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1. 16p11.2 Locus modulates response to satiety before the onset of obesity.

Author

Maillard AM, Hippolyte L, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Chawner SJ, Dremmel D, Agüera Z, Fagundo AB, Pain A, Martin-Brevet S, Hilbert A, Kurz S, Etienne R, Draganski B, Jimenez-Murcia S, Männik K, Metspalu A, Reigo A, Isidor B, Le Caignec C, David A, Mignot C, Keren B, van den Bree MB, Munsch S, Fernandez-Aranda F, Beckmann JS, Reymond A, and Jacquemont S

Subjects
Adult, Autistic Disorder complications, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Child, Chromosome Deletion, Chromosome Disorders complications, Cognitive Dysfunction etiology, Cognitive Dysfunction genetics, Cognitive Dysfunction physiopathology, DNA Copy Number Variations genetics, Energy Metabolism genetics, Energy Metabolism physiology, Executive Function, Feeding Behavior physiology, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Intellectual Disability complications, Male, Obesity etiology, Obesity physiopathology, Phenotype, Sequence Deletion genetics, Switzerland, Autistic Disorder genetics, Autistic Disorder physiopathology, Chromosome Disorders genetics, Chromosome Disorders physiopathology, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 genetics, Intellectual Disability genetics, Intellectual Disability physiopathology, Obesity genetics, Satiation
Abstract

Background: The 600 kb BP4-BP5 copy number variants (CNVs) at the 16p11.2 locus have been associated with a range of neurodevelopmental conditions including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. The number of genomic copies in this region is inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI): the deletion is associated with a highly penetrant form of obesity (present in 50% of carriers by the age of 7 years and in 70% of adults), and the duplication with being underweight. Mechanisms underlying this energy imbalance remain unknown., Objective: This study aims to investigate eating behavior, cognitive traits and their relationships with BMI in carriers of 16p11.2 CNVs., Methods: We assessed individuals carrying a 16p11.2 deletion or duplication and their intrafamilial controls using food-related behavior questionnaires and cognitive measures. We also compared these carriers with cohorts of individuals presenting with obesity, binge eating disorder or bulimia., Results: Response to satiety is gene dosage-dependent in pediatric CNV carriers. Altered satiety response is present in young deletion carriers before the onset of obesity. It remains altered in adolescent carriers and correlates with obesity. Adult deletion carriers exhibit eating behavior similar to that seen in a cohort of obesity without eating disorders such as bulimia or binge eating. None of the cognitive measures are associated with eating behavior or BMI., Conclusions: These findings suggest that abnormal satiety response is a strong contributor to the energy imbalance in 16p11.2 CNV carriers, and, akin to other genetic forms of obesity, altered satiety responsiveness in children precedes the increase in BMI observed later in adolescence.

Published
2016
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2. Smell-taste dysfunctions in extreme weight/eating conditions: analysis of hormonal and psychological interactions.

Author

Fernández-Aranda F, Agüera Z, Fernández-García JC, Garrido-Sanchez L, Alcaide-Torres J, Tinahones FJ, Giner-Bartolomé C, Baños RM, Botella C, Cebolla A, de la Torre R, Fernández-Real JM, Ortega FJ, Frühbeck G, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Granero R, Islam MA, Jiménez-Murcia S, Tárrega S, Menchón JM, Fagundo AB, Sancho C, Estivill X, Treasure J, and Casanueva FF

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Anorexia Nervosa blood, Anorexia Nervosa complications, Body Weight physiology, Cholecystokinin blood, Feeding Behavior physiology, Female, Ghrelin blood, Humans, Middle Aged, Obesity blood, Obesity complications, Olfaction Disorders blood, Olfaction Disorders complications, Olfaction Disorders physiopathology, Peptide YY blood, Taste Disorders blood, Taste Disorders complications, Taste Disorders physiopathology, Young Adult, Anorexia Nervosa physiopathology, Obesity physiopathology, Olfaction Disorders diagnosis, Smell physiology, Taste physiology, Taste Disorders diagnosis
Abstract

