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Triethylaminium picrate (TEP), an organic single crystal was grown from acetone solvent by slow evaporation method. A single crystal X-ray diffraction study reveals that the TEP crystallizes in orthorhombic system with space group Pca2. The high resolution X-ray diffraction measurement revealed the crystalline perfection of grown crystal. The UV-Vis spectral studies show that TEP crystal is transparent in the visible-NIR region with optical band gap of 2.51 eV. The SHG efficiency was measured for various particle sizes and found that the TEP belongs to Type-1 phase-matchable crystal. The single and multiple shots surface laser damage threshold values were found to be 3.63 and 3.4 GW cm respectively. Thermal analyses reveal that the TEP is thermally stable up to 225.5 °C. The specific heat capacity of TEP was determined to be 1.25 J g K. The three independent tensor coefficients of relative dielectric permittivity were found to be ε = 4.01, ε = 4.81 and ε = 5.59, respectively from the dielectric measurement. The mechanical property of the TEP crystal was studied by the Vicker's hardness technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diethylammonium p-hydroxybenzoate (DEPH) single crystals were grown by a slow evaporation solution growth technique. High-resolution X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurements revealed the crystalline perfection of the grown crystals and the absence of structural grain boundaries. UV-visible transmission studies revealed the lower optical cut-off wavelength of the DEPH crystals. Third order nonlinear refractive index ( n), nonlinear absorption coefficient ( β) and susceptibility ( χ) parameters were estimated by Z-scan studies. The single- and multiple-shot laser damage threshold values of the grown crystals were found to be 7.1 and 6.9 GW/cm using a Nd:YAG laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Effect of pH on the stability of aqueous solution and growth kinetics of bis-(dimethylsulfoxide) cadmium mercury thiocyanate has been investigated. The solubility was estimated for the optimized pH value of 3.5. Bulk single crystals were grown from mixed solution of water:dimethylsulfoxide (3:1) by slow cooling and slow evaporation methods under the optimized pH value. The structure and morphology of the grown crystal was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Presence of functional groups and the coordination of dimethylsulfoxide to the parent compound of cadmium mercury thiocyanate were confirmed through Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and further they were confirmed by laser Raman spectroscopic analysis. Optical transparency of the grown crystal was observed by UV–visible spectroscopy. The thermal stability and thermal decomposition of cadmium mercury thiocyanate (CMTD) single crystals were investigated by means of thermo gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetric analysis. The nonlinear optical efficiency of the grown crystal was estimated by Kurtz powder method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Organic single crystal of p-Toluidinium l -Tartrate (PTLT) was grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the crystal structure and high resolution XRD showed the crystalline perfection of the grown crystal. UV–vis spectral analysis revealed the cut-off wavelength at deep UV region and band gap energy of the grown crystal. The second order nonlinear optical properties of the grown crystal were ascertained by Kurtz-Perry powder technique. The laser damage threshold value of PTLT (2.0 GW/cm2) was estimated and it is relatively higher than that of Ammonium hydrogen l -Tartrate single crystal (0.53 GW/cm2). The optical studies demonstrated that the PTLT crystal could be a potential organic NLO material for frequency doubling applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract An organic centric compound Piperazinium trichloroacetate (PPTC) was successfully synthesized and grown first time from water solvent by applying slow evaporation technique. The crystal structure and its lattice inter perfection were identified from XRD analysis. The chemical groups of title compound were confirmed by FTIR spectral studies. Lower cutoff and optical band gap were determined from the UV–vis spectral studies using solid crystal sample. Threshold of optical stability has been investigated by using laser damage threshold studies. The thermal resistance was observed by using TG/DTA analysis. Mechanical stability was found from load dependant microhardness study. Dislocation and growth mechanism of PPTC was determined from etching studies. The dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss measured using dielectric study as a function of different frequency and temperature. The electronic polarizability was calculated from dielectric related solid state parameters for the PPTC crystal. The saturable absorption and defocusing phenomena were found from observed Z-scan results which are applicable in optical limiting and switching applications. Graphical abstract Image Highlights • Crystal structure of PPTC is reported for the first time. • UV–Visible spectral studies show that PPTC crystal has wide transmittance range up to 256 nm with band gap value of 4.8 eV. • The third order nonlinear susceptibility (χ(3)) is found to be 2.05 × 10−6 esu. • The optical limiting threshold of PPTC is found to be 3.5 mW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic Uronium 3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate (UCHBS) nonlinear optical single crystal was grown by solution growth technique. The solubility and nucleation studies were performed for UCHBS at different temperatures 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 °C. The crystal structure of UCHBS was elucidated from single crystal X-ray diffraction study. High resolution X-ray diffraction technique was employed to study the perfection and internal defects of UCHBS crystal. Infrared and Raman spectra were recorded to analyze the vibrational behavior of chemical bonds and its functional groups. The physico-chemical changes, stability and decomposition stages of the UCHBS compound were established by TG–DTA studies. The dielectric phenomenon of UCHBS crystal was studied at different temperatures with respect to frequency. Linear optical properties of transmittance, cut-off wavelength, band gap of UCHBS were found from UV–visible spectral studies. Third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility, nonlinear refractive index, nonlinear optical absorption coefficient values were measured by Z-scan technique. The mechanical properties of UCHBS crystal was studied by using Vicker’s microhardness test. The growth features of UCHBS crystal were analyzed from etching studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient nonlinear optical single crystal of 2-phenylethylammonium p-hydroxybenzoate (2PPHB) was grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation solution growth method. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that 2PPHB crystallizes in orthorhombic crystal system with non-centrosymmetric space group of Pna21. The presence of functional groups in the synthesized compound was identified by FTIR spectral analysis. The grown crystals were thermally stable up to 155°C. UV-vis absorption, photoluminescence and birefringence optical properties of grown crystal were explored. The laser induced surface damage threshold and relative second harmonic generation properties of the grown crystal were studied using Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The variation of dielectric properties of the grown crystal with frequency was investigated for different temperatures. The mechanical response of the crystal was studied by Vicker's microhardness technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Optical quality VMST crystal was grown by slow cooling method. [•] Morphology of crystal reveals that (001) plane is a dominant. [•] FWHM of VMST crystal on (001) plane was found to be 36arc s. [•] NLO parameters n 2 =1.597×10−11 m2/W and β =1.182×10−3 cm/W were measured. [•] Nonlinear susceptibility (χ 3) was measured by Z-scan and DFWM methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Nearly perfect single crystals of l-histidine hydrochloride monohydrate have been grown from the solution prepared from the mixture of l-histidine and hydrochloric acid using slow evaporation solution growth technique. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, High resolution X-ray diffraction analysis, fourier transform infrared and FT-Raman analyzes were employed for structural characterization. Linear and nonlinear optical properties have been studied by UV–Vis transmission spectrum and Kurtz Perry technique respectively. The refractive index, redox behavior and hardness of the grown crystal have been found by suitable methods. Thermogravimetric, differential thermal analysis were employed to characterize the as-grown crystals. The second harmonic generation conversion efficiency of the grown crystal and other properties show the suitability of the grown crystal for frequency conversion applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Single crystals of semi-organic l-histidine hydrobromide have been grown by slow evaporation technique from a mixture of l-histidine and hydrobromic acid in aqueous solution at ambient temperature. From high-resolution X-ray diffraction analysis, the crystalline perfection of the grown crystal has been studied. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectral analysis, Thermo-Gravimetry (TG), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and hardness test have been employed to characterize the as-grown crystals. The UV cutoff wavelength of the grown crystal is below 300nm and has a wide transparency window, which is suitable for second harmonic generation of laser in the blue region. Nonlinear optical characteristics have been studied using Q switched Nd:YAG laser (λ=1064nm). The second harmonic generation conversion efficiency of the grown crystals confirms their suitability for frequency conversion applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Single crystals of l-tyrosine bromide (LTB) have been grown by slow evaporation method from different solutions prepared with different normality of the solvent at ambient temperature. It has been observed that the growth rate along the crystallographic axes is considerably changed for different normality of solvent and remarkable morphological changes have been observed for the grown crystals. X-ray diffraction analysis, NMR and FTIR spectral analyses, thermo gravimetric (TG), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) have been employed to characterize the as-grown crystal. The UV cutoff (LTB) is below 300nm and has a wide transparency window, which is suitable for second harmonic generation of laser in the blue region. Nonlinear optical characteristics of LTB have been studied using Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (λ=1064nm). The second harmonic generation conversion efficiency of LTB is 1.2 times that of KDP. Hardness of the LTB crystal has also been determined. The laser damage threshold energy density has been found to be 625MW/cm2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The nonlinear optical material: o-Phenylenediaminium p-Toluenesulfonate was synthesized and crystal was grown by the slow evaporation method. The grown crystals were subjected to various characterization techniques. Obtained results were extensively used in analyzing structural, linear and nonlinear optical properties of the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Optical quality γ-glycine single crystal of dimension 9×9×8mm3 has been grown by slow cooling method in the presence of lithium nitrate. The third order nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficient of the grown crystal were measured by Z-scan studies. The dispersion of birefringence behaviour was studied by modified channelled spectrum method. The relative second harmonic generation efficiency of grown crystal was measured by Kurtz and Perry technique and phase matching angle was also measured using Nd:YAG laser. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]