Search

A high-intensity pulsed neutron source can be constructed according to the principle of a superbooster, i.e., a neutron multiplying system of the neutron-generating target of the proton accelerator with proton energy of about 1 GeV in the subcritical reactivity modulation system. Usually, superboosters are considered to be safe and reliable nuclear facilities. However, as indicated in this paper, a powerful superbooster may prove to be less stable in operation than a pulsed reactor. Therefore, the problems of its safety call for close study.

The secondary proton polarization and differential cross sections of the ( $$p,p^{\prime}$$ ) inelastic reaction on nuclei $${}^{9}$$ Be and $${}^{90}$$ Zr at the initial proton energy of 1 GeV were measured over a wide range of the scattered proton momenta at a laboratory angle of $$\Theta=21^{\circ}$$ . Scattered protons were detected by means of the magnetic spectrometer equipped with a polarimeter based on multiwire proportional chambers and carbon analyzer. A structure in the polarization and cross section data, related probably to the quasielastic scattering off nucleon correlations in the $${}^{9}$$ Be and $${}^{90}$$ Zr nuclei, was observed as earlier in the same data for the $${}^{12}$$ C, $${}^{28}$$ Si, $${}^{40}$$ Ca and $${}^{56}$$ Fe nuclei. A difference in the momentum distributions of the scattering cross section ratios for the $${}^{90}$$ Zr and $${}^{12}$$ C nuclei and for the $${}^{90}$$ Zr and $${}^{9}$$ Be nuclei was observed.

At the proton energy of Ep = 7.4 MeV, the double-differential cross sections for the reaction 27Al(p, α1γ)24Mg were measured for 11 values of the alpha-particle emission angle in the range of θα = 30°–160°(lab). All even components of the density-matrix spin-tensors were reconstructed for the oriented 24Mg nucleus in the 2+ state at 1.369 MeV, and the polarization features of this nucleus, including the populations of magnetic sublevels of the nucleus for all spin projections, multipole-moment orientation tensors, and the quadrupole and hexadecapole tensor polarizations, were determined. Relevant experimental results were compared with their counterparts calculated for the triton-pickup mechanism within the coupled-channel method and in the statistical limit of the compound-nucleus model.

Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) are designed to detect cosmic gamma rays. As a by-product, IACTs detect Cherenkov flashes generated by millions of hadronic air showers every night. We present the proton energy spectrum from several hundred GeV to several hundred TeV, retrieved from the hadron induced showers detected by the MAGIC telescopes. The protons are discriminated from He and other heavy nuclei by means of using machine learning classification. The energy estimation is based on a specially developed deep neural network regressor. In the last decade, Deep Learning methods gained much interest in the scientific community for their ability to extract complex relations in data and process large datasets in a short time. The proton energy spectrum obtained in this work is compared to the spectra obtained by dedicated cosmic ray experiments.

Passive detection of special nuclear material (SNM) is challenging due to its inherently low rate of spontaneous emission of penetrating radiation, the relative ease of shielding, and the fluctuating and frequently overwhelming background. Active interrogation, the use of external radiation to increase the emission rate of characteristic radiation from SNM, has long been considered to be a promising method to overcome those challenges. Current active-interrogation systems that incorporate radiography tend to use bremsstrahlung beams, which can deliver high radiation doses. Low-energy ion-driven nuclear reactions that produce multiple monoenergetic photons may be used as an alternative. The ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{p},{\mathrm{p}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{)}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ reaction is one such reaction that could produce large yields of highly penetrating 4.4- and 15.1-MeV gamma rays. This reaction does not directly produce neutrons below the approximately 19.7 MeV threshold, and the 15.1-MeV gamma-ray line is well matched to the photofission cross section of ${}^{235}\mathrm{U}$ and ${}^{238}\mathrm{U}$. We report the measurements of thick-target gamma-ray yields at 4.4 and 15.1 MeV from the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{p},{\mathrm{p}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{)}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ reaction at proton energies of 19.5, 25, and 30 MeV. Measurements are made with two $3$-in. EJ-309 cylindrical liquid scintillation detectors and thermoluminescent dosimeters placed at ${0}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ and ${90}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$, with an additional $1.5$-in. $\mathrm{Na}\mathrm{I}$($\mathrm{Tl}$) cylindrical scintillation detector at ${0}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$. We estimate the highest yields of the 4.4- and 15.1-MeV gamma rays of $1.65\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}$ and $4.47\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{sr}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ $\ensuremath{\mu}{\mathrm{C}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at a proton energy of 30 MeV, respectively. The yields in all experimental configurations are greater than in a comparable deuteron-driven reaction that produces the same gamma-ray energies---${}^{11}\mathrm{B}(\mathrm{d},\mathrm{n}\ensuremath{\gamma}{)}^{12}\mathrm{C}$. However, a significant increase of the neutron radiation dose accompanies the proton energy increase from 19.5 to 30 MeV.

