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Background: Circuit training is an exercise mode, that may include both endurance and resistance components. There are premises that a combination of these two modalities brings additional benefits, particularly in improving insulin sensitivity. The retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) may inhibit signaling from insulin metabolic pathways in skeletal muscles, thus developing insulin resistance. This study aimed to evaluate whether moderate intensity circuit training combining strength and endurance exercise induces changes in tissue insulin sensitivity, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and serum RBP4 levels in insulin-resistant women.Methods: In this clinical controlled trial women diagnosed with insulin-resistance were randomly divided into two groups. The training group (T) performed circuit training combining strength (50%-80%1RM) and endurance (50%-75%HRR) exercise on five weight and two cardio machines, for 33 minutes, three times per week, for 3 months. Women from the control non-training group (NT) did not change their previous physical activity. At the beginning of the study and after the intervention period, a one-repetition maximum, body mass, and composition, resting heart rate (HR), blood pressure, glucose, insulin, blood lipids, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), RBP4, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured. The results of 27 patients were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA.Results: Significant differences in the pattern of change over time between the groups for resting HR (p < 0.010) and total lean mass (p < 0.039) were found. No differences in HOMA-IR, and RBP4 were observed post-study compared to pre-study in the T group. A significant correlation between RBP4 and TSH concentration was found.Conclusion: Twelve-week circuit training combining strength and endurance exercise has minor effects on HOMA-IR, glucose and lipid metabolism, IGF-1, TSH, and RBP4. Although moderate-intensity circuit training is considered safe, its effectiveness in patients with overweight and mild obesity may be insufficient to reduce insulin resistance.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04528693, registered August 23, 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no consensus exercise programme to reduce body weight and improve body composition simultaneously preventing bone loss or stimulating osteogenesis. This pilot study compared the effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on body composition and bone metabolism in centrally obese women. Recruited subjects were randomly assigned to three-month endurance (n = 22) or endurance-strength training (n = 22). Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were assessed before and after the intervention and markers of bone formation and resorption were measured. Both training significantly decreased fat mass; however, endurance-strength training had a more favourable effect on lean mass for the gynoid area (p = 0.0211) and legs (p = 0.0381). Endurance training significantly decreased total body BMC and BMD (p = 0.0440 and p = 0.0300), whereas endurance-strength training only reduced BMD (p = 0.0063). Changes in densitometric parameters did not differ between the groups but endurance training increased osteocalcin levels (p = 0.04845), while endurance-strength training increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b concentrations (p = 0.00145). In conclusion, both training programmes were effective in the reduction of fat mass simultaneously negatively affecting bone health. However, endurance-strength training seemed to be more effective in increasing lean mass. The study protocol was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov database under the number NCT03444207, date of registration: 23 February 2018 (retrospective registration). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of the study is to compare the effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on endothelial function in women with abdominal obesity. The secondary objectives include the assessment of the effect of both types of training on anthropometric, densitometric and biochemical parameters. In total, at least 100 women will be recruited for the study. The study population will be randomly divided into two groups according to the type of training: endurance and endurance-strength training. During the 3-month of intervention, both groups will be performed three times a week training of an equal exercise volume and duration of 60 minutes. Before and after the intervention selected anthropometric and densitometric parameters will be measured and body composition will be analysed. In addition, biochemical parameters related to glucose and insulin homeostasis, lipid metabolism, antioxidant status, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers and endothelial function will be assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Obesity is associated with kidney defects. Physical activity is a key element in the treatment of obesity. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on kidney function in abdominally obese women. Methods Forty-four abdominally obese women were randomized to endurance training or endurance-strength training, three times a week for 3 months. Before and after the intervention, kidney function was assessed by measuring blood creatinine, urine creatinine, and urine albumin levels, and the albumin-to-creatinine ratio and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were calculated. Results Renal hyperperfusion was present in both groups before the study. Following both types of physical activity, similar modifications of the investigated parameters were observed, but with no significant between-group differences. Both courses of training led to a significant increase in blood creatinine and a subsequent decrease in the GFR. A significant increase in urine creatinine and album levels, though not exceeding the range for microalbuminuria, was not accompanied by any difference in the albumin-to-creatinine ratio after endurance-strength training alone. Conclusion Three months of either endurance or endurance-strength training has a favorable and comparable effect on renal function in abdominally obese women with renal hyperfiltration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Back pain is a frequent symptom in the obese. The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of two training programs on the reduction of back pain among obese women. Methods. The study included 30 obese women who reported back pain within 3 months preceding enrollment. The subjects were randomly allocated to endurance or endurance/resistance physical exercise. The intensity of the exercise was adjusted to 50-80% of HRmax. Back pain intensity, muscle strength of knee flexors