Search

We compute the nucleon axial and induced pseudoscalar form factors using three ensembles of gauge configurations, generated with dynamical light quarks with mass tuned to approximately their physical value. One of the ensembles also includes the strange and charm quarks with their mass close to physical. The latter ensemble has large statistics and finer lattice spacing and it is used to obtain final results, while the other two are used for assessing volume effects. The pseudoscalar form factor is also computed using these ensembles. We examine the momentum dependence of these form factors as well as relations based on pion pole dominance and the partially conserved axial-vector current hypothesis., Comment: 25 pages and 27 figures

We evaluate the gluon and quark contributions to the spin of the proton using an ensemble of gauge configuration generated at physical pion mass. We compute all valence and sea quark contributions to high accuracy. We perform a non-perturbative renormalization for both quark and gluon matrix elements. We find that the contribution of the up, down, strange and charm quarks to the proton intrinsic spin is $\frac{1}{2}\sum_{q=u,d,s,c}\Delta\Sigma^{q^+}=0.191(15)$ and to the total spin $\sum_{q=u,d,s,c}J^{q^+}=0.285(45)$. The gluon contribution to the spin is $J^g=0.187(46)$ yielding $J=J^q+J^g=0.473(71)$ confirming the spin sum. The momentum fraction carried by quarks in the proton is found to be $0.618(60)$ and by gluons $0.427(92)$, the sum of which gives $1.045(118)$ confirming the momentum sum rule. All scale and scheme dependent quantities are given in the $\mathrm{ \overline{MS}}$ scheme at 2 GeV.

The role of the strange quarks on the low-energy interactions of the proton can be probed through the strange electromagnetic form factors. Knowledge of these form factors provides essential input for parity-violating processes and contributes to the understanding of the sea quark dynamics. We determine the strange electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon within the lattice formulation of Quantum Chromodynamics using simulations that include light, strange and charm quarks in the sea all tuned to their physical mass values. We employ state-of-the-art techniques to accurately extract the form factors for values of the momentum transfer square up to 0.8~GeV$^2$. We find that both the electric and magnetic form factors are statistically non-zero. We obtain for the strange magnetic moment $\mu^s=-0.017(4)$, the strange magnetic radius $\langle r^2_M \rangle^s=-0.015(9)$~fm$^2$, and the strange charge radius $\langle r^2_E \rangle^s=-0.0048(6)$~fm$^2$., Comment: 7 pages and 5 figures

We determine the nucleon axial, scalar and tensor charges within lattice Quantum Chromodynamics including all contributions from valence and sea quarks. We analyze three gauge ensembles simulated within the twisted mass formulation at approximately physical value of the pion mass. Two of these ensembles are simulated with two dynamical light quarks and lattice spacing $a=0.094$~fm and the third with $a=0.08$~fm includes in addition the strange and charm quarks in the sea. After comparing the results among these three ensembles, we quote as final values our most accurate analysis using the latter ensemble. For the nucleon isovector axial charge we find $1.286(23)$ in agreement with the experimental value. We provide the flavor decomposition of the intrinsic spin $\frac{1}{2}\Delta\Sigma^q$ carried by quarks in the nucleon obtaining for the up, down, strange and charm quarks $\frac{1}{2}\Delta\Sigma^{u}=0.431(8)$, $\frac{1}{2}\Delta\Sigma^{d}=-0.212(8)$, $\frac{1}{2}\Delta\Sigma^{s}=-0.023(4)$ and $\frac{1}{2}\Delta\Sigma^{c}=-0.005(2)$, respectively. The corresponding values of the tensor and scalar charges for each quark flavor are also evaluated providing valuable input for experimental searches for beyond the standard model physics. In addition, we extract the nucleon $\sigma$-terms and find for the light quark content $\sigma_{\pi N}=41.6(3.8)$~MeV and for the strange $\sigma_{s}=45.6(6.2)$~MeV. The y-parameter that is used in phenomenological studies we find $y=0.078(7)$., Comment: Expanded version as accepted in Phys. Rev. D.20 pages and 20 figures