We have started an experimental program to measure activation cross sections systematically in the proton-induced spallation reaction in structural materials commonly used in high-intensity proton ...

We present an improvement design of a two-dimensional (2D) angular-resolved proton spectrometer for wide-angle measurement of proton beams from high-intensity laser-solid interactions. By using a 2D selective entrance pinhole array with different periods in orthogonal axes, the angular resolution along one dimension is improved by a factor of 6.7. This improvement provides the accessibility to detect the spatial fine structures of the proton energy spectrum.

The quenching of the experimental spectroscopic factor for proton emission from the short-lived $d_{3/2}$ isomeric state in $^{151m}$Lu was a long-standing problem. In the present work, proton emission from this isomer has been reinvestigated in an experiment at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyv\"{a}skyl\"{a}. The proton-decay energy and half-life of this isomer were measured to be 1295(5) keV and 15.4(8) $\mu$s, respectively, in agreement with another recent study. These new experimental data can resolve the discrepancy in the spectroscopic factor calculated using the spherical WKB approximation. Using the R-matrix approach it is found that the proton formation probability indicates no significant hindrance for the proton decay of $^{151m}$Lu., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

The polarization of secondary protons in the (p, p’) inelastic reactions on 40Ca and 12C nuclei at the initial proton energy of 1 GeV was measured over a wide range of scattered-proton momenta at a laboratory angle of Θ = 21°. The reaction cross sections were also measured. Scattered protons were detected by means of magnetic spectrometer equipped with a polarimeter based on multiwire-proportional chambers. A structure in the polarization and cross-section data, which is probably related to scattering off nucleon correlations in the nuclei involved, was observed.

The Study Group for a GeV-scale Proton Synchrotron was launched in 1952 at CERN. Initially, an up-scaled version of the 3 GeV Cosmotron was considered but soon a new design based on the newly discovered alternating-gradient principle and promising a proton energy of 30 GeV was adopted by the CERN Council in the same year. In order to limit cost the energy was subsequently limited to 25 GeV and the project led by J.B. Adams was approved in 1953. The final parameters were fixed in 1954 and construction started in 1955. The CPS [1] became operational towards the end of 1959 reaching an energy of 28 GeV [2, 3]. It has turned out to be an extremely versatile facility [4] (Table 10.1).

The paper presents single event upset (SEU) experimental results in Spartan-6 FPGA due to direct and indirect proton ionization. High energy proton beam and aluminum foils were used to decrease proton energy down to 1… 20 MeV to observe proton direct ionization upsets.

International audience; We investigate the proton energy loss in GaN in an energy range between 0 and 65 MeV. The energy of protons generated by a cyclotron at about 65 MeV is varied by inserting an energy- absorbing medium of varying thickness. The precise modeling of the GaN Schottky diode response as a function of the absorbing medium thickness allows us to demonstrate that the energy absorption loss in GaN precisely follows the Bethe theory. In addition, we can identify the region of the detector contributing to its response to a proton beam, which is of prime importance for proton detector optimization.

The results from measuring the 27Al(p, α)24Mg reaction’s differential cross sections at Ep = 7.4MeV with the formation of the final nucleus in the ground and first excited (2+, 1.369 MeV) states are presented. The differential cross sections are obtained in the 25°–160° (lab) range of α-particle emission angles. Double-differential cross sections for the 27Al(p, α1γ)24Mg reaction are measured at the same proton energy for several α-particle angles in the forward hemisphere. All even components of the density matrix spin tensors of the 24Mg nucleus in the 2+ (1.369 MeV) state are reconstructed and its orientation characteristics are determined. The experimental results are compared with calculations for the triton pickup mechanism using coupled channels, and in the the statistical limit of the compound nucleus model.

