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Thrombosis is a rare situation in pediatric practice. That makes it impossible to have homogenous series and therefore treatment regimens are difficult to be well defined. In this article the authors present: - neonatal thrombosis (arterial and venous), thrombosis in infants and older children; - treatment regimens (indications regarding the etiology) in neonates, infants, children; - thrombolitic treatment (dosage, duration of treatment, precautions and biologic follow-up); - conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae). Infections colonizes the maternal urethra, vaginal tract and rectum; it is sexually transmitted but colonization is usually asymptomatic. In the mother, group B Streptococcus can cause puerperal sepsis, endometritis and preterm delivery. The biggest risk, however, is to the newborn. The risk of infection appears enhanced in twins. The most devastating form of infection is early-onset bacteremia with shock, pneumonia and, occasionally, meningitis. All three serotypes (I, II, III) can cause early-onset infection although type III is most common in infections that are seen after the first week of age. All three serotypes (I, II, III) can cause early-onset infection although type III is most common in infections that are seen after the first week of age (see table 1). The author presents: morphopathology (pneumonia, especially in early onset group B Streptococcus infections; meningitis, meningoencephalitis in late onset group B Streptococcus infections); clinical manifestations; diagnosis (positive, differential); evolution and treatment; prevention and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrauterine Listeria monocytogenes infection may result in abortion early in gestation and stillbirth later on or congenital infection with early neonatal death. Newborn acquiring Listeria late in pregnancy or during birth manifest diverse clinical signs ranging from septicemia to focal skin lesions. Two clinical syndromes: •the first with early onset presents in the first two days of life and is characterized by septicemia and high mortality rate; •the second form (late onset) presents after the fifth day of life and represents infection acquired during delivery or postnatally - with meningitis or meningoencephalitis. The diagnosis of listeriosis is suggested by the clinical picture and gram stain vizualization of listeria, a grampositive bacteria. Treatment of listeriosis is most often initiated with a combination of ampicillin and an aminoglycoside - gentamicin. The outcome is favorable in most cases, the exception being the cases with fulminant sepsis and meningoencephalitis often complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation and bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction can occur in term and near-term healty babies. The term babies who are unwell, the preterm neonates, and the infants who have multiple comorbidities constitute a group vulnerable to bilirubin neurotxicity. The current resurces for clinical interventions that can drastically and efficiently reduce the increased bilirubin-load-intensive phototherapy and exchange transfusions - are available for use in those infants who have excessive hyperbilirubinemia (as judged by their postnatal age, wellenss and gestation); howerver these interventions have a very narrow margin of safety for babies who have rapid or unrecognized increases in their bilirubin load. Because most babies are discharged before the hyperbilirubinemia reaches its peak during the first week of life, preventive and system-based strategies offer a safer, kinder and gentler means to prevent BIND, including kernicterus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neonate with abdominal mass Abdominal masses in neonates reflect a wide spectrum of disease from lesions that can cause significant morbidity and mortality, to conditions readily corrected surgically, to entities wich may be safely observed. It is incumbent upon the infant's physician to determine the nature of the mass in a timely, safe, and cost/effective manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathogenetic mechanisms in neonatal infections The author reviewed the pathogenetic mecanisms of ante- intra and postnatal infections of the newborn. They also discussed the results of the antenatal infections on embrion and foetus, and the clinical variants of intra- and postnatal infections. The attention is focussed on the relationship between pathogenetic mechanisms and the relevant clinical and paraclinical alteration for the diagnosis of the most frequent encountered infections of the newborn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neonatal sepsis (in utero), perinatal and afterbirth - postnatal is a disease with low incidence, but with high risk. Although incidence of the most common etiology - group B Streptococus - has been reduced by prophylactic treatment with penicillin - neonatal sepsis has not been eradicated, and vigilance must remain high. The author presents: etiology; pathogeny; clinical manifestations; diagnosis (positiv, differential, etiological); management with a plan of treatment with antimicrobial agents and supportive care; evolution, complication and prognosis in neonatal sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A generic group of parasitic (toxoplasmosis), viral pathogens [rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex] and ‟other„ agents responsible for fetal infections, such as varicella zoster, parvovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus and Borrelia burgdorferi that produce congenital or perinatally acquired infections represents the acronym ‟TORCH„. Many of the clinical manifestations of TORCH infections are similar and include intrauterine growth retardation, nonimmune hydrops, anemia, thrombocytopenia, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, chorioretinitis and congenital malformations. In this article the author presents toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection and herpes simplex infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]