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Shake-table tests, subjected to mainshock–aftershock sequences, were conducted on a 1/3-scaled 3-story steel frame equipped with self-centering viscous-hysteretic devices (SC-VHDs) and its primary frame to investigate the effect of the aftershock on seismic performance. It was found that the SC-VHD can effectively reduce 30%–50% of the peak drift and 50%–80% of the residual drift, respectively. Additionally, the peak and residual drifts of the 3-story primary frame under the mainshock–aftershock sequences were more than those under the mainshock-only sequences, while the peak and residual drifts of the 3-story SC-VHD frame under the mainshock-only and mainshock–aftershock sequences were basically the same. A numerical simulation method for the SC-VHD frame was further developed and validated, based on which 6-, 9-, and 12-story SC-VHD frames were analyzed to investigate the seismic performance of medium- high-rise SC-VHD frames. Both shake-table tests and numerical analysis indicate that the peak and residual drifts of the 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-story SC-VHD frames can meet the design objective under the mainshock–aftershock sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A force-based design approach for steel moment-resisting frames (MRFs) with self-centering viscous-hysteretic devices (SC-VHDs) is proposed. • Plastic hinges distributions and deformation mechanisms for steel-MRFs with SC-VHDs are investigated. • Inelastic displacement profiles for steel-MRFs with SC-VHDs are developed. • A displacement-based design approach for steel-MRFs with SC-VHDs is proposed. A force-based design (FBD) approach is proposed for steel moment-resisting frames (MRFs) with self-centering viscous-hysteretic devices (SC-VHDs) and numerical analysis is conducted on steel MRFs with SC-VHDs designed by the proposed FBD approach. The results indicate that all of these frames satisfy the peak and residual drift criteria under the design basis earthquake (DBE) and the column-to-beam strength ratio should be equal to or more than 1.8 for frames below 8 stories, whilst for frames with 8 stories or more the column-to-beam strength ratio should be equal to or greater than 1.5 to achieve the strong column-weak beam mechanism. Considering the effects of the column-to-beam strength ratio, the seismic intensity, the structural geometric characteristics, and the parameters of the SC-VHD, inelastic displacement profiles of steel MRFs with SC-VHDs are developed. Based on the proposed displacement profiles, a direct displacement-based design (DDBD) approach is proposed for steel MRFs with SC-VHDs, and the effectiveness of both the proposed DDBD approach and the displacement profiles are verified by conducting numerical analysis on steel MRFs with SC-VHDs designed by the proposed DDBD approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]