We present first results on the spectral index analysis of solar energetic protons from SOHO/ERNE instrument. The log−log dependence between the peak proton intensity and proton energy is built using up to five energy channels, equidistantly distributed in the range 14−131 MeV and a power law dependence is assumed in order to deduce the proton spectral index. Finally, various distributions and statistical relationships between the calculated spectral indices and parameters of the solar eruptive phenomena are presented and discussed.We present first results on the spectral index analysis of solar energetic protons from SOHO/ERNE instrument. The log−log dependence between the peak proton intensity and proton energy is built using up to five energy channels, equidistantly distributed in the range 14−131 MeV and a power law dependence is assumed in order to deduce the proton spectral index. Finally, various distributions and statistical relationships between the calculated spectral indices and parameters of the solar eruptive phenomena are presented and discussed.

Colliding-wind binaries have long been thought to accelerate particles in the shocked wind. Recent detection of a hard $\gamma$-ray spectrum by the Fermi-LAT from $\eta$ Carinae hints to the presence of a hadronic component dominating in the $\approx 10$-300 GeV range, presumably from protons accelerated in the shocks and interacting ($pp$) with particles in the wind. Neutrinos are naturally produced in $pp$ interactions and emitted together with $\gamma$ rays. Detection of this multi-messenger signal can be very powerful to probe characteristics of the hadronic $\gamma$-ray component as well as particle accleration. We show that detection of high-energy neutrinos from $\eta$ Carinae by neutrino telescopes can probe the maximum shock-accelerated proton energy in the $\gtrsim 0.1$ PeV range.

The radiation effects of protons will lead to degradation of dark signal of CCD. The degradation mechanism of dark signals of CCD are different due to the different proton energy. This paper investigated the radiation effects and annealing effects of CCD exposed to 3MeV and 10MeV proton. The test result shown that 3MeV proton irradiation induced CCD’s dark signal decreasing linearly following the proton fluence. The dark signal degradation induced by 10MeV was not linearly, due to the different defects introduced by proton with different energy. The results above indicates that the displacement damage behavior of defects introduced by 10MeV proton is more complex than 3MeV proton. There are more than two kinds of displacement damage defects dominating the increase of the dark signal. The results of this paper provided important reference for CCD’s proton radiation test method and evaluation technology.

The first data on the production of cumulative π+, p, and light nuclear fragments d and t emitted from a nucleus with a high transverse momentum at an angle of 35° in the laboratory system have been reported. The data have been obtained at the SPIN setup at the interaction of a 50-GeV proton beam extracted from the U-70 accelerator (IHEP, Protvino) with C, Al, Cu, and W nuclei.

The 100-MeV proton linacs of the Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) started machine operation in 2013, and a 20-MeV or a 100-MeV proton beam has been provided to users who want to utilize a proton beam for their research and development at the KOMAC. Under proton beam irradiation, the target material will experience radiation damage induced by the proton beam, and this radiation damage can be evaluated as a function of the displacement per atom (DPA). Therefore, we used the SRIM (stopping and range of ions in matter) to investigate the damage rate induced by a 20-MeV or a 100-MeV proton beam. In this paper, we will introduce the results obtained by using SRIM calculation, for the radiation damage as a function of the proton energy, beam current, target material and target dimension.

We have studied the production of neutral $\Sigma^{0}$ baryons in the reaction p+Nb at an incident proton energy of $E_{\textrm{kin}}$ = 3.5 GeV. The measurement has been performed with the HADES spectrometer at GSI, Darmstadt. $\Sigma^{0} \rightarrow \Lambda^{0} \gamma$ and $\Sigma^{0} \rightarrow \Lambda e^{+} e^{-}$ decays were identified via the charged decay $\Lambda \rightarrow p \pi^{-}$ coincident to $e^{+}e^{-}$ pairs from external or internal gamma conversion. A total of net 220 $\Sigma^0$ candidates has been extracted. We present here the analysis method and the signal verification in simulations.

