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Background: Mechanics of inflammation and oncogenesis are intertwined with each other. Thus, the role of inflammatory markers like neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a foreteller of lung carcinoma is retrospectively appraised in this study. Material and Methods: Retrospective assessment of hospital records of carcinoma lung patients was done between January 2018 and January 2020 and pretreatment NLR was calculated. Median NLR was taken as cut off and thereafter correlation was studied between pretreatment NLR and overall survival, using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Cox regression analysis was applied to identify factors affecting survival. Results: Study population included 135 eligible patients with median age of 60 years and male to female ratio of 8.6:1. 47.41% patients were of stage III and 52.59% patients belonged to stage IV. The duration of follow-up ranged between 0.5 and 22 months. Median NLR was 3.1 (range, 0.90–11.25) and median overall survival in patients with NLR <3.1 and ≥3.1 was 6 months versus 3 months, respectively (P-value = 0.001). NLR value in nonsmall cell and small cell lung cancer was analyzed separately and showed significant variation in median survival in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients only (P-value = 0.001). Conclusions: Study results summarized that pretreatment NLR can be taken as a cheap and easily available predictor of prognosis in carcinoma lung cases and more so in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma cases. Large prospective trials are warranted to further potentiate this fact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NSCLC (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer) clutches highest mortality rate in man and women globally. The present study was conducted to target MUC-1 peptide (M-1) into antigen presenting cells by cargo the peptide into hyaluronic acid decorated polyethylene gly co l linked poly (D, l -lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (M-1-PL-co-GA-PEG-sHA-NPs) for generating mucosal immunity through inhalation (i.h.) route. The mean particle size and surface charge of M-1-PL-co-GA-PEG-sHA-NPs was measured to be 136.2 ± 18.38-nm and − 28.34 ± 6.77-mV, respectively, prepared by non-aggregated emulsion-diffusion evaporation method. The 28.42% percentage release of M-1 peptide from M-1-PL-co-GA-PEG-NPs was observed to be at 2 h and 95.29% at 8 h while the percentage release of M-1 peptide from M-1-PL-co-GA-PEG-sHA-NPs was observed to be 26.02% at 4 h and 97.95% at 24 h that proved the prolonged release of antigen. M-1-PL-co-GA-PEG-sHA-NPs demonstrated higher (P < 0.05) cellular uptake of 86.2% in RAW 264.7 cells in comparison to 27.6% of M-1-PL-co-GA-PEG-NPs. In addition, M-1-PL-co-GA-PEG-sHA-NPs induced remarkably (P < 0.05) elevated release of 80.6-pg/ml of TNF-α in comparison to 5-pg/ml by culture medium and 57.9-pg/ml of TNF-α by M-1-PL-co-GA-PEG-NPs. Similarly, M-1-PL-co-GA-PEG-sHA-NPs persuade remarkably (P < 0.05) elevated release of 225-pg/ml of IL-1β in comparison to 47-pg/ml by culture medium and 161.9-pg/ml of IL-1β by M-1-PL-co-GA-PEG-NPs. M-1-PL-co-GA-PEG-sHA-NPs might have been endocytosed through receptor mediated pathway owing to presence of sHA. Mice immunized through i.h. route with M-1-PL-co-GA-PEG-sHA-NPs induced strong (P < 0.05) IgA antibody titre as compared to M-1-PL-co-GA-PEG-NPs and M-1 peptide in dose-dosage regimen. M-1-PL-co-GA-PEG-sHA-NPs nanovaccine warrants further analysis in xenograft model of NSCLC to showcase its antitumor capability. [Display omitted] • Hyaluronic acid decorated mucosal nanoimmunoadjuvant exhibited high affinity for CD44 receptor. • Hyaluronic acid decorated mucosal nanoimmunoadjuvant offered sustained release of MUC-1 peptide. • Mice immunized through inhalation route with hyaluronic acid decorated mucosal nanoimmunoadjuvant induced potent IgA titre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]