The electromagnetic form factors of the proton and the neutron are computed within lattice QCD using simulations with quarks masses fixed to their physical values. Both connected and disconnected contributions are computed. We analyze two new ensembles of $N_f = 2$ and $N_f = 2 + 1 + 1$ twisted mass clover-improved fermions and determine the proton and neutron form factors, the electric and magnetic radii, and the magnetic moments. We use several values of the sink-source time separation in the range of 1.0 fm to 1.6 fm to ensure ground state identification. Disconnected contributions are calculated to an unprecedented accuracy at the physical point. Although they constitute a small correction, they are non-negligible and contribute up to 15% for the case of the neutron electric charge radius., Comment: 26 pages and 34 figures

We determine within lattice QCD, the nucleon spin carried by valence and sea quarks, and gluons. The calculation is performed using an ensemble of gauge configurations with two degenerate light quarks with mass fixed to approximately reproduce the physical pion mass. We find that the total angular momentum carried by the quarks in the nucleon is $J_{u+d+s}{=}0.408(61)_{\rm stat.}(48)_{\rm syst.}$ and the gluon contribution is $J_g {=}0.133(11)_{\rm stat.}(14)_{\rm syst.}$ giving a total of $J_N{=}0.54(6)_{\rm stat.}(5)_{\rm syst.}$ consistent with the spin sum. For the quark intrinsic spin contribution we obtain $\frac{1}{2}\Delta \Sigma_{u+d+s}{=}0.201(17)_{\rm stat.}(5)_{\rm syst.}$. All quantities are given in the $\overline{\textrm{MS}}$ scheme at 2~GeV. The quark and gluon momentum fractions are also computed and add up to $\langle x\rangle_{u+d+s}+\langle x\rangle_g{=}0.804(121)_{\rm stat.}(95)_{\rm syst.}+0.267(12)_{\rm stat.}(10)_{\rm syst.}{=}1.07(12)_{\rm stat.}(10)_{\rm syst.}$ satisfying the momentum sum., Comment: Version published in PRL

We present results on the light, strange and charm nucleon scalar and tensor charges from lattice QCD, using simulations with $N_f=2$ flavors of twisted mass Clover-improved fermions with a physical value of the pion mass. Both connected and disconnected contributions are included, enabling us to extract the isoscalar, strange and charm charges for the first time directly at the physical point. Furthermore, the renormalization is computed non-perturbatively for both isovector and isoscalar quantities. We investigate excited state effects by analyzing several sink-source time separations and by employing a set of methods to probe ground state dominance. Our final results for the scalar charges are $g_S^u = 5.20(42)(15)(12)$, $g_S^d = 4.27(26)(15)(12)$, $g_S^s=0.33(7)(1)(4)$, $g_S^c=0.062(13)(3)(5)$ and for the tensor charges $g_T^u = 0.782(16)(2)(13)$, $g_T^d = -0.219(10)(2)(13)$, $g_T^s=-0.00319(69)(2)(22)$, $g_T^c=-0.00263(269)(2)(37)$ in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ scheme at 2~GeV. The first error is statistical, the second is the systematic error due to the renormalization and the third the systematic arising from possible contamination due to the excited states., Comment: 20 pages and 13 figures

We evaluate the light, strange and charm scalar content of the nucleon using one lattice QCD ensemble generated with two degenerate light quarks with mass fixed to their physical value. We use improved techniques to evaluate the disconnected quark loops to sufficient accuracy to determine the strange and charm nucleon $\sigma$-terms. in addition to the light quark content $\sigma_{\pi N}$. We find $\sigma_{\pi N}$=$37.2(2.6)(^{4.7}_{2.9})$ MeV $\sigma_{s}$=$41.1(8.2)(^{7.8}_{5.8})$ MeV and $\sigma_c$=$79(21)(^{12}_{\phantom{1}8})$ MeV, where the first error is statistical and the second is the systematic error due to the determination of the lattice spacing, the assessment of finite volume and residual excited state effects., Comment: Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett,, 6 pages, 4 figures