The results of the Polarimeter upgrade at the Nuclotron internal target are presented. This Polarimeter is intended for experiments to study of the spin structure of two-nucleon and three- nucleon short-range correlations. The measurements are performed in the frame of the DSS project. The simulation of the pd-elastic and pp-elastic scattering for 500 - 1000 MeV proton energy to optimization of the experimental setup is performed.

The Nagoya University Accelerator driven Neutron Source (NUANS) is constructed at the main campus of the Nagoya University. The electrostatic accelerator is used with the maximum proton energy and intensity of 2.8MeV, 15mA(42kW) respectively. Two neutron beamlines are designed at NUANS. The BL1 is dedicated to BNCT development. The BL2 is designed for research and development for neutron devices and neutron imaging. The neutrons used for the BL2 are generated by using the (p, n) reaction from a thin beryllium target. We constructed a compact target station for the BL2 and measured the neutron transmission image.

A realistic density-dependent nucleon–nucleon (NN) interaction with finite-range exchange part which produces the nuclear matter saturation curve and the energy dependence of the nucleon–nucleus optical model potential is used to calculate the preformation probability, S α , of α-decay from different isotones with neutron numbers N = 124 , 126 , 128 , 130 and 132 . We studied the variation of S α with the proton number, Z, for each isotone and found the effect of neutron and proton energy levels of parent nuclei on the behavior of the α-particle preformation probability. We found that S α increases regularly with the proton number when the proton pair in α-particle is emitted from the same level and the neutron level sequence is not changed during the Z-variation. In this case the neutron–proton (n–p) interaction of the two levels, contributing to emission process, is too small. On the contrary, if the proton or neutron level sequence is changed during the emission process, S α behaves irregularly, the irregular behavior increases if both proton and neutron levels are changed. This behavior is accompanied by change or rapid increase in the strength of n–p interaction.

The semi-empirical cross sections have been deduced by individual fittings of the updated experimental data (from 1980 till 2009) and normalized to their corresponding theoretical values (ECPSSR model) for elements with 72≤ Z ≤90 by protons energies varying from 0.1 to 4.0 MeV. Also, based on the individual fittings of the elements and the remarkable deviation of the experimental data from the ECPSSR values for low proton energy, we attempt to deduce another semi-empirical cross sections by introducing the low–high proton energy procedure which separates the fitting of the semi-empirical cross sections for low proton energy from those for high proton energy. Our results are presented for selected heavy elements. Finally, a comparison is made between our results and the experiment.

In this article, the effect of proton irradiation on the DC characteristic of InP/InGaAs heterojunction is studied with varying fluences and proton energies. The current-voltage (I–V) before and after proton irradiation are compared. The result indicates that higher device current is caused by lower energy proton irradiation and the increase of fluences for the proton energy less than 3MeV. The density of interface states increases with the increase of fluences and the more interface states are induced by 3MeV proton irradiation, comparing with 10 MeV proton irradiation, and the simulated result from SRIM is a consistent with the measurement.

A survey of the available single-proton data in $A\ensuremath{\le}17$ nuclei was completed. These data, along with calculations using a Woods-Saxon potential, show that the ordering of the $0{d}_{5/2}$ and $1{s}_{1/2}$ proton orbitals are determined primarily by the proximity of the $s$-state proton energy to the Coulomb barrier. This is analogous to the dependence of the corresponding neutron orbitals in proximity to the neutron threshold, which was previously discussed.

A study of the polarization of \(\Lambda\) hyperons produced in inelastic pN reactions induced by the 450 GeV proton beam from the CERN SPS has been performed with the NA48 detector. The \(\Lambda\) hyperons were detected at a fixed angle of 4.2 mrad in the momentum range from 50 GeV/c to 200 GeV/c. The polarization changes from \(-0.053 \pm 0.034\) to \(-0.298 \pm 0.074\) for a transverse momentum range of the \(\Lambda\) between 0.28 GeV/c and 0.86 GeV/c. The \(\overline{\Lambda}\) polarization is consistent with zero.