and extensors, body balance and body composition were measured before and after training. Results. Both the endurance and endurance/resistance training exerted positive effect on back pain (p < 0.05). Similarly, in both training groups the significant increase in the strength of knee flexors and marked reduction of body fatness (p < 0.001 for all) was documented. However, the interventions' efficacies in selected groups did not differ. Conclusions. Both endurance and combined endurance/resistance training exert positive effect in decreasing back pain and improving functional fitness of obese women. Therefore, both forms of training may be recommended for individuals dealing with the abovementioned problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To compare the effects of endurance training with endurance strength training on the anthropometric, body composition, physical capacity, and circulatory parameters in obese women. Methods: 44 women with abdominal obesity were randomized into groups A and B, and asked to perform endurance (A) and endurance strength training (B) for 3 months, 3 times/week, for 60 min. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and Graded Exercise Test were performed before and after training. Results: Significant decreases in body mass, BMI, total body fat, total body fat mass, and waist and hip circumference were observed after both types of intervention. Marked increases in total body lean and total body fat-free mass were documented in group B. In both groups, significant increases in peak oxygen uptake, time to exhaustion, maximal work rate, and work rate at ventilatory threshold were accompanied by noticeably decreased resting heart rate, resting systolic blood pressure, and resting and exercise diastolic blood pressure. No significant differences were noticed between groups for the investigated parameters. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate evidence for a favorable and comparable effect of 3-month endurance and endurance strength training on anthropometric parameters, body composition, physical capacity, and circulatory system function in women with abdominal obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of study was to investigate the association between oxidative stress and anthropometric and metabolic parameters in middle-aged, overweight or obese women. Venous blood samples were taken from each subject after an overnight fast, and the following parameters were assessed: plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), serum levels of antibodies against oxidized low density lipoproteins (oLAB), serum lipid profiles, and serum glucose and insulin concentrations. Additionally, serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and insulin resistance indices and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated. Correlations were noted between plasma thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), antibodies to oxidized LDL (oLAB), and total antioxidant status (TAS); and blood pressure (BP), insulin resistance parameters and lipids profile. The levels of antibodies to oxidatively modified low-density lipoproteins oLAB correlated with systolic and diastolic BP, TAS correlated negatively with the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). An association was found between oxidative stress and BP, and lipid risk factors in obese and overweight women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited data suggested that inclusion of a strength component into endurance exercises might intensify the beneficial effect of training. However, the available data is limited. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on anthropometric parameters, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, antioxidant status, and inflammatory markers in abdominally obese women without serious comorbidities. A total of 101 women were recruited and randomly divided into endurance (n = 52) and endurance-strength (n = 49) groups. During the three-month intervention, both groups performed supervised sixty-minute training three times a week. All studied parameters were measured pre- and post-intervention period. In total, 85 women completed the study. Both training significantly decreased anthropometric parameters. Besides, endurance training decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase, central aortic systolic pressure, pulse wave velocity, glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant status (TAS), interleukin (IL) 8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, while endurance-strength training decreased MMP-2 concentrations, and increased IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and MMP-9 levels. We observed significant differences between groups for GSH, TAS, and MMP-9 levels. In summary, endurance and endurance-strength training did not differ in the impact on endothelial function and arterial stiffness. However, endurance training significantly depleted the antioxidant defense, simultaneously reducing MMP-9 levels. The study was retrospectively registered with the German Clinical Trials Register within the number DRKS00019832. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Obesity is a risk factor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Although the standard therapy for obesity involves physical exercise, well-planned studies of the changes in liver function in response to different exercise intensities in obese subjects are scarce. The aim of the present study was to examine a question of how does exercise mode affect the liver function. Material and methods 44 women with abdominal obesity were randomized into two exercise groups: endurance (group A) and endurance-strength (group B). Women in each group exercised for 60 min 3 times/week for a 3-month period. Markers of liver function: serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, and bilirubin levels were quantified. Results We found significant differences in ALT (p < 0.01) and AST (p < 0.05) activities between group A and B after training exercise. Blood ALT and AST tended to decrease in group B, increase in group A. Significant reduction in serum GGT level after exercise in both groups was observed (p < 0.001, group A; p < 0.01, group B). Neither endurance nor endurance-strength exercise led to changes in serum ALP activity and total or direct bilirubin level. However, endurance-strength training resulted in significant decreases in serum indirect bilirubin (p < 0.05). Strong positive correlations between serum indirect bilirubin and body mass (r = 0.615; p = 0.0085) and BMI (r = 0.576; p = 0.0154) were found after endurance-strength exercise (group B). Conclusion The mode of exercise does matter: endurance-strength exercise led to a greater improvement, compared to endurance exercise, in the liver function in women with abdominal obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]