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Background: Health misinformation is a public health concern. Various stakeholders have called on health care professionals, such as nurses and physicians, to be more proactive in correcting health misinformation on social media., Objective: This study aims to identify US physicians' and nurses' motivations for correcting health misinformation on social media, the barriers they face in doing so, and their recommendations for overcoming such barriers., Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 participants, which comprised 15 (50%) registered nurses and 15 (50%) physicians. Qualitative data were analyzed by using thematic analysis., Results: Participants were personally (eg, personal choice) and professionally (eg, to fulfill the responsibility of a health care professional) motivated to correct health misinformation on social media. However, they also faced intrapersonal (eg, a lack of positive outcomes and time), interpersonal (eg, harassment and bullying), and institutional (eg, a lack of institutional support and social media training) barriers to correcting health misinformation on social media. To overcome these barriers, participants recommended that health care professionals should receive misinformation and social media training, including building their social media presence., Conclusions: US physicians and nurses are willing to correct health misinformation on social media despite several barriers. Nonetheless, this study provides recommendations that can be used to overcome such barriers. Overall, the findings can be used by health authorities and organizations to guide policies and activities aimed at encouraging more health care professionals to be present on social media to counteract health misinformation., (©John Robert Bautista, Yan Zhang, Jacek Gwizdka. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org), 01.09.2021.)

Health misinformation continues to proliferate on social media, and corrective actions have been deemed effective in countering online misinformation. Such corrections are especially effective when performed by healthcare professionals who are considered experts in the field. Informed by third-person effect and social norm theories, this study investigates the role of third-person perception and subjective norms in promoting healthcare professionals' intention to correct and report online health misinformation. This study also examines the effects of exposure to health misinformation across four platforms (i.e., Facebook, Twitter, Facebook Messenger, and WhatsApp) on third-person perception and subjective norms. The survey data collected from 377 medical doctors and nurses in the United States showed that subjective norms predicted all five corrective actions (i.e., public priming, private priming, public rebuttal, private rebuttal, and reporting). Interestingly, the third-person perception was found to reduce private rebuttal intention. Moreover, exposure to misinformation on Facebook triggered third-person perception and subjective norms, whereas Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp showed significant negative associations with third-person perception. These findings provide new insights into the application of third-person effect and social norm theories and suggest the need for tailored interventions to encourage health professionals' participation in combating health misinformation on social media. • Subjective norm enhances healthcare professionals' intention to correct and report online health misinformation. • Third-person perception reduces the intention to correct misinformation through private rebuttal. • Exposure to health misinformation on Facebook triggers subjective norms and third-person perceptions. • Health misinformation encountered on WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger attenuates third-person perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study reports the development and psychometric evaluation of the Smartphone for Clinical Work Scale (SCWS) to measure nurses' use of smartphones for work purposes.Methods: Items were developed based on literature review and a preliminary study. After expert consultations and pilot testing, a 20-item scale was administered in January-June 2017 to 517 staff nurses from 19 tertiary-level general hospitals in Metro Manila, Philippines. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate construct validity. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the predictive validity of SCWS on perceived work productivity.Results: EFA results show that 15 out of 20 items loaded on five factors: communication with clinicians via call and text, communication with doctors via instant messaging, information seeking, communication with nurses via instant messaging, and communication with patients via call and text. CFA results suggest that the five factors that form SCWS have adequate fit to the data, thus supporting construct validity. SEM results suggest predictive validity since SCWS was positively associated with perceived work productivity.Conclusions: The 15-item SCWS showed satisfactory psychometric properties for use in future studies. These studies can focus on identifying factors associated with nurses' use of smartphones for work purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have indicated that nurses use their smartphones for work purposes to enhance productivity. However, few theory-driven quantitative studies have examined factors associated with such use. This study aims to address this research gap by developing and testing a model based on the theory of planned behavior, organizational support theory, and IT consumerization theory. Hypothesis testing used structural equation modeling of survey data from 517 staff nurses employed in 19 tertiary-level general hospitals in the Philippines. Results showed that injunctive norm, descriptive norm, and perceived behavioral control were positively associated with