Search

Among the possible CP-odd couplings of the axion to ordinary matter, the most relevant ones for phenomenology are the Yukawa couplings to nucleons. We analyze such non-derivative couplings within three different approaches: standard effective field theory, the Skyrme model and holographic QCD. In all the cases, the couplings can be related to the CP-odd non-derivative couplings to nucleons of the low-lying mesons and the $\eta'$. Using the effective field theory approach we discuss how to derive the expressions for the CP-odd interaction terms as functions of the parameters of the effective Lagrangian at generic number of colors $N_c$ and flavors $N_f$. Then, we compute the CP-odd couplings to nucleons of the axion, the $\eta'$ and the pseudo-Goldstone mesons in both the Skyrme and the holographic QCD model with $N_f=2,3$. We present model-independent expressions for the coefficients of the non-derivative axion-nucleon couplings. This allows us to provide quantitative estimates of these couplings., Comment: v1: 45 pages + appendices, 1 figure; v2: typos corrected, references added; v3: 38 pages + appendices, 1 figure, section 4 added containing model-independent IR relations for the couplings, sections 3,5,6 re-edited, table 1 added and discussion section improved, review material moved to the appendices, comments and references added, typos corrected

We classify the parity- and time-reversal-violating operators involving quark and gluon fields that have effective dimension six: the quark electric dipole moment, the quark and gluon chromo-electric dipole moments, and four four-quark operators. We construct the effective chiral Lagrangian with hadronic and electromagnetic interactions that originate from them, which serves as the basis for calculations of low-energy observables. The form of the effective interactions depends on the chiral properties of these operators. We develop a power-counting scheme and calculate within this scheme, as an example, the parity- and time-reversal-violating pion-nucleon form factor. We also discuss the electric dipole moments of the nucleon and light nuclei., Comment: Matches published version

In the framework of nuclear physics and at nuclear physics facilities a large number of different experiments can be performed which render the possibility to investigate fundamental symmetries and interactions in nature. In particular, the precise measurements of properties of fundamental fermions, searches for new interactions in $\beta$-decays, and violations of discrete symmetries have a robust discovery potential for physics beyond standard theory. Precise measurements of fundamental constants can be carried out as well. Low energy experiments allow probing of New Physics models at mass scales far beyond the reach of present accelerators or such planned for the future in the domain of high energy physics and at which predicted new particles could be produced directly., Comment: Review Talk ENAM'04

The structure of certain nuclei and atoms allow one to study fundamental symmetries and interactions. In this review we consider the search for Time-Reversal invariance Violation (TRV). We consider two options: TRV in beta decay or the search for the forbidden Electric Dipole Moment (EDM). In both cases atomic trapping can be an appropriate tool. For beta decay radioactive isotopes are necessary, but also for EDM searches they appear to be useful.

We report on the design and first tests of a device allowing for measurement of ultracold neutrons polarisation by means of the simultaneous analysis of the two spin components. The device was developed in the framework of the neutron electric dipole moment experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. Individual parts and the entire newly built system have been characterised with ultracold neutrons. The gain in statistical sensitivity obtained with the simultaneous spin analyser is $(18.2\pm 6.1)$ % relative to the former sequential analyser under nominal running conditions.

At the Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI) in Groningen, NL, a new facility (TRImuP) is under development. Radioactive nuclei will be produced using heavy ion beams from the superconducting AGOR cyclotron. They are then slowed down and finally trapped in ion or atomic traps in order to perform precision experiments with them. The facility will be open for use by the worldwide community. The present local research programme includes precision studies of nuclear beta-decays through beta-neutrino (recoil nucleus) momentum correlations in weak decays as well as searches for permanent electric dipole moments in heavy atomic systems. Such experiments offer a large potential for discovering new physics or to put sensitive limits on parameters in models beyond standard theory.

We calculate the electric-dipole and magnetic-quadrupole form factors of the deuteron that arise as a low-energy manifestation of parity and time-reversal violation in quark-gluon interactions. We consider the QCD vacuum angle and the dimension-six operators that originate from physics beyond the standard model: the quark electric and chromoelectric dipole moments and the gluon chromoelectric dipole moment. Within the framework of two-flavor chiral perturbation theory, we show that in combination with the nucleon electric dipole moment, the deuteron moments would allow an identification of the dominant source(s) of symmetry violation.

