-nitrosamine (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridine)-1-butanone, NNK) was attributed to the hollow porous structure with the imprinted cavities on both external and internal surface of the HMIPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco-specific N -nitrosamines (TSNAs) are strong carcinogens widely found in tobacco products, environmental tobacco smoke, lake, and wastewater. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke with different yields of TSNAs (NNK, NNN, NAT, NAB) and nicotine on the levels of biomarkers of exposure in smokers' plasma. Three hundred healthy volunteers were recruited comprising 60 smokers of each of 3 mg, 8 mg and 10 mg ISO tar yield cigarettes and 60 smokers who smoked 10 mg, 8 mg, and 3 mg for 14 days sequentially and 60 non-smokers. All study participants were male, aged from 21 to 45 years old, and were recruited from a same unit in Hebei, China. We measured the levels of NNAL, NAT, NNN, NAB and cotinine in plasma from 240 smokers and 60 non-smokers using a novel method established by online two-dimensional solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that NNAL, NAT, NNN, NAB and cotinine in the plasma of smokers smoking cigarette with low TSNAs and nicotine were lower than that with high TSNAs and nicotine. When smokers switched from higher to lower TSNA yields of cigarettes, their plasma NNAL, NAT, NNN, NAB levels significantly decreased. The plasma concentrations of NNAL were significantly correlated with those of cotinine, NNN, NAT and NAB for smokers (p < 0.001). Similarly, the plasma concentrations of cotinine were significantly correlated with those of NNN, NAT and NAB for smokers (p < 0.001). The plasma NNAL, NAT, NNN, NAB and cotinine levels for smokers were significantly higher than those for non-smokers. These findings suggested that the total NNAL, NNN, NAT, NAB and cotinine in plasma were valid and reliable biomarkers for human exposure to TSNAs and nicotine. • The plasma levels of TSNAs in smokers and non-smokers were measured. • The variations of plasma TSNAs of smokers after switching were investigated. • The reductions in smoke TSNA yields can reduce mean biomarkers of exposure levels. • TSNAs and nicotine metabolite biomarkers in plasma were highly correlated. • The plasma TSNA were valid and reliable biomarkers of human exposure to TSNAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco-specific N -nitrosamines (TSNAs) are strong carcinogens widely found in tobacco products, environmental tobacco smoke, lake, and wastewater. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke with different yields of TSNAs (NNK, NNN, NAT, NAB) and nicotine on the levels of biomarkers of exposure in smokers' plasma. Three hundred healthy volunteers were recruited comprising 60 smokers of each of 3 mg, 8 mg and 10 mg ISO tar yield cigarettes and 60 smokers who smoked 10 mg, 8 mg, and 3 mg for 14 days sequentially and 60 non-smokers. All study participants were male, aged from 21 to 45 years old, and were recruited from a same unit in Hebei, China. We measured the levels of NNAL, NAT, NNN, NAB and cotinine in plasma from 240 smokers and 60 non-smokers using a novel method established by online two-dimensional solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that NNAL, NAT, NNN, NAB and cotinine in the plasma of smokers smoking cigarette with low TSNAs and nicotine were lower than that with high TSNAs and nicotine. When smokers switched from higher to lower TSNA yields of cigarettes, their plasma NNAL, NAT, NNN, NAB levels significantly decreased. The plasma concentrations of NNAL were significantly correlated with those of cotinine, NNN, NAT and NAB for smokers (p < 0.001). Similarly, the plasma concentrations of cotinine were significantly correlated with those of NNN, NAT and NAB for smokers (p < 0.001). The plasma NNAL, NAT, NNN, NAB and cotinine levels for smokers were significantly higher than those for non-smokers. These findings suggested that the total NNAL, NNN, NAT, NAB and cotinine in plasma were valid and reliable biomarkers for human exposure to TSNAs and nicotine. • The plasma levels of TSNAs in smokers and non-smokers were measured. • The variations of plasma TSNAs of smokers after switching were investigated. • The reductions in smoke TSNA yields can reduce mean biomarkers of exposure levels. • TSNAs and nicotine metabolite biomarkers in plasma were highly correlated. • The plasma TSNA were valid and reliable biomarkers of human exposure to TSNAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]