(1) The objective of this study is to analyze differences in smell-taste capacity between females in extreme weight/eating conditions (EWC) and (2) to explore the interaction between smell/taste capacity, gastric hormones, eating behavior and body mass index (BMI). The sample comprised 239 females in EWC [64 Anorexia nervosa (AN) and 80 age-matched healthy-weight controls, and 59 obese and 36 age-matched healthy-weight controls]. Smell and taste assessments were performed through "Sniffin' Sticks" and "Taste Strips," respectively. The assessment measures included the eating disorders inventory-2, the symptom check list 90-revised, and The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, as well as peptides from the gastrointestinal tract [Ghrelin, peptide YY, cholecystokinin]. Smell capacity was differentially associated across EWC groups. Smell was clearly impaired in obese participants and increased in AN (hyposmia in Obesity was 54.3 and 6.4 % in AN), but taste capacity did not vary across EWC. Ghrelin levels were significantly decreased in obese subjects and were related to smell impairment. EWC individuals showed a distinct smell profile and circulating ghrelin levels compared to controls. Smell capacity and ghrelin may act as moderators of emotional eating and BMI.

Published
2016
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3. The processing of food stimuli in abnormal eating: a systematic review of electrophysiology.

Author

Wolz I, Fagundo AB, Treasure J, and Fernández-Aranda F

Subjects
Anorexia Nervosa psychology, Appetite physiology, Arousal physiology, Attention physiology, Binge-Eating Disorder psychology, Bulimia Nervosa psychology, Emotions physiology, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation physiology, Obesity psychology, Anorexia Nervosa physiopathology, Binge-Eating Disorder physiopathology, Bulimia Nervosa physiopathology, Cerebral Cortex physiopathology, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials physiology, Food, Obesity physiopathology, Pattern Recognition, Visual physiology
Abstract

To update the knowledge about attentional processing of food stimuli, a systematic review of electrophysiological studies was conducted using PubMed, PsychInfo and Web of Knowledge (2000-2014). Twenty-one studies were included into a qualitative synthesis. Presentation of food and control pictures was used to analyze event-related potentials related to sensory processing and motivated attention. Results show consistent attentional bias towards food pictures compared with neutral pictures for patient and control groups. Group comparisons between individuals with abnormal-eating and healthy-eating participants were more inconsistent. Results suggest that temporal differences in the millisecond range are essential for the understanding of visual food processing. In obesity, early attention engagement to food is followed by relatice disengagement. Loss of control eating, as well as external and emotional eating, are associated with a sustained maintenance of attention towards high-caloric food. There is a lack of studies in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder., (Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.)

Published
2015
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4. Moderate-vigorous physical activity across body mass index in females: moderating effect of endocannabinoids and temperament.

Author

Fernández-Aranda F, Sauchelli S, Pastor A, Gonzalez ML, de la Torre R, Granero R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Baños R, Botella C, Fernández-Real JM, Fernández-García JC, Frühbeck G, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Rodríguez R, Tinahones FJ, Arcelus J, Fagundo AB, Agüera Z, Miró J, and Casanueva FF

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Body Mass Index, Endocannabinoids blood, Motor Activity, Obesity blood, Obesity physiopathology, Temperament
Abstract

Background: Endocannabinoids and temperament traits have been linked to both physical activity and body mass index (BMI) however no study has explored how these factors interact in females. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to 1) examine differences among distinct BMI groups on daytime physical activity and time spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), temperament traits and plasma endocannabinoid concentrations; and 2) explore the association and interaction between MVPA, temperament, endocannabinoids and BMI., Methods: Physical activity was measured with the wrist-worn accelerometer Actiwatch AW7, in a sample of 189 female participants (43 morbid obese, 30 obese, and 116 healthy-weight controls). The Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised questionnaire was used to assess personality traits. BMI was calculated by bioelectrical impedance analysis via the TANITA digital scale. Blood analyses were conducted to measure levels of endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related compounds. Path-analysis was performed to examine the association between predictive variables and MVPA., Results: Obese groups showed lower MVPA and dysfunctional temperament traits compared to healthy-weight controls. Plasma concentrations of 2-arachidonoylglyceryl (2-AG) were greater in obese groups. Path-analysis identified a direct effect between greater MVPA and low BMI (b = -0.13, p = .039) and high MVPA levels were associated with elevated anandamide (AEA) levels (b = 0.16, p = .049) and N-oleylethanolamide (OEA) levels (b = 0.22, p = .004), as well as high Novelty seeking (b = 0.18, p<.001) and low Harm avoidance (b = -0.16, p<.001)., Conclusions: Obese individuals showed a distinct temperament profile and circulating endocannabinoids compared to controls. Temperament and endocannabinoids may act as moderators of the low MVPA in obesity.

Published
2014
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5. Executive functions profile in extreme eating/weight conditions: from anorexia nervosa to obesity.