We investigate parity and time-reversal violation in neutron-proton scattering in the optical regime. We calculate the neutron spin rotation and analyzing power in scattering on polarized protons. This allows us to quantify the sensitivity that such experiments should aim for in order to be competitive to present-day measurements of the neutron electric dipole moment in constraining the P- and T-odd two-nucleon interaction. While state-of-the-art techniques fall short by some three orders of magnitude for the neutron-proton case, specific neutron-nucleus experiments look promising, provided certain experimental and theoretical challenges are met.

In Nuclear Physics numerous possibilities exist to investigate fundamental symmetries and interactions. In particular, the precise measurements of properties of fundamental fermions, searches for new interactions in $\beta$-decays, and violations of discrete symmeties offer possibilities to search for physics beyond Standard Theory. Precise measurements of fundamental constants can be carried out. Low energy experiments allow to probe New Physics at mass scales far beyond the reach of present accelerators or such planned for the future and at which predicted new particles could be produced directly., Comment: Review talk at the International Nuclear Physics Conference INPC04, G\"oteborg, Sweden

The structure of certain nuclei and atoms allow one to study fundamental symmetries and interactions. In this review we consider the search for Time-Reversal invariance Violation (TRV). We consider two options: TRV in beta decay or the search for the forbidden Electric Dipole Moment (EDM). In both cases atomic trapping can be an appropriate tool. For beta decay radioactive isotopes are necessary, but also for EDM searches they appear to be useful.

At the Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI) a new facility (TRImuP) is under development. It aims for producing a spectrum of radioactive isotopes in direct, inverse kinematics fusion and evaporation or fragmentation reactions with heavy ion beams from the superconducting cyclotron AGOR. The products will be slowed down and trapped for accurate measurements of fundamental symmetries and interactions in physics. The scientific focus of the local KVI research groups includes precision studies of nuclear beta-decays through beta-neutrino (recoil nucleus) momentum correlations in weak decays and searches for permanent electric dipole moments in heavy atomic systems. This research programme offers a large potential for discovering new physics or to limit parameters in models beyond standard theory significantly. The scientific approach chosen in TRImuP can be regarded as complementary to such high energy physics. The TRImuP facility in Groningen will be open for users worldwide.

At the Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI) a new facility (TRImuP) is under development. It aims for producing a spectrum of radioactive isotopes in direct, inverse kinematics fusion and evaporation or fragmentation reactions with heavy ion beams from the superconducting cyclotron AGOR. The products will be slowed down and trapped for accurate measurements of fundamental symmetries and interactions in physics. The scientific focus of the local KVI research groups includes precision studies of nuclear beta-decays through beta-neutrino (recoil nucleus) momentum correlations in weak decays and searches for permanent electric dipole moments in heavy atomic systems. This research programme offers a large potential for discovering new physics or to limit parameters in models beyond standard theory significantly. The scientific approach chosen in TRImuP can be regarded as complementary to such high energy physics. The TRImuP facility in Groningen will be open for users worldwide.

At the Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI) in Groningen, NL, a new facility (TRIμP) is under development. It aims for producing, slowing down and trapping of radioactive isotopes in order to perform accurate measurements on fundamental symmetries and interactions. A spectrum of radioactive nuclids will be produced in direct, inverse kinematics of fragmentation reactions using heavy ion beams from the superconducting AGOR cyclotron. The research programme pursued by the KVI group includes precision studies of nuclear β-decays through β–neutrino (recoil nucleus) momentum correlations in weak decays and searches for permanent electric dipole moments in heavy atomic systems. This offers a large potential for discovering new physics or to limit parameters in models beyond standard theory significantly. The scientific approach chosen in TRIμP can be regarded as complementary to such high energy physics. The facility in Groningen will be open for use by the worldwide community of scientists.

At the Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI) in Groningen, NL, a new facility (TRIμP) is under development. It aims for producing, slowing down and trapping of radioactive isotopes in order to perform accurate measurements on fundamental symmetries and interactions. A spectrum of radioactive nuclids will be produced in direct, inverse kinematics of fragmentation reactions using heavy ion beams from the superconducting AGOR cyclotron. The research programme pursued by the KVI group includes precision studies of nuclear β-decays through β–neutrino (recoil nucleus) momentum correlations in weak decays and searches for permanent electric dipole moments in heavy atomic systems. This offers a large potential for discovering new physics or to limit parameters in models beyond standard theory significantly. The scientific approach chosen in TRIμP can be regarded as complementary to such high energy physics. The facility in Groningen will be open for use by the worldwide community of scientists.