intention to use smartphones for work purposes. Moreover, intention was positively associated with nurses' use of smartphones for work purposes. Interestingly, nurses' use of smartphones for work purposes was positively associated with perceived work productivity and perceived quality of care. An alternative model examines how perceived organizational support indirectly affects nurses’ use of smartphones for work purposes. The discussion considers theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To explore how and why mobile instant messaging applications are used by Filipino nurses as part of their work. Methods Guided by the uses and gratifications theory, in-depth interviews with 20 staff nurses working in 9 hospitals (ie, 4 private and 5 public hospitals) in the Philippines were conducted in July 2015. Interview data were analysed through a phenomenological perspective to thematic analysis. Results Results show that mobile instant messaging applications such as Facebook Messenger and Viber were mostly used by staff nurses and these were accessed using their own smartphones. Thematic analysis indicates that they were used to meet staff nurses' need for information exchange, socialization, and catharsis. Moreover, user interactions vary depending on members within a chat group. For instance, communication via mobile instant messaging applications are much formal when superiors are included in a chat group. Conclusion In general, the results show that mobile instant messaging applications are routinely used by Filipino staff nurses not only for clinical purposes (ie, information exchange) but also for non-clinical purposes (ie, socialization and catharsis). This paper ends with several practical and theoretical implications including future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses' use of personal mobiles phones at work is a growing trend in healthcare organizations. Although recent studies have explored the positive and negative implications of nurses using personal mobile phones at work, none has yet analyzed the interactions of sociotechnical components (users, technology and policy) on nurses' use of personal mobile phones at work.Objectives: Identify sociotechnical interactions by analyzing each sociotechnical component (users, technology and policy) that affects nurses' use of personal mobile phones at work.Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 nurses employed in 13 hospitals in the Philippines. The respondents include staff nurses (n=23), charge nurses (n=4), and nurse managers (n=3). Staff nurses were asked on their use of personal mobile phones at work, while charge and nurse managers were asked on their observations regarding staff nurses' use of personal mobile phones at work. Responses were analyzed qualitatively using sociotechnical analysis.Results: Sociotechnical analysis indicated that staff nurses used their personal mobile phones at work in various ways because its use helped in their nursing work, but inevitably altered a few of their routines. Although most hospitals had policies that prohibit the use of mobile phones, staff nurses justified their use of personal mobile phones by using it for work purposes and for the benefit of their patients. Staff nurses highlighted the absence of hospital-provided mobile phones as a key reason for using personal mobile phones at work. Charge nurses and nurse managers also influenced staff nurses' use of personal mobile phones at work.Conclusions: Nurses could use their personal mobile phones at work for work purposes to enhance their clinical performance and improve patient care. Hospital administrators can leverage on nurses' use of personal mobile phones at work by formulating policies that consider both the benefits and potential drawbacks of mobile phone usage. Recommendations are made for the formulation of hospital policies to optimize the use of personal mobile phones of nurses at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health misinformation on social media is a public health concern, and healthcare professionals can help correct it. However, research on how they correct health misinformation on social media is rare.Objective: To develop a conceptual model that demonstrates how healthcare professionals correct health misinformation on social media.Methods: In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted between January and March 2020 with 30 U.S. healthcare professionals (15 registered nurses and 15 medical doctors). Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling and interviewed via mobile phone calls (using their mobile phone number) or apps (via Zoom or Skype). Interview data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach.Results: This study presents a two-phased conceptual model that shows healthcare professionals' acts of correcting health misinformation on social media (e.g., Twitter and Facebook). The first phase involves acts of authentication by which healthcare professionals verify health-related social media posts to be true or not. They undergo the process of internal acts of authentication (i.e., checking the author, checking for cues, checking the topic) and, if needed, external acts of authentication (i.e., examining the author and examining the content). When social media posts are deemed to contain health misinformation, they proceed to the second phase - acts of correction. In this phase, they undergo correction preparation (i.e., reflect, reveal, relate, and respect) and correction dissemination (i.e., private priming, public priming, public rebuttal, and private rebuttal).Conclusions: The study proposed a conceptual model that shows how healthcare professionals correct health misinformation on social media. The findings can guide healthcare professionals when identifying and correcting health misinformation on and off social media, and can guide health authorities when developing campaigns against health misinformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]