Author

Fagundo AB, de la Torre R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Agüera Z, Granero R, Tárrega S, Botella C, Baños R, Fernández-Real JM, Rodríguez R, Forcano L, Frühbeck G, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Tinahones FJ, Fernández-García JC, Casanueva FF, and Fernández-Aranda F

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior psychology, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Young Adult, Anorexia Nervosa psychology, Executive Function, Obesity psychology
Abstract

Background: Extreme weight conditions (EWC) groups along a continuum may share some biological risk factors and intermediate neurocognitive phenotypes. A core cognitive trait in EWC appears to be executive dysfunction, with a focus on decision making, response inhibition and cognitive flexibility. Differences between individuals in these areas are likely to contribute to the differences in vulnerability to EWC. The aim of the study was to investigate whether there is a common pattern of executive dysfunction in EWC while comparing anorexia nervosa patients (AN), obese subjects (OB) and healthy eating/weight controls (HC)., Methods: Thirty five AN patients, fifty two OB and one hundred thirty seven HC were compared using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST); Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT); and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). All participants were female, aged between 18 and 60 years., Results: There was a significant difference in IGT score (F(1.79); p<.001), with AN and OB groups showing the poorest performance compared to HC. On the WCST, AN and OB made significantly more errors than controls (F(25.73); p<.001), and had significantly fewer correct responses (F(2.71); p<.001). Post hoc analysis revealed that the two clinical groups were not significantly different from each other. Finally, OB showed a significant reduced performance in the inhibition response measured with the Stroop test (F(5.11); p<.001) compared with both AN and HC., Conclusions: These findings suggest that EWC subjects (namely AN and OB) have similar dysfunctional executive profile that may play a role in the development and maintenance of such disorders.

Published
2012
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6. A lower olfactory capacity Is related to higher circulating concentrations of endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol and higher body mass index in women

Author

Ana B. Fagundo, Montserrat Fitó, Cristina Botella, Felipe F. Casanueva, Zaida Agüera, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, José Manuel Fernández-Real, Rafael de la Torre, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Francisco J. Tinahones, Klaus Langohr, Joan Rodríguez, Antoni Pastor, Gema Frühbeck, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GRBIO - Grup de Recerca en Bioestadística i Bioinformàtica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía e Saúde Pública, [Pastor,A, Rodríguez,J, Langohr,K, Torre,R de la] Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM (Hospital de Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain. [Pastor,A] Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain. [Pastor,A, Fernández-Aranda,F, Fitó,M, Jiménez-Murcia,S, Botella,C, Fernández-Real,JM, Frühbeck,G, Tinahones,FJ, Casanueva,FF, Torre,R de la] CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. [Fernández-Aranda,F, Fagundo,AB, Agüera,Z] Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain. [Fitó,M] Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain. [Jiménez-Murcia,S] Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Botella,C] Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain. [Fernández-Real,JM] Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdlBGi), Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain. [Frühbeck,G] Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain. [Tinahones,FJ] Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain. [Langohr,K] Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. [Casanueva,FF] Endocrine Division, Complejo Hospitalario U. de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. [Torre,R de la] Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain., The work was supported by the following: Instituto Salud Carlos III, http://www.isciii.es , FIS PI11/210, FIS14/290, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROB), http://www.ciberobn.es, and Agència de Gestió d ́Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), www.gencat.cat/agaur/ , 2014 SGR 1672., and Universitat de Barcelona