We dedicate this document to the memory of Mikhail Polikarpov, who passed away in July 2013. Misha worked with us for decades as a convener of the “Confinement” section of the Quark Confinement and Hadron Spectrum Series. He guided and expanded the scientific discussion of that topic, inspiring and under taking new research avenues. From its initial conception, he supported the enterprise of this document and organized Sect. 8, writing the part on confinement himself. He attracted the XIth Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum to St. Petersburg (September 8-12, 2014; see http://phys.spbu.ru/confxi.html). His warm and kind personality, his high sense of humor, his ideas in physics, and his special energy in imagining and realizing new projects will be always a loss and an example for us. We also miss four other physicists who made lasting contributions to the field of strong interactions: Dmitri Diakonov, Nikolai Uraltsev, Pierre van Baal, and Kenneth Wilson. We remember Misha, Dima, Ken, Kolya, and Pierre with fondness and gratitude. In addition, S.G. would like to dedicate her work on this document to the memory of her mother and mentor, Gladys Strom Gardner. The authors thank Mikko Laine for collaboration during initial stages of the project. In addition, Véronique Bernard, Alex Bondar, Geoffrey T. Bodwin, Davide Caffarri, Gilberto Colangelo, Lance Dixon, Gernot Eichmann, Christoph Hanhart, Ulrich Heinz, Aleksi Kurkela, Vittorio Lubicz, Alexander Milov, Bachir Moussallam, Antonio Pineda, Brad Plaster, Massimiliano Procura, Joan Soto, Reinhard Stock, Ruth Van de Water, Ubirajara van Kolck, Julia Velkovska, and Richard Williams provided helpful correspondance and contributions during the preparation of this review. Finally, the Editors thank Małgorzata Janik for maintaining document and bibliography updates and for coordinating an editorial team of Jeremi Niedziela and Anna Zaborowska., We highlight the progress, current status, and open challenges of QCD-driven physics, in theory and in experiment. We discuss how the strong interaction is intimately connected to a broad sweep of physical problems, in settings ranging from astrophysics and cosmology to strongly coupled, complex systems in particle and condensed-matter physics, as well as to searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. We also discuss how success in describing the strong interaction impacts other fields, and, in turn, how such subjects can impact studies of the strong interaction. In the course of the work we offer a perspective on the many research streams which flow into and out of QCD, as well as a vision for future developments., The authors appreciate and acknowledge support for work on this document provided, in part or in whole, by • U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Offices of Nuclear and High-Energy physics, under contracts #DE-FG02-05ER41375 and #DE-FG02-91ER40628 (M. Alford and K. Schwenzer) • the EU I3HP project EPOS “Exciting Physics of Strong Interactions” (WP4 of HadronPhysics3) (R. Alkofer) • U.S. Department of Energy grant no. DE-SC0007984, (P. Arnold) • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG EClust 153 “Origin and Structure of the Universe” (N. Brambilla, L. Fabbietti, B. Ketzer, A. Vairo) • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG grants BR 4058/2-1 and BR 4058/1-1; work supported in part by DFG and NSFC (CRC 110) (N. Brambilla, A. Vairo) • U.S. Department of Energy (T. Cohen) • Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) of Italy (P. Di Nezza) • the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grants 12-02-01032 and 12-02-01296 and the German Research Foundation (DFG) under grant HA 1457/9-1. (S. Eidelman) • Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung BMBF Grant No. 05P12WOGHH; Helmholtz Young Investigator University Group, VHNG-330 (L. Fabbietti) • Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) under the Sinergia grant number CRSII2 141847 1 (X. Garcia i Tormo) • U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Physics under contract DE-FG02-96ER40989 (S. Gardner) • DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 under which JSA operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, and by the National Science Foundation through grants PHY-0855789 and PHY-1307413 (J. Goity) • Austrian Science Foundation FWF under project No. P20016-N16 (R. Höllwieser) • Polish National Science Centre reaserch grant UMO-2012/05/N/ST2/ 02757 (M. A. Janik) • European Union in the framework of European Social Fund through the Warsaw University of Technology Development Programme (M. A. Janik) • U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under grant DE-FG02-89ER40531 (D. Keane) • Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung BMBF Grant No. 05P12WOCC1 (B. Ketzer) • European Union program “Thales” ESF/NSRF 2007-2013 (E. Kiritsis) • European Union (European Social Fund, ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program “Education and Lifelong Learning” of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) under “Funding of proposals that have received a positive evaluation in the 3rd and 4th Call of ERC Grant Schemes” (E. Kiritsis) • European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreements (FP7-REGPOT-2012-2013-1) No. 316165, and PIF-GA-2011- 300984 and by the European Commission under the ERC Advanced Grant BSMOXFORD 228169 (E. Kiritsis) • Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy (A. S. Kronfeld) • U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Physics under contract DE-FG02-97ER4014 (H.-W. Lin) • Spanish grant FPA2011-27853-C02-01 (Felipe J. Llanes-Estrada) • Center for Computational Sciences as part of the Rhineland-Palatinate Research Initiative (H. B. Meyer) • the DFG grant ME 3622/2-1 (H. B. Meyer) • the European Research Council under the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) / ERC grant agreement No. 210223 (A. Mischke) • Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (project number 680-47-232) (A. Mischke) • Dutch Foundation for Fundamental Research (project number 10PR2884) (A. Mischke) • the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 14-02-01220) (R. Mizuk) • U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Nuclear Science Division, under Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231 (G. Odyniec) • Spanish Government and EU funds for regional development grants FPA2011-23778 and CSD2007-00042 (A. Pich) • Generalitat Valenciana grant PrometeoII/2013/007 (A. Pich) • the European Research Council under the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) / ERC grant agreement No. 291377 (R. Pittau) • Spanish grant FPA2011-22398 (R. Pittau) •U. S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 and the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. PHY-0969739 and -1316617 (J.-W. Qiu) • Italian MIUR under project 2010YJ2NYW and INFN under specific initiative QNP (G. Ricciardi) • The European Research Council grant HotLHC ERC-2011-StG279579; by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain (FPA2009- 11951) and by Xunta de Galicia. (C. A. Salgado) • the EU I3HP project “Study of Strongly Interacting Matter” (acronym HadronPhysics3), Grant Agreement No. 283286 (H. Sazdjian) • Austrian Science Foundation FWF under project No. P23536-N16 (A. Schmitt) •NSF PHY-0969490 and Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries (W. M. Snow) • Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, under Contract DE-AC52- 07NA27344. The work is also supported in part by the US DOE JET topical collaboration. (R. Vogt) • Academy of Finland, grant # 266185 (A. Vuorinen)

