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4 results on '"Elisa Savelli"'

1. Panta Rhei benchmark dataset

Author

Heidi Kreibich, Kai Schröter, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Anne F. Van Loon, Maurizio Mazzoleni, Guta Wakbulcho Abeshu, Svetlana Agafonova, Amir AghaKouchak, Hafzullah Aksoy, Camila Alvarez-Garreton, Blanca Aznar, Laila Balkhi, Marlies H. Barendrecht, Sylvain Biancamaria, Liduin Bos-Burgering, Chris Bradley, Yus Budiyono, Wouter Buytaert, Lucinda Capewell, Hayley Carlson, Yonca Cavus, Anaïs Couasnon, Gemma Coxon, Ioannis Daliakopoulos, Marleen C. de Ruiter, Claire Delus, Mathilde Erfurt, Giuseppe Esposito, Didier François, Frédéric Frappart, Jim Freer, Natalia Frolova, Animesh K. Gain, Manolis Grillakis, Jordi Oriol Grima, Diego A. Guzmán, Laurie S. Huning, Monica Ionita, Maxim Kharlamov, Dao Nguyen Khoi, Natalie Kieboom, Maria Kireeva, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Waldo Lavado-Casimiro, Hong-Yi Li, Maria Carmen LLasat, David Macdonald, Johanna Mård, Hannah Mathew-Richards, Andrew McKenzie, Alfonso Mejia, Eduardo Mario Mendiondo, Marjolein Mens, Shifteh Mobini, Guilherme Samprogna Mohor, Viorica Nagavciuc, Thanh Ngo-Duc, Huynh Thi Thao Nguyen, Pham Thi Thao Nhi, Olga Petrucci, Nguyen Hong Quan, Pere Quintana-Seguí, Saman Razavi, Elena Ridolfi, Jannik Riegel, Md Shibly Sadik, Nivedita Sairam, Elisa Savelli, Alexey Sazonov, Sanjib Sharma, Johanna Sörensen, Felipe Augusto Arguello Souza, Kerstin Stahl, Max Steinhausen, Michael Stoelzle, Wiwiana Szalińska, Qiuhong Tang, Fuqiang Tian, Tamara Tokarczyk, Carolina Tovar, Thi Van Thu Tran, Marjolein H. J. van Huijgevoort, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Sergiy Vorogushyn, Thorsten Wagener, Yueling Wang, Doris E. Wendt, Elliot Wickham, Long Yang, Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini, Philip J. Ward, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Uppsala University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), University of Houston, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), Istanbul Technical University (ITÜ), Center for Climate and Resilience Research [Conception] ((CR)2), Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], Operations Department, Barcelona Cicle de l’Aigua, University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Groundwater Management, Deltares, Delft, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Imperial College London, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Water and Climate Risk, and Amsterdam Sustainability Institute

Subjects
Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser, SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation
Abstract

As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions and feedbacks in complex human-water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. Here we present a benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e., two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas and cover a wide range of socio-economic and hydro-climatic conditions. The dataset is unique in covering both floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed, and in the quantity of socio-hydrological data. The benchmark dataset comprises: 1) detailed review style reports about the events and key processes between the two events of a pair; 2) the key data table containing variables that assess the indicators which characterise management shortcomings, hazard, exposure, vulnerability and impacts of all events; 3) a table of the indicators-of-change that indicate the differences between the first and second event of a pair. The advantages of the dataset are that it enables comparative analyses across all the paired events based on the indicators-of-change and allows for detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the extensive data and reports of the individual study areas. The dataset can be used by the scientific community for exploratory data analyses e.g. focused on causal links between risk management, changes in hazard, exposure and vulnerability and flood or drought impacts. The data can also be used for the development, calibration and validation of socio-hydrological models. The dataset is available to the public through the GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al. 2023, link for review: https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/923c14519deb04f83815ce108b48dd2581d57b90ce069bec9c948361028b8c85/).