Subjects
2-Arachidonoylglycerol, Social Sciences, Dones, Matemàtiques i estadística::Matemàtica aplicada a les ciències [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Índice de masa corporal, Biochemistry, Body Mass Index, Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Psychology, Obesidad mórbida, lcsh:Science, 92 Biology and other natural sciences::92B Mathematical biology in general [Classificació AMS], Contraceptives, Anandamide, Plants, Lipids, Etanolaminas, Obesity, Morbid, Humanos, Smell, Endocannabinoides, Anticonceptivos, Obesitat, Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Alcohols::Amino Alcohols::Ethanolamines [Medical Subject Headings], Olfactometria, medicine.medical_specialty, Trastorns olfactius, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Habits::Smoking [Medical Subject Headings], Olfaction, Glycerides, Investigación::32 Ciencias médicas [Materias], 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Ácidos araquidónicos, Women, Aged, Pharmacology, Biomathematics, Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Rodentia::Muridae::Murinae::Mice [Medical Subject Headings], Matemàtiques i estadística::Estadística aplicada::Estadística biosanitària [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, medicine.disease, Obesity, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, Odor, Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings], lcsh:Q, Medical Devices and Equipment, Body mass index, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Olfacte, lcsh:Medicine, Adipose tissue, Phenomena and Processes::Biological Phenomena::Ecological and Environmental Phenomena::Environment::Odors [Medical Subject Headings], Fats, Eating, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hábito de fumar, Medicine and Health Sciences, Olores, Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Physiological Effects of Drugs::Reproductive Control Agents::Contraceptive Agents [Medical Subject Headings], Multidisciplinary, Femenino, Drugs, Neurochemistry, Middle Aged, Legumes, Endocannabinoid system, Anatomy::Tissues::Connective Tissue::Adipose Tissue [Medical Subject Headings], Physiological Parameters, Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Nutrition Disorders::Overnutrition::Obesity::Obesity, Morbid [Medical Subject Headings], Female, Sensory Perception, Neurochemicals, Research Article, Biotechnology, Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Fatty Acids, Unsaturated::Arachidonic Acids [Medical Subject Headings], Adult, Tejido adiposo, Biomatemàtica, Adolescent, Arachidonic Acids, Gato, 62 Statistics::62D05 Sampling theory, sample surveys [Classificació AMS], Internal medicine, medicine, Olfactometry, Animals, Sampling (Statistics), Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Neurotransmitter Agents::Endocannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings], business.industry, Body Weight, Peas, Smell disorders, Olfactory Perception, Morbid Obesity, Olfato, business, Mostreig (Estadística), Endocannabinoids
Abstract

The endocannabinoid (eCB) system can promote food intake by increasing odor detection in mice. The eCB system is over-active in human obesity. Our aim is to measure circulating eCB concentrations and olfactory capacity in a human sample that includes people with obesity and explore the possible interaction between olfaction, obesity and the eCB system. The study sample was made up of 161 females with five groups of body mass index sub-categories ranging from under-weight to morbidly obese. We assessed olfactory capacity with the “Sniffin´Sticks” test, which measures olfactory threshold-discrimination-identification (TDI) capacity. We measured plasma concentrations of the eCBs 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and N-arachidonoylethanolamine or anandamide (AEA), and several eCB-related compounds, 2-acylglycerols and N-acylethanolamines. 2-AG and other 2-acylglycerols fasting plasma circulating plasma concentrations were higher in obese and morbidly obese subjects. AEA and other N-acylethanolamine circulating concentrations were lower in under-weight subjects. Olfactory TDI scores were lower in obese and morbidly obese subjects. Lower TDI scores were independently associated with higher 2-AG fasting plasma circulating concentrations, higher %body fat, and higher body mass index, after controlling for age, smoking, menstruation, and use of contraceptives. Our results show that obese subjects have a lower olfactory capacity than non-obese ones and that elevated fasting plasma circulating 2-AG concentrations in obesity are linked to a lower olfactory capacity. In agreement with previous studies we show that eCBs AEA and 2-AG, and their respective congeners have a distinct profile in relation to body mass index. The present report is the first study in humans in which olfactory capacity and circulating eCB concentrations have been measured in the same subjects. The work was supported by the following: Instituto Salud Carlos III, http://www.isciii.es, FIS PI11/210, FIS14/290; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROB), http://www.ciberobn.es; and Agència de Gestió d´Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), www.gencat.cat/agaur/, 2014 SGR 1672. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. SI

Published
2016

7. Olfaction in eating disorders and abnormal eating behavior: a systematic review

Author

Islam, Mohammed A, Fagundo, Ana B, Arcelus, Jon, Agüera, Zaida, Jiménez-Murcia, Susana, Fernández-Real, José M, Tinahones, Francisco J, Torre, Rafael de la, Botella, Cristina, Frühbeck, Gema, Casanueva, Felipe F, Menchón, José M, Fernández-Aranda, Fernando, [Islam,MA, Fagundo,AB, Agüera,Z, Jiménez-Murcia,S, Menchón,JM, Fernández-Aranda,F] Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain. [Islam,MA, Fernández-Real,JM, Tinahones,FJ, Torre,R de la, Botella,C, Frühbeck,G, Casanueva,FF, Fernández-Aranda,F] CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición-ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain. [Arcelus,J] Leicester Eating Disorder Service, Bennion Centre, Leicester Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK. [Arcelus,J] Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK. [Jiménez-Murcia,S, Fernández-Aranda,F] Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain. [Fernández-Real,JM] Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdlBGi )Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain. [Tinahones,FJ] Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain. [Torre,R de la] Facultat de Ciencies de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain. [Torre,R de la] Integrative Pharmacology and Neurosciences Systems Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain. [Botella,C] Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain. [Frühbeck,G] Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain. [Casanueva,FF] Endocrine Division, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. [Menchón,JM] CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain., and This manuscript was supported by grants (FISPI11/00210 and PI14/290, and PSI2014-56303-REDT: PROMOSAM) and cofunded by FEDER funds-away to build Europe. CIBEROBN and CIBESAM are both in itiatives of Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII).