We present results on the nucleon scalar, axial and tensor charges as well as on the momentum fraction, and the helicity and transversity moments. The pion momentum fraction is also presented. The computation of these key observables is carried out using lattice QCD simulations at a physical value of the pion mass. The evaluation is based on gauge configurations generated with two degenerate sea quarks of twisted mass fermions with a clover term. We investigate excited states contributions with the nucleon quantum numbers by analyzing three sink-source time separations. We find that, for the scalar charge, excited states contribute significantly and to a less degree to the nucleon momentum fraction and helicity moment. Our analysis yields a value for the nucleon axial charge agrees with the experimental value and we predict a value of 1.027(62) in the $\overline{\text{MS}}$ scheme at 2 GeV for the isovector nucleon tensor charge directly at the physical point. The pion momentum fraction is found to be $\langle x\rangle_{u-d}^{\pi^\pm}=0.214(15)(^{+12}_{-9})$ in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ at 2 GeV., Comment: The experimental value of the helicity plotted in Fig.17 is corrected. ETM Collaboration. 25 pages, 19 figures. Version accepted for PRD (volume 92, eid 114513)

We present a lattice QCD calculation of the $\Delta(1232)$ matrix elements of the axial-vector and pseudoscalar currents. The decomposition of these matrix elements into the appropriate Lorentz invariant form factors is carried out and the techniques to calculate the form factors are developed and tested using quenched configurations. Results are obtained for 2+1 domain wall fermions and within a hybrid scheme with domain wall valence and staggered sea quarks. Two Goldberger-Treiman type relations connecting the axial to the pseudoscalar effective couplings are derived. These and further relations based on the pion-pole dominance hypothesis are examined using the lattice QCD results, finding support for their validity. Utilizing lattice QCD results on the axial charges of the nucleon and the $\Delta$, as well as the nucleon-to-$\Delta$ transition coupling constant, we perform a combined chiral fit to all three quantities and study their pion mass dependence as the chiral limit is approached.

A review of recent nucleon structure calculations within lattice QCD is presented. The nucleon excited states, the axial charge, the isovector momentum fraction and helicity distribution are discussed, assessing the methods applied for their study, including approaches to evaluate the disconnected contributions. Results on the spin carried by the quarks in the nucleon are also presented., Comment: Additional references included. Invited talk at the 3rd Workshop on the QCD Structure of the Nucleon (QCD-N'12), 22-26 October 2012, Bilbao, Spain. 8 pages & 14 figures

This colloquium addresses the issue of the shape of hadrons and in particular that of the proton. The concept of shape in the microcosm is critically examined. Special attention is devoted to properly define the meaning of shape for bound-state systems of near massless quarks. The ideas that lead to the expectation of non-sphericity in the shape of hadrons, the calculations that predict it, and the experimental information obtained from recent high-precision measurements are examined. Particular emphasis is given to the study of the electromagnetic transition between the nucleon and its first excited state, the $\Delta$(1232)-resonance. The experimental evidence is is critically examined and compared with lattice calculations, as well as with effective-field theories and phenomenological models., Comment: Accepted for publication in Rev. of Mod. Phys. 22 pages, 17 figs

We present the first calculation on the $\Delta$ axial-vector and pseudoscalar form factors using lattice QCD. Two Goldberger-Treiman relations are derived and examined. A combined chiral fit is performed to the nucleon axial charge, N to $\Delta$ axial transition coupling constant and $\Delta$ axial charge., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

We present results on the nucleon electromagnetic form factors within lattice QCD using two flavors of degenerate twisted mass fermions. Volume effects are examined using simulations at two volumes of spatial length L=2.1 fm and L=2.8 fm. Cut-off effects are investigated using three different values of the lattice spacings, namely a=0.089 fm, a=0.070 and a=0.056 fm. The nucleon magnetic moment, Dirac and Pauli radii are obtained in the continuum limit and chirally extrapolated to the physical pion mass allowing for a comparison with experiment., Comment: ETM Collaboration, 14 pages, 15 Figures

We present results on the nucleon form factors and moments of generalized parton distributions obtained within the twisted mass formulation of lattice QCD. We include a discussion of lattice artifacts by examining results at different volumes and lattice spacings. We compare our results with those obtained using different discretization schemes and to experiment., Comment: 4 pages, 3 Figures, Invited talk presented at the 35th International Conference of High Energy Physics - ICHEP 2010 July 22-28, 2010, Paris, France

We present results on the nucleon axial form factors within lattice QCD using two flavors of degenerate twisted mass fermions. Volume effects are examined using simulations at two volumes of spatial length $L=2.1$ fm and $L=2.8$ fm. Cut-off effects are investigated using three different values of the lattice spacings, namely $a=0.089$ fm, $a=0.070$ fm and $a=0.056$ fm. The nucleon axial charge is obtained in the continuum limit and chirally extrapolated to the physical pion mass enabling comparison with experiment., Comment: ETM Collaboration, 14 pages, 12 figures

We review recent results on hadron form factors and nucleon generalized parton distibutions obtained with dynamical lattice QCD simulations. We discuss lattice artifacts and open questions, and present the connection of lattice results to hadron structure and to the corresponding quantities measured in experiment., Comment: References added, typos corrected. 14 pages, 16 figures. Plenary talk at the XXVIII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, Lattice2010, June 14-19, 2010, Villasimius, Italy

We calculate the electromagnetic, axial and pseudo-scalar form factors of the Nucleon to $\Delta(1232)$ transition using two dynamical light degenerate quarks and a dynamical strange quark simulated with the domain wall fermion action. Results are obtained at lattice spacings $a = 0.114$ fm and $a=0.084$ fm, with corresponding pion masses of $330$ MeV and $297$ MeV, respectively. High statistics measurements are achieved by utilizing the coherent sink technique. The dominant electromagnetic dipole form factor, the axial form factors and the pseudo-scalar coupling are extracted to a good accuracy. This allows the investigation of the non-diagonal Goldberger-Treiman relation. Particular emphasis is given on the extraction of the sub-dominant electromagnetic quadrupole form factors and their ratio to the dominant dipole form factor, $R_{EM}$ and $R_{SM}$, measured in experiment., Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures

We present results on the electromagnetic and axial nucleon form factors using two degenerate flavors of twisted mass fermions on lattices of spatial size 2.1 fm and 2.7 fm and a lattice spacing of about 0.09 fm. We consider pion masses in the range of 260-470 MeV. We chirally extrapolate results on the nucleon axial ch arge, the isovector Dirac and Pauli root mean squared radii and magnetic moment to the physical point and co mpare to experiment., Comment: Report no. added; typos corrected. ETM Collaboration, 7 pages, 10 figures, Talk given at the XXVII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory - LAT2009, July 26-31 2009, Peking University, Beijing, China

We discuss the techniques to extract the electromagnetic Delta form factors in Lattice QCD. We evaluate these form factors using dynamical fermions with smallest pion mass of about 350 MeV. We pay particular attention to the extraction of the electric quadrupole form factor that signals a deformation of the Delta. The magnetic moment of the $\Delta$ is extrapolated using a chiral effective field theory. Using the form factors we evaluate the transverse density distributions in the infinite momentum frame showing deformation in the Delta., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, Invited Talk at the 6th International Workshop on Chiral Dynamics, CD09, July 6-10, 2009, Bern, Switzerland

We present recent lattice results on the baryon spectrum, nucleon electromagnetic and axial form factors, nucleon to $\Delta$ transition form factors as well as the $\Delta$ electromagnetic form factors. The masses of the low lying baryons and the nucleon form factors are calculated using two degenerate flavors of twisted mass fermions down to pion mass of about 270 MeV. We compare to the results of other collaborations. The nucleon to $\Delta$ transition and $\Delta$ form factors are calculated in a hybrid scheme, which uses staggered sea quarks and domain wall valence quarks. The dominant dipole nucleon to $\Delta$ transition form factor is also evaluated using dynamical domain wall fermions. The transverse density distributions of the $\Delta$ in the infinite momentum frame are extracted using the form factors determined from lattice QCD., Comment: Invited talk at the Workshop on the Physics of excited nucleons NSTAR2009, Beijing, April 19-22, 2009, 9 pages

Lattice results on the N to Delta electromagnetic, axial-vector and pseudoscalar form factors are evaluated using dynamical staggered sea quarks and domain wall valence quarks for pion masses in the range of 580-350 MeV, as well as, dynamical and quenched Wilson fermions for similar pion masses., Comment: 8 pages, 6 Figures. Invited talk given at the Workshop Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, USA, May 21-24 2007

We evaluate the N to Delta axial transition form factors in lattice QCD in the quenched theory, with two degenerate flavors of dynamical Wilson fermions and using domain wall valence fermions with staggered sea quark configurations. We predict the ratio $C_5^A(q^2)/C_3^V(q^2)$ relevant to the parity violating asymmetry and check the validity of the off-diagonal Goldberger-Treiman relation., Comment: Version as accepted for publication, Fig.2 replaced, Normalization factor corrected in Fig.4; 4 pages, 5 figures

We evaluate the isovector nucleon electromagnetic form factors in quenched and full QCD on the lattice using Wilson fermions. In the quenched theory we use a lattice of spatial size 3 fm at beta=6.0 enabling us to reach low momentum transfers and a lowest pion mass of about 400 MeV. In the full theory we use a lattice of spatial size 1.9 fm at beta=5.6 and lowest pion mass of about 380 MeV enabling comparison with the results obtained in the quenched theory. We compare our lattice results to the isovector part of the experimentally measured form factors., Comment: Typos corrected, one reference added, version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D, 14 pages, 20 figures

The magnetic dipole, the electric quadrupole and the Coulomb quadrupole amplitudes for the transition \gamma N\to \Delta are calculated in quenched lattice QCD at \beta=6.0 with Wilson fermions. Using a new method combining an optimal combination of interpolating fields for the $\Delta$ and an overconstrained analysis, we obtain statistically accurate results for the dipole form factor and for the ratios of the electric and Coulomb quadrupole amplitudes to the magnetic dipole amplitude, R_{EM} and R_{SM}, up to momentum transfer squared 1.5 GeV^2. We show for the first time using lattice QCD that both R_{EM} and R_{SM} are non-zero and negative, in qualitative agreement with experiment and indicating the presence of deformation in the N- Delta system., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

We present a new method to determine the momentum dependence of the N to Delta transition form factors and demonstrate its effectiveness in the quenched theory at $\beta=6.0$ on a $32^3 \times 64$ lattice. We address a number of technical issues such as the optimal combination of matrix elements and the simultaneous overconstrained analysis of all lattice vector momenta contributing to a given momentum transfer squared, $Q^2$., Comment: Talk presented at Lattice 2004 (spectrum), Fermilab, 21-26 Jun. 2004. 3 pages, 3 figures. One typo in phenomenological Ansatz corrected

The magnetic dipole, the electric quadrupole and the Coulomb quadrupole amplitudes for the transition $\gamma N\to \Delta$ are evaluated both in quenched lattice QCD at $\beta=6.0$ and using two dynamical Wilson fermions simulated at $\beta=5.6$. The dipole transition form factor is accurately determined at several values of momentum transfer. On the lattices studied in this work, the electric quadrupole amplitude is found to be non-zero yielding a negative value for the ratio, $ R_{EM}$, of electric quadrupole to magnetic dipole amplitudes at three values of momentum transfer., Comment: Discussion of systematic errors and chiral extrapolation extended; Typos corrected; Version to appear in Phys. Rev. D.; 19 pages including 21 figures

We present results on the ratio of electric quadrupole to magnetic dipole amplitudes, $R_{EM}={\cal G}_{E2}/{\cal G}_{M1}$, for the transition $\gamma N to \Delta$ from lattice QCD. We consider both the quenched and the 2-flavor theory., Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, talk presented at Lattice2002(matrixel); Layout of figures adjusted

Gauge-invariant spatial correlations between two and three quarks inside a hadron are measured within quenched and unquenched QCD. These correlators provide information on the shape and multipole moments of the pion, the rho, the nucleon and the $\Delta$., Comment: 3 pages, 7 figures, Lattice 2002 (Hadronic Matrix Elements). Layout of figures adjusted