Published
2023
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2. The challenge of unprecedented floods and droughts in risk management

Author

Heidi Kreibich, Anne F. Van Loon, Kai Schröter, Philip J. Ward, Maurizio Mazzoleni, Nivedita Sairam, Guta Wakbulcho Abeshu, Svetlana Agafonova, Amir AghaKouchak, Hafzullah Aksoy, Camila Alvarez-Garreton, Blanca Aznar, Laila Balkhi, Marlies H. Barendrecht, Sylvain Biancamaria, Liduin Bos-Burgering, Chris Bradley, Yus Budiyono, Wouter Buytaert, Lucinda Capewell, Hayley Carlson, Yonca Cavus, Anaïs Couasnon, Gemma Coxon, Ioannis Daliakopoulos, Marleen C. de Ruiter, Claire Delus, Mathilde Erfurt, Giuseppe Esposito, Didier François, Frédéric Frappart, Jim Freer, Natalia Frolova, Animesh K. Gain, Manolis Grillakis, Jordi Oriol Grima, Diego A. Guzmán, Laurie S. Huning, Monica Ionita, Maxim Kharlamov, Dao Nguyen Khoi, Natalie Kieboom, Maria Kireeva, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Waldo Lavado-Casimiro, Hong-Yi Li, María Carmen LLasat, David Macdonald, Johanna Mård, Hannah Mathew-Richards, Andrew McKenzie, Alfonso Mejia, Eduardo Mario Mendiondo, Marjolein Mens, Shifteh Mobini, Guilherme Samprogna Mohor, Viorica Nagavciuc, Thanh Ngo-Duc, Thi Thao Nguyen Huynh, Pham Thi Thao Nhi, Olga Petrucci, Hong Quan Nguyen, Pere Quintana-Seguí, Saman Razavi, Elena Ridolfi, Jannik Riegel, Md Shibly Sadik, Elisa Savelli, Alexey Sazonov, Sanjib Sharma, Johanna Sörensen, Felipe Augusto Arguello Souza, Kerstin Stahl, Max Steinhausen, Michael Stoelzle, Wiwiana Szalińska, Qiuhong Tang, Fuqiang Tian, Tamara Tokarczyk, Carolina Tovar, Thi Van Thu Tran, Marjolein H. J. Van Huijgevoort, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Sergiy Vorogushyn, Thorsten Wagener, Yueling Wang, Doris E. Wendt, Elliot Wickham, Long Yang, Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini, Günter Blöschl, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Water and Climate Risk, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], University of Houston, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), University of California (UC), Istanbul Technical University (ITÜ), Universidad de la frontera [Chile], Center for Climate and Resilience Research [Conception] ((CR)2), Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], Operations Department, Barcelona Cicle de l’Aigua, University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Groundwater Management, Deltares, Delft, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Imperial College London, Beykent University [Istanbul], University of Freiburg [Freiburg], University of Bristol [Bristol], Cabot Institute, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Greece, Centre de Recherche en Géographie (LOTERR), Université de Lorraine (UL), Research Institute for Geo-hydrological Protection [Perugia] (IRPI), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Università Iuav di Venezia = Iuav University of Venice (IUAV), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Pontificia Bolivariana University, Faculty of Civil Engineering [Bucaramanga], California State University [Long Beach] (CSULB ), Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Emil Racoviță Institute of Speleology (ERIS), Romanian Academy, University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava (USU), Water Problems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), University of Sciences [Ho Chi Minh City] (HCMC), Ho Chi Minh City University of Science (HCMUS), ENVIRONMENT AGENCY BRISTOL GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Technical University of Crete [Chania], Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú, University of Barcelona, British Geological Survey [Wallingford], British Geological Survey (BGS), Centre of Natural Hazards and Disaster Science [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC-USP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Deltares [The Netherlands], Trelleborg municipality, Lund University [Lund], Institute of Environmental Science and Geography [Potsdam], University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, University of Technology, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (Faculty of Chemical Engineering), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), OE OBSERVATORI DE L'EBRE RAMON LLULL UNIVERSITY ROQUETES ESP, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg = Otto-von-Guericke University [Magdeburg] (OVGU), Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Royal Botanical Gardens Kew [London], KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Utrecht University [Utrecht], University of Nebraska–Lincoln, University of Nebraska System, Nanjing University (NJU), Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Institute for Water Education (IHE Delft ), and European Project: 01003276