Subjects
Phenomena and Processes::Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena::Nervous System Physiological Phenomena::Nervous System Physiological Processes::Sensation::Smell [Medical Subject Headings], Obesidad, Femenino, bulimia nervosa, Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Feeding Behavior [Medical Subject Headings], anorexia nervosa, Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Nutrition Disorders::Overnutrition::Obesity [Medical Subject Headings], Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], systematic review, Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings], Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Eating Disorders [Medical Subject Headings], binge eating disorder, Obesity, Olfato, abnormal eating, olfaction, sniffin’ sticks
Abstract

Journal Article; Review; The study provides a systematic review that explores the current literature on olfactory capacity in abnormal eating behavior. The objective is to present a basis for discussion on whether research in olfaction in eating disorders may offer additional insight with regard to the complex etiopathology of eating disorders (ED) and abnormal eating behaviors. Electronic databases (Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science) were searched using the components in relation to olfaction and combining them with the components related to abnormal eating behavior. Out of 1352 articles, titles were first excluded by title (n = 64) and then by abstract and fulltext resulting in a final selection of 14 articles (820 patients and 385 control participants) for this review. The highest number of existing literature on olfaction in ED were carried out with AN patients (78.6%) followed by BN patients (35.7%) and obese individuals (14.3%). Most studies were only conducted on females. The general findings support that olfaction is altered in AN and in obesity and indicates toward there being little to no difference in olfactory capacity between BN patients and the general population. Due to the limited number of studies and heterogeneity this review stresses on the importance of more research on olfaction and abnormal eating behavior. Yes

Published
2015

8. Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity across Body Mass Index in Females : Moderating Effect of Endocannabinoids and Temperament

Author

Felipe F. Casanueva, Rafael de la Torre, Jon Arcelus, José Manuel Fernández-Real, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Antoni Pastor, Cristina Botella, Roser Rodríguez, Zaida Agüera, Marcela L. Gonzalez, José Carlos Fernández-García, Rosa M. Baños, Roser Granero, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Jordi Miró, Sarah Sauchelli, Javier Gómez-Ambrosi, Ana B. Fagundo, Francisco J. Tinahones, Gema Frühbeck, Universitat de Barcelona, [Fernández-Aranda,F, Sauchelli,S, Jiménez-Murcia,S, Fagundo,AB, Agüera,Z] Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain. [Fernández-Aranda,F, Pastor,A, Torre,R de la, Granero,R, Baños,R, Botella,C, Fernández-Real,JM, Fernández-García,JC, Frühbeck,G, Gómez-Ambrosi,J, Rodríguez,R, Tinahones,FJ, Agüera,Z, Casanueva,FF] CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. [Fernández-Aranda,F, Jiménez-Murcia,S] Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain [Pastor,A] Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain. [Pastor,A, Torre,R de la] Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain. [González,M] Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. [Torre,R de la, Miró,J] Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. [Granero,R] Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain. [Baños,R] Department of Psychological, Personality, Evaluation and Treatment of the University of Valencia, Spain. [Botella,C] Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology of the University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain. [Fernández-Real,JM, Rodríguez,R] Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdlBGi) Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain. [Fernández-García,JC, Tinahones,FJ] Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain. [Frühbeck,G, Gómez-Ambrosi,J] Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. [Arcelus,J] Eating Disorders Service, Glenfield University Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom. [Casanueva,FF] Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, Santiago de Compostela University, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain., This manuscript was supported by grants from Instituto Salud Carlos III (FIS PI11/210 and CIBERobn) and DIUE de la Generalitat de Catalunya (2009 SGR 718), Spain. CIBERObn is an initiative of ISCIII. Sarah Sauchelli is recipient of a pre-doctoral Grant (2013–17) by IDIBELL. Jose C. Fernández-García is recipient of a ‘Rio Hortega’ contract from ‘Instituto de Salud Carlos III’, Madrid, Spain (CM12/00059)., Psicologia, and Universitat Rovira i Virgili.

Subjects
Physiology, Obesidad, Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Mass Index [Medical Subject Headings], Social Sciences, Dones, Índice de masa corporal, Blood plasma, Biochemistry, Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body Weight::Overweight::Obesity [Medical Subject Headings], Body Mass Index, Morbid obesity, Endocrinology, Females, Medicine and Health Sciences, Homeostasis, Psychology, Public and Occupational Health, Body mass index (BMI), Big Five personality traits, media_common, Multidisciplinary, Neurochemistry, Middle Aged, Lipids, Eating disorders, Endocannabinoides, Physiological Parameters, Homeostatic Mechanisms, Medicine, Harm avoidance, Obesitat, Female, Behavioral and Social Aspects of Health, Bioelectrical impedance analysis, Research Article, Personality, Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Fatty Acids, Unsaturated::Arachidonic Acids [Medical Subject Headings], Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Esfuerzo físico, Mujer, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Obesitat mòrbida, Exercici, Motor Activity, Biology, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Personality::Temperament [Medical Subject Headings], Internal medicine, medicine, Phenomena and Processes::Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena::Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena::Musculoskeletal Physiological Processes::Physical Exertion [Medical Subject Headings], Humans, Ácidos araquidónicos, Women, Obesity, Sports and Exercise Medicine, Temperament, Trastorns de la conducta alimentària, Exercise, Motivation, Behavior, Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Neurotransmitter Agents::Endocannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings], Human Movement, Physical activity, Temperamento, Body Weight, Cognitive Psychology, Novelty seeking, Biology and Life Sciences, Moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), Neuroendocrinology, Plasma sanguini, medicine.disease, Morbid Obesity, Metabolism, Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings], Cognitive Science, Energy Metabolism, Physiological Processes, Body mass index, Neuroscience, Endocannabinoids
Abstract

Altres ajuts: This manuscript was supported by grants from Instituto Salud Carlos III (FIS PI11/210 and CIBERobn). Sarah Sauchelli is recipient of a pre-doctoral Grant (2013-17) by IDIBELL. Jose C. Fernández-García is recipient of a 'Rio Hortega' contract from 'Instituto de Salud Carlos III', Madrid, Spain (CM12/00059). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Endocannabinoids and temperament traits have been linked to both physical activity and body mass index (BMI) however no study has explored how these factors interact in females. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to 1) examine differences among distinct BMI groups on daytime physical activity and time spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), temperament traits and plasma endocannabinoid concentrations; and 2) explore the association and interaction between MVPA, temperament, endocannabinoids and BMI. Physical activity was measured with the wrist-worn accelerometer Actiwatch AW7, in a sample of 189 female participants (43 morbid obese, 30 obese, and 116 healthy-weight controls). The Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised questionnaire was used to assess personality traits. BMI was calculated by bioelectrical impedance analysis via the TANITA digital scale. Blood analyses were conducted to measure levels of endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related compounds. Path-analysis was performed to examine the association between predictive variables and MVPA. Obese groups showed lower MVPA and dysfunctional temperament traits compared to healthy-weight controls. Plasma concentrations of 2-arachidonoylglyceryl (2-AG) were greater in obese groups. Path-analysis identified a direct effect between greater MVPA and low BMI (b = −0.13, p = .039) and high MVPA levels were associated with elevated anandamide (AEA) levels (b = 0.16, p = .049) and N -oleylethanolamide (OEA) levels (b = 0.22, p = .004), as well as high Novelty seeking (b = 0.18, p

Published
2014
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9. Association Of Irisin With Fat Mass, Resting Energy Expenditure, And Daily Activity In Conditions Of Extreme Body Mass Index

