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The mathematical efficiency of fractional-order differential equations in modeling real systems has been established. The first-order and second-order time derivatives are substituted in integer-order problems by a fractional derivative of order 0 < ω ≤ 1 , resulting in time-fractional heat and wave problems with variable coefficients. In this research, we analyze fractional-order wave and heat problems with variable coefficients within the framework of a Caputo derivative (CD) using the Elzaki residual power series method (ERPSM), which is a coupling of the residual power series method (RPSM) and the Elzaki transform (E-T). It relies on a novel form of fractional power series (FPS), which provides a convergent series as a solution. The accuracy and convergence rates have been proven by the relative, absolute, and recurrence error analyses, demonstrating the validity of the recommended approach. By employing the simple limit principle at zero, the ERPSM excels at calculating the coefficients of terms in a FPS, but other well-known approaches such as Adomian decomposition, variational iteration, and homotopy perturbation need integration, while the RPSM needs the derivative, both of which are challenging in fractional contexts. ERPSM is also more effective than various series solution methods due to the avoidance of Adomian's and He's polynomials to solve nonlinear problems. The results obtained using the ERPSM show excellent agreement with the natural transform decomposition method and homotopy analysis transform method, demonstrating that the ERPSM is an effective approach for obtaining the approximate and closed-form solutions of fractional models. We established that our approach for fractional models is accurate and straightforward and researcher can use this approach to solve various problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is considerable literature on solutions to the gas-dynamic equation (GDE) and Fokker–Planck equation (FPE), where the fractional derivative is expressed in terms of the Caputo fractional derivative. There is hardly any work on analytical and numerical GDE and FPE solutions involving conformable fractional derivative (CFD). For the reasons stated above, we are required to solve the GDE and FPE in the form of CFD. The main goal of this research is to offer a novel combined method by employing the conformable Shehu transform (CST) and the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) for extracting analytical and numerical solutions of the time-fractional conformable GDE and FPE. The proposed method is called the conformable Shehu homotopy perturbation method (CSHPM). To evaluate its efficiency and consistency, relative and absolute errors among the approximate and exact solutions to three nonlinear problems of GDE and FPE are considered numerically and graphically. Moreover, fifth-term approximate and exact solutions are also compared by 2D and 3D graphs. This method has the benefit of not requiring any minor or major physical parameter assumptions in the problem. As a result, it may be used to solve both weakly and strongly nonlinear problems, overcoming some of the inherent constraints of classic perturbation approaches. Second, while addressing nonlinear problems, the CSHPM does not require Adomian polynomials. Therefore, to solve nonlinear GDE and FPE, just a few computations are necessary. As a consequence, it outperforms homotopy analysis and Adomian decomposition approaches significantly. It does not require discretization or linearization, unlike traditional numerical methods. The convergence and error analysis of the series solutions are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some researchers have combined two powerful techniques to establish a new method for solving fractional-order differential equations. In this study, we used a new combined technique, known as the Elzaki residual power series method (ERPSM), to offer approximate and exact solutions for fractional multipantograph systems (FMPS) and pantograph differential equations (PDEs). In Caputo logic, the fractional-order derivative operator is measured. The Elzaki transform method and the residual power series method (RPSM) are combined in this novel technique. The suggested technique is based on a new version of Taylor's series that generates a convergent series as a solution. Establishing the coefficients for a series, like the RPSM, necessitates computing the fractional derivatives each time. As ERPSM just requires the concept of a zero limit, we simply need a few computations to get the coefficients. The novel technique solves nonlinear problems without the need for He's and Adomian polynomials, which is an advantage over the other combined methods based on homotopy perturbation and Adomian decomposition methods. The relative, recurrence, and absolute errors of the problems are analyzed to evaluate the efficiency and consistency of the presented method. Graphical significances are also identified for various values of fractional-order derivatives. As a result, the procedure is quick, precise, and easy to implement, and it yields outstanding results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]