Feasibility studies of an observation of the exclusive diffractive bremsstrahlung in proton-proton scattering at the LHC are reported. A simplified approach to the photon and the scattered proton energy reconstruction is used. The background influence is discussed., Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures

Activation cross sections of proton induced reactions on gold for production of (197m,197g,195m,195g,) Hg-193m,Hg-193g,Hg-192, Au-196m,Au-196g(cum),Au-195g(cum),Au-194,Au-191(cum), (191(cum))pt and Ir-192 were measured up to 65 MeV proton energy, some of them for the first time. The new data are in acceptably good agreement with the recently published earlier experimental data in the overlapping energy region. The experimental data are compared with the predictions of the TALYS 1.6 (results in TENDL-2015 on-line library) and EMPIRE 3.2 code. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

SARPUN, Ismail Hakki/0000-0002-9788-699X WOS: 000317973500010 In this study, double differential deuteron emission cross sections for Al-27, Fe-54,Fe-56, Au-197, Pb-208 and Bi-209 target nuclei have been calculated by the TALYS code at 62 MeV proton energy. The use of TALYS involved calculations by the pre-equilibrium exciton model and the Hauser-Feshbach model. The calculated double differential cross sections have been compared with the experimental data taken from the literature. Turkish Accelerator Center (TAC)Turkiye Cumhuriyeti Kalkinma Bakanligi [120470] This work has been supported by Turkish Accelerator Center (TAC) project DPT-2006 K #120470.

We describe the K L 0 flux measurements performed at the J-PARC neutral-kaon beam line. This beam line was constructed for an experiment aiming to observe the CP-violating rare decay K L 0 → π 0 ν ν ¯ . The primary proton energy was 30 GeV and the K L 0 production angle was 16°. Prior to the physics run, the K L 0 flux and spectrum were measured by counting K L 0 → π + π − π 0 decays with a simple setup, which was composed of an electromagnetic calorimeter and a hodoscope system. Results from these measurements are presented and compared with various hadron-interaction simulations.

A numerical optimization of a Beam Shaping Assembly (BSA) for Accelerator Based-Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (AB-BNCT) has been performed. The reaction (7)Li(p,n)(7)Be has been considered using a proton beam on a lithium fluoride target. Proton energy and the dimensions of a simple BSA geometry have been varied to obtain a set of different configurations. The optimal configuration of this set is shown.

The (p,t) transfer reaction is being studied for its potential use in surrogate reaction analyses. A theoretical model has been developed to predict spin-parity distributions of final states excited in the reaction. The model, after comparisons with experimental data, may provide a predictive capability to identify candidate isotopes for measurement. Preliminary results are presented for the 92Zr(p,t)90Zr reaction at incident proton energy E p = 28.5 MeV . New experimental data for this reaction at a similar energy, and for several other stable Zr isotopes, will soon be available.

WOS: 000286211300007 In this study, the He-4-emission cross sections for Al-27, Fe-54,Fe-56, Au-197, Pb-208 and Bi-209 target nuclei have been calculated at 62 MeV proton energy. In these calculations, the pre-equilibrium effects have been investigated. The pre-equilibrium calculations involve the geometry dependent hybrid model and hybrid model. A comparison with theoretical calculations (ALICE/ASH) has been performed and the empirical formulas for the He-4-emission cross sections produced at 62 MeV proton energy have been derived. State Planning Organization of TurkeyTurkiye Cumhuriyeti Kalkinma Bakanligi [DPT-2006K, 120470] This work has been supported by State Planning Organization of Turkey project DPT-2006K #120470. The author would like to thank C.H.M. Broeders for the cooperation on ALICE/ASH code.

The 40Ca(p, dπ+)39K reaction was studied theoretically at a proton energy of 650 MeV within the distorted wave impulse approximation (DWIA) and under the assumption of a quasi-free mechanism of the elementary process pp → dπ+ of pion production. The peripheral nature of the reaction on the nucleus was shown. The influence of the effects of distortions in the initial and final states of the reaction on the differential cross section and other spin-dependent characteristics are discussed.