Author

José Manuel Fernández-Real, Rafael de la Torre, Ana B. Fagundo, María Pardo, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Cristina Botella, Ana B. Crujeiras, Javier Gómez-Ambrosi, Roser Rodríguez, José Carlos Fernández-García, Francisco J. Tinahones, Gema Frühbeck, Zaida Agüera, Maria Amil, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Felipe F. Casanueva, Rosa M. Baños, Xavier Estivill, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina, [Pardo, M, Crujeiras, AB, Amil, M, Casanueva, FF] Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain. [Pardo, M, Agüera, Z, Jiménez-Murcia, S, Baños, R, Botella, C, Torre, R de la, Fagundo, AB, Fernández-Real, JM, Fernández-García, JC, Fruhbeck, G, Gómez-Ambrosi, J, Rodríguez, R, Tinahones, FJ, Fernández-Aranda, F, Casanueva, FF] CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain. [Pardo, M] Obesidómica Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain. [Crujeiras, AB] Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain. [Aguera, Z, Fernández-Aranda, F] Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain. [Jiménez-Murcia, S, Fernández-Aranda, F] Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain. [Baños, R] Department of Psychological, Personality, Evaluation and Treatment, University of Valencia, Spain. [Botella, C] Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, Jaume i University, Castelló, astelló de la Plana, Spain. [Torre, R de la] Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain. [Estivill, X] Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Barcelona, Spain. [Fernández-Real, JM, Rodríguez, R] Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdlBGi), Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain. [Fernández-García, JC, Tinahones, FJ] Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria, Málaga, Spain. [Fruhbeck, G, Gómez-Ambrosi, J] Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinic de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain., and This work was supported by CIBERobn (CB06/03), INTRASALUD Project (no. PI10/02464), and PI13/01915, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) initiatives. The study was also supported by Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria-FIS (PI11/210) and AGAUR (2009SGR1554). Ana B. Crujeiras is funded by the ISCIII through a research contract 'Sara Borrell' (C09/00365). María Pardo is a Miguel Servet Fellow (ISCIII/SERGAS). Ana B. Fagundo is funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Subprograma through a research contract Juan de la Cierva (JCI-2011-09248). José C. Fernández-García is recipient of a 'Rio Hortega' contract from 'Instituto de Salud Carlos III,' Madrid, Spain (CM12/00059).

Subjects
Índice de Masa Corporal, Fibronectinas, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Obesidad, Extreme body mass index, lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Globulins::Serum Globulins::Fibronectins [Medical Subject Headings], Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Association of irisin, Endocrinology, Daily activity, Medicine, Metabolismo energético, Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Eating Disorders::Anorexia Nervosa [Medical Subject Headings], Lower activity, Diabetis, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Motor Activity [Medical Subject Headings], Diabetes, FNDC5, Obesitat, Diseases::Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases::Hematologic Diseases::Blood Protein Disorders [Medical Subject Headings], Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Trastornos de las proteínas sanguíneas, Article Subject, body mass index, Fat mass, Exercici -- Aspectes sanitaris, Anorexia nerviosa, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Resting energy expenditure, Treatment of obesity and diabetes, Ghrelina, Obesity, lcsh:RC648-665, Basal metabolism, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, business.industry, FNDC5/irisin, Phenomena and Processes::Metabolic Phenomena::Metabolism::Energy Metabolism [Medical Subject Headings], Actividad motora, medicine.disease, Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Measurements::Biometry::Anthropometry::Body Mass Index [Medical Subject Headings], Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Nutrition Disorders::Overnutrition::Obesity [Medical Subject Headings], Chemicals and Drugs::Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists::Hormones::Peptide Hormones::Ghrelin [Medical Subject Headings], Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings], Basal metabolic rate, business, Body mass index
Abstract

FNDC5/irisin has been recently postulated as beneficial in the treatment of obesity and diabetes because it is induced in muscle by exercise, increasing energy expenditure. However, recent reports have shown that WAT also secretes irisin and that circulating irisin is elevated in obese subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate irisin levels in conditions of extreme BMI and its correlation with basal metabolism and daily activity. The study involved 145 female patients, including 96 with extreme BMIs (30 anorexic (AN) and 66 obese (OB)) and 49 healthy normal weight (NW). The plasma irisin levels were significantly elevated in the OB patients compared with the AN and NW patients. Irisin also correlated positively with body weight, BMI, and fat mass. The OB patients exhibited the highest REE and higher daily physical activity compared with the AN patients but lower activity compared with the NW patients. The irisin levels were inversely correlated with daily physical activity and directly correlated with REE. Fat mass contributed to most of the variability of the irisin plasma levels independently of the other studied parameters. Conclusion. Irisin levels are influenced by energy expenditure independently of daily physical activity but fat mass is the main contributing factor. The authors thank the volunteers for their participation in the study. This work was supported by CIBERobn (CB06/03), INTRASALUD Project (no. PI10/02464), and PI13/01915, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) initiatives. The study was also supported by Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria-FIS (PI11/210) and AGAUR (2009SGR1554). Ana B. Crujeiras is funded by the ISCIII through a research contract “Sara Borrell” (C09/00365). María Pardo is a Miguel Servet Fellow (ISCIII/SERGAS). Ana B. Fagundo is funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Subprograma through a research contract Juan de la Cierva (JCI-2011-09248). José C. Fernández-García is recipient of a “Rio Hortega” contract from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III,” Madrid, Spain (CM12/00059) SI