Subjects
General Science & Technology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, hydrology, datasets as topic, Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser, Settore SECS-P/06 - Economia Applicata, risk management, Flood, DISASTER LOSSES, Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources, extreme weather, Natural disasters, Canvi climàtic, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, ADAPTATION, humans, Multidisciplinary, Science & Technology, Drought, droughts, HAZARD, Catàstrofes naturals, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Floods, internationality, Climatic change, Multidisciplinary Sciences, SOCIAL VULNERABILITY, climate change, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, floods, Inundacions, ENGENHARIA HIDRÁULICA, Science & Technology - Other Topics, MYRIAD-EU
Abstract

Risk management has reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts globally1,2, yet their impacts are still increasing3. An improved understanding of the causes of changing impacts is therefore needed, but has been hampered by a lack of empirical data4,5. On the basis of a global dataset of 45 pairs of events that occurred within the same area, we show that risk management generally reduces the impacts of floods and droughts but faces difficulties in reducing the impacts of unprecedented events of a magnitude not previously experienced. If the second event was much more hazardous than the first, its impact was almost always higher. This is because management was not designed to deal with such extreme events: for example, they exceeded the design levels of levees and reservoirs. In two success stories, the impact of the second, more hazardous, event was lower, as a result of improved risk management governance and high investment in integrated management. The observed difficulty of managing unprecedented events is alarming, given that more extreme hydrological events are projected owing to climate change3.

Published
2022
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3. Integrating Multiple Research Methods to Unravel the Complexity of Human-Water Systems

Author

Elisa Savelli, Elena Raffetti, Johanna Mård, Elena Mondino, V.O. Odongo, Hannah Cloke, Elena Ridolfi, Maurizio Mazzoleni, Faranak Tootoonchi, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Sara Lindersson, Maria Rusca, Di Baldassarre, Giuliano [0000-0002-8180-4996], Cloke, Hannah [0000-0002-1472-868X], Lindersson, Sara [0000-0001-9359-6218], Mazzoleni, Maurizio [0000-0002-0913-9370], Mondino, Elena [0000-0002-4364-4119], Mård, Johanna [0000-0002-8789-7628], Odongo, Vincent [0000-0002-1224-2424], Ridolfi, Elena [0000-0002-4714-2511], Rusca, Maria [0000-0003-4513-3213], Savelli, Elisa [0000-0002-8948-0316], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Apollo-University Of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/global_development_institute, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, MATHEMATICAL GEOPHYSICS, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser, Anthropogenic effects, Debris flow and landslides, 01 natural sciences, Anoxic and hypoxic environments, HYDROLOGY, Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources, Regional planning, interdisciplinarity, INFORMATICS, Anthropocene, Hydrological, Uncertainty assessment, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, uncertainty, 020701 environmental engineering, Uncertainty quantification, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 13 Climate Action, 3707 Hydrology, Drought, POLICY SCIENCES, OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL, Anoxic environments, droughts, 37 Earth Sciences, BIOGEOSCIENCES, General Medicine, Hypoxic environments, Data science, Floods, 6. Clean water, Water management, NATURAL HAZARDS, Geography, Global Development Institute, 13. Climate action, Commentary, 3701 Atmospheric Sciences, sociohydrology, Preparedness and planning
Abstract

Scientific knowledge about floods and droughts, that is, hydrological extremes, provides essential input for policy and decision-making processes in water management, climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction (AghaKouchak et al., 2021; Kundzewicz et al., 2014; Montanari et al., 2013; Takeuchi, 2004; Ward et al., 2020). Hydrologists are often challenged by a range of policy-relevant questions in relation to floods and droughts, including: How are they affected by anthropogenic activities and/or global warming? What will be their frequency, severity and spatial distribution in the coming decades? What are the best strategies to reduce vulnerability and alleviate their negative impacts? Hydrologists alone cannot address these questions. Thus, a very long history of collaboration has evolved across disciplines dealing with water-related issues. Scholars engaged in water resources systems, which started with the Harvard Water Program in the 1960s, