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In this paper, we study the dynamics of the diphtheria out-break among the immunocompromised group of people, the Rohingya ethnic group. Approximately 800,000 Rohingya refugees are living in the Balukhali refugee camp in Cox's Bazar. The camp is densely populated with the scarcity of proper food, healthcare, and sanitation. Subsequently, in November 2017 a diphtheria epidemic occurred in this camp. To keep up with the pace of the disease spread, medical demands, and disaster planning, we set out to predict diphtheria outbreaks among Bangladeshi Rohingya immigrants. We adopted a modified Susceptible-Latent-Infectious-Recovered (SLIR) transmission model to forecast the possible implications of the diphtheria outbreak in the Rohingya camps of Bangladesh. We discussed two distinct situations: the daily confirmed cases and cumulative data with unique consequences of diphtheria. Data for statistical and numerical simulations were obtained from [1]. We used the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to obtain numerical simulations for varying parameters of the model which would demonstrate conclusive estimates. Daily and cumulative data predictions were explored for alternative values of the parameters, i.e., disease transmission rate (β) and recovery rate (γ). Additionally, the average basic reproduction number for the parameters β and was calculated and displayed graphically. Our analysis demonstrated that the diphtheria outbreak would be under control if the maintenance could perform properly. The results of this research can be utilized by the Bangladeshi government and other humanitarian organizations to forecast disease outbreaks. Furthermore, it might help them to make detailed and practical planning to avoid the worst scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a hydraulic and morphological analysis of the Lower Jamuna in Bangladesh with a focus on two key bifurcations that are important for stabilization of the Lower Jamuna reach. We used ground measurements, historical data, multispectral satellite images from various sources as well as numerical models. We carried out hydraulic analyses of the changes and their peculiarities, such as flow distributions at the bifurcation and hysteresis of the stage–discharge relationships. We supplemented our analysis by using numerical models to simulate discharge distribution at the bifurcations under various flow and riverbed conditions. We developed an advanced and automated satellite image processing application for the Lower Jamuna, referred to as Morphology Monitor (MoMo), using the Google Earth Engine. MoMo was found to be an effective tool for a rapid assessment and analysis of the changes in deep-channel and sandbar areas. It is also useful for monitoring and assessing riverbank and char erosion and accretion, which is important not only for morphological but also ecological impact assessment. The application can be adapted as an operational tool as well. Furthermore, we assessed the evolution of deep channels at the bifurcations based on regularly and extensively measured bathymetry data. The analysis was carried out in complement with morphological modeling, particularly for short-term prediction. In this paper we present the major findings of the analysis and discuss their implications for adaptive river management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the impact of numerical methods used to solve the problem of synthesis of signals modulated in frequency with an autocorrelation function that implements an optimal approximation to a given autocorrelation function. After theoretical introduction an algorithm of frequency modulated signal synthesis is presented. Simulation results made in Matlab are presented in the last section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, a vertically integrated shallow water model is developed. The model includes air bubbles to investigate air bubble effect (sensitivity) on water level due to a tropical storm along the coastal region of Bangladesh. The shallow water equations are solved using doubly nested conditionally stable finite difference schemes for incorporating coastal bending and offshore islands with considerable accuracy in the numerical schemes. A fine mesh scheme has been nested into a coarse mesh scheme in the region of our study. In the fine mesh scheme, all the major islands are incorporated through proper stair step representation. For the existence of so many small and big islands between Barisal and Chittagong and also for high bending of the coastline along the Meghna estuary, a very fine mesh scheme is again nested into the fine mesh scheme. The developed model was then applied to simulate water levels due to surges associated with the cyclones April 1991 and AILA along the coast of Bangladesh. The increases in water levels due to air bubbles were found to be around 2–12% with respect to the reference void fraction 10–70%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A depth integrated two-dimensional numerical modeling was carried out to study the sediment dynamics within the Meghna estuary. The sediment–water dynamics within this estuary are very complex due to its irregular shape, wide seasonal variation, and the changing role of the tide. Both cohesive and noncohesive sediment transport formulations were used to estimate the total transport. An interactive morphological computation was also used to verify the bed level changes over 2 years. Sediment transports of both monsoon and dry seasons (the two most hydrologically pronounced periods in this region) were modeled, and a large seasonal variation in sediment transport pattern was observed. Land reclamation dams were tested by the model and found to be effective in enhancing the accretion in its vicinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]