Published
2014

10. Executive Functions Profile in Extreme Eating/Weight Conditions : From Anorexia Nervosa to Obesity

Author

Cristina Botella, Laura Forcano, José Manuel Fernández-Real, Ana B. Fagundo, Francisco J. Tinahones, Rafael de la Torre, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Roser Rodríguez, José Carlos Fernández-García, Zaida Agüera, Salomé Tárrega, Felipe F. Casanueva, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Javier Gómez-Ambrosi, Gema Frühbeck, Roser Granero, Rosa M. Baños, [Fagundo,AB, Fernández-Aranda,F] Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain. [de la Torre,R, Jiménez-Murcia,S, Agüera,Z, Granero,R, Tárrega,S, Botella,C, Baños,R, Fernández-Real,JM, Rodríguez,R, Forcano,L, Frühbeck,G, Gómez-Ambrosi,J, Tinahones Madueño,FJ, Fernández-García,JC, Casanueva,FF, Fernández-Aranda,F] CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain. [de la Torre,R] Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain. [Jiménez-Murcia,S, Fernández Aranda,F] Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain. [Granero,R, Tárrega,S] Laboratori d’Estadística Aplicada, Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain. [Botella,C] Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain. [Baños,R] Department of Pyschological, Personality, Evaluation and Treatment, University of Valencia, Spain. [Fernández-Real,JM, Rodríguez,R] Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdlBGi) Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain. [Frühbeck,G, Gómez-Ambrosi,J] Department of Endocrinology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. [Tinahones Madueño,FJ, Fernández García,JC] Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain. [Casanueva,F] Endocrine Division, Complejo Hospitalario U. de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela University, Spain., Financial support was received from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria -FIS (PI081714, PI11/210) and AGAUR (2009SGR1554, 2009SGR718), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Subprograma Juan de la Cierva (JCI-2011-09248), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERsam), are an initiative of ISCIII., and Universitat de Barcelona

Subjects
Male, Anorexia Nervosa, Eating Disorders, Obesidad, Neuropsychological Tests, Audiology, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Executive Function, Cognition, Cognitive neurology, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Imagen Corporal, Human Performance, Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Eating Disorders::Anorexia Nervosa [Medical Subject Headings], Anorexia Nerviosa, Psychiatry, Multidisciplinary, Cognitive flexibility, Neuropsychological testing, Anorèxia nerviosa, Middle Aged, Executive functions, Toma de Conciencia, Clinical Psychology, Mental Health, Pruebas Neuropsicológicas, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), Eating disorders, Medicine, Obesitat, Female, medicine.symptom, Conducta compulsiva, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Impulsivity, Adolescent, Science, Decision Making, Pes corporal, Biology, Young Adult, Neuropsychology, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Trastorns de la conducta alimentària, Nutrition, Behavior, Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Cognition::Awareness [Medical Subject Headings], Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad, Anorexia nervosa, Body weight, Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Nutrition Disorders::Overnutrition::Obesity [Medical Subject Headings], Impulsive Behavior, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavioral Disciplines and Activities::Psychological Tests::Neuropsychological Tests [Medical Subject Headings], Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Perception::Body Image [Medical Subject Headings], Neurocognitive, Decision making, Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood::Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders::Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity [Medical Subject Headings], Stroop effect, Executive dysfunction
Abstract

Background: Extreme weight conditions (EWC) groups along a continuum may share some biological risk factors and intermediate neurocognitive phenotypes. A core cognitive trait in EWC appears to be executive dysfunction, with a focus on decision making, response inhibition and cognitive flexibility. Differences between individuals in these areas are likely to contribute to the differences in vulnerability to EWC. The aim of the study was to investigate whether there is a common pattern of executive dysfunction in EWC while comparing anorexia nervosa patients (AN), obese subjects (OB) and healthy eating/weight controls (HC). Methods: Thirty five AN patients, fifty two OB and one hundred thirty seven HC were compared using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST); Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT); and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). All participants were female, aged between 18 and 60 years. Results: There was a significant difference in IGT score (F(1.79); p

Published
2012

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