At the Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI) in Groningen, NL, a new facility (TRImuP) is under development. Radioactive nuclei will be produced using heavy ion beams from the superconducting AGOR cyclotron. They are then slowed down and finally trapped in ion or atomic traps in order to perform precision experiments with them. The facility will be open for use by the worldwide community. The present local research programme includes precision studies of nuclear beta-decays through beta-neutrino (recoil nucleus) momentum correlations in weak decays as well as searches for permanent electric dipole moments in heavy atomic systems. Such experiments offer a large potential for discovering new physics or to put sensitive limits on parameters in models beyond standard theory.

We investigate direct and indirect constraints on the complete set of anomalous CP-violating Higgs couplings to quarks and gluons originating from dimension-6 operators, by studying their signatures at the LHC and in electric dipole moments (EDMs). We show that existing uncertainties in hadronic and nuclear matrix elements have a significant impact on the interpretation of EDM experiments, and we quantify the improvements needed to fully exploit the power of EDM searches. Currently, the best bounds on the anomalous CP-violating Higgs interactions come from a combination of EDM measurements and the data from LHC Run 1. We argue that Higgs production cross section and branching ratios measurements at the LHC Run 2 will not improve the constraints significantly. On the other hand, the bounds on the couplings scale roughly linearly with EDM limits, so that future theoretical and experimental EDM developments can have a major impact in pinning down interactions of the Higgs., Included analysis of Higgs decay processes. References added