The generation of proton beams from thin-foil targets on SILEX-Ⅰ is studied. It shows that prepulse has a profound effect on the maximum proton energy. The thinner the target is, the more sensitive it is to the prepulse. Under the laser intensity of 1018 to 3×1019 W/cm2, the maximum proton energy is 0.54 MeV with 190 nm CH target and 3.15 MeV with 3 μm Cu target (back surface plated with 4 μm CH) respectively. Besides, the effect of laser polarization on proton acceleration is also studied. The maximum proton energy accelerated by a circularly polarized laser pulse is a little lower than that by a P-polarized laser pulse with the same laser power density. The mechanism is consistent with target normal sheath acceleration.

The energy dependences of the cross sections for the fission of 232Th to 239Pu nuclei that is induced by protons of energy in excess of 50 MeV are proposed to be approximated by the sum of two functions. Of these, the first decreases exponentially with increasing proton energy. It represents the contribution of two-step fission, which competes with particle evaporation. The second function decreases exponentially as the energy grows to about 200 MeV, whereupon it increases up to an energy of 1 or 2.5 GeV. After that, it again decreases for 232Th to 233U nuclei or remains nearly unchanged for 237Np and 239Pu nuclei. This function is likely to represent the sum of the contributions from three modes of single-stage fission.

The excitation function for the 40Ar(pγ)41K reaction at the accelerated proton energy Ep= 450–2700 keV is studied. Positions of 168 resonances identified as levels of the 41K nucleus are observed in this energy range. The data for the proton energy Ep 2 MeV are obtained for the first time. Relative yields of γ rays observed in the decay of the resonances are calculated from a comparison with the yield of the calibrating resonance at Ep= 1102 keV. Total radiation widths of the resonances are calculated on the basis of the data obtained.

Energetic solar proton events within the energy interval 1–48 MeV at the stage of their decay are considered over the period of 1974–2001. The dependence of the characteristic decay time on the proton energy in the assumed power-law representation τ(E) =E−n is analyzed for the events with an exponential decay form. The dependence of n on the heliolongitude of the flare (the particles source on the Sun) is studied.

New measurement of the energy dependence of pion production on a copper target near 350-MeV proton energy has been performed. The E-170 experiment has been carried out at the Ring Cyclotron Facility of the Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Japan. A small enhancement of the low-energy pion production cross section was observed near the incident proton energy of 352 MeV.

The results of proton energy (tens keV – several MeV) spectrum measurements near geomagnetic equator (L

14th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction, Cracow, Poland, 2 Jun 2016 - 7 Jun 2016; The European physical journal / Web of Conferences Web of Conferences : proceedings proceedings 130, 02010 (2016). doi:10.1051/epjconf/201613002010, We performed a missing-mass spectroscopy experiment of the ^12C(p, d) reaction at 2.5 GeV proton energy in order to search for eta' mesic nuclei. An excitation-energy spectrum of ^11C was obtained around the eta' production threshold. As no significant peak structure was observed in the spectrum, upper limits of the formation cross section of eta' mesic nuclei have been determined. Preliminary results of the experiment as well as future prospects are given., Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis

In the frame of a systematic study of charged particle production routes of medically relevant radionuclei, the excitation function for indirect production of $^{178m}$Ta through $^{nat}$Hf($\alpha$,xn)$^{178-178m}$Ta nuclear reaction was measured for the first time up to 40 MeV. In parallel, the side reactions $^{nat}$Hf($\alpha$,x)$^{179,177,176,175}$W, $^{183,182,178g,177,176,175}$Ta, $^{179m,177m,175}$Hf were also assessed. Stacked foil irradiation technique and $\gamma$-ray spectrometry were used. New experimental cross section data for the $^{nat}$Ta(d,xn)$^{178}$W reaction are also reported up to 40 MeV. The measured excitation functions are compared with the results of the ALICE-IPPE, and EMPIRE nuclear reaction model codes and with the TALYS 1.4 based data in the TENDL-2013 library. The thick target yields were deduced and compared with yields of other charged particle ((p,4n), (d,5n) and ($^3$He,x)) production routes for $^{178}$W.

This paper reports that the experimental excitation functions of reaction (p,n) are measured for 106Pd and 110Pd at proton energy Ep = 6.1−7.5 MeV and Ep = 6.0−7.7 MeV respectively. The off-resonance excitation functions were compared with calculation values of the statistical model. A new formula used to estimate the peak cross section of isobaric analogue resonance was tested and it was found that calculation values agree reasonably well with the present data within experimental error, which confirms that the excitation strength of isobaric analogue state in (p,n) reaction not only depends on its spin, but also proportionally increases with the projectile proton spatial transmission Tp and the spectroscopic factor S for reaction (d,p) on the same target.

We study the kaonic atom and kaonic nucleus formation by the in-flight ($K^-, p$) reactions for C, O, Si and Ca target cases theoretically. Deeply bound kaonic atoms were predicted to exist as quasi-stable states and were expected to be observed in some proper experimental methods. Kaonic nuclear states are also expected to exist with large decay widths. We evaluate the formation cross sections of the kaonic atoms and kaonic nuclei using an effective number approach. We show that the indications of the kaonic bound states can be observed in the outgoing proton energy spectra., Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures: Minor corrections made. Results and Conclusion do not change

The "manganese bath" technique has been perfected to measure the total number of neutrons emitted when 23-80 MeV proton beams bombard a beryllium target. It consists in surrounding the neutron source with a large metallic cylinder filled with a manganese sulphate (MnSO4) solution. The neutrons are slowed down by water and partly captured by manganese (production of Mn-56; T-1/2 = 2.6 h). The absolute calibration has been performed with a Ra-Be neutron source. Corrections have been applied for escaping neutrons in both cases. Our experimental results show that the total number of neutrons produced (S-0) by the p + Be reaction, per second and per microampere of beam, can be approximated (for proton energy E-p between 23 and 80 MeV) by: S-0 = 5.58 x 10(8) (E-p[MeV])(1.69). Some measurements have also been done with a lead target. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A new scanning proton microprobe has been installed at the 5 MV Van de Graaff accelerator of the KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics. It is the energy-upgraded version of the Hamburg proton microprobe dismantled in 2001. The probe forming system includes a pair of focusing quadrupoles and an additional quadrupole pair in front of it, which is applied to increase the proton beam divergence. The average probe size at 2.5 MeV proton energy is 2.2 μm × 1.1 μm. The test results on stability and the preliminary experiments on cement corrosion and fish otoliths are also presented.

We extend the electron small-angle multiple scattering theory to proton penetration. After introducing the concept of narrow energy spectra, the proton energy loss process is included in the proton deep penetration theory. It precisely describes the whole process of proton penetration. Compared to the Monte Carlo method, this method maintains the comparable precision and possesses much higher computational efficiency. Thus, it shows the real feasibility of applying this algorithm to proton clinical radiation therapy.

Simple empirical expressions for transmission of flux and dose through concrete are presented for neutrons from proton induced reactions. For this purpose the neutron emission from different targets in proton induced reactions in the energy range 25–200 MeV have been considered. The calculated effective dose outside a concrete shield shows overall good agreement with the effective dose estimated from measured neutron flux in the framework of the Moyer model. The calculated effective attenuation length shows a rising trend with incident proton energy and shield thickness.

We have simultaneously measured the energy spectra of neutrons and protons emitted in the non-mesonic weak decays of He Λ 5 and C Λ 12 hypernuclei produced via the ( π + , K + ) reaction with much higher statistics than those of previous experiments. The neutron-to-proton yield ratios for both hypernuclei at a high energy threshold (60 MeV) were approximately equal to two, which suggests that the ratio of the neutron- and proton-induced decay channels, Γ n ( Λ n → n n ) / Γ p ( Λ p → n p ) , is about 0.5. In the neutron energy spectra, we found that the yield of the low-energy component is unexpectedly large, even for He Λ 5 .

In the second resonance region of photon energies, the differential yields of neutral and charged pions are measured in the (γ, πp) reactions on Li, C, and Al nuclei versus the proton energy and the azimuthal angle of pion emission. These experimental data are analyzed on the basis of a model that takes into account both single and double quasifree pion photoproduction. This results in deriving the mean free paths of protons and neutral and charged pions and in estimating the transparency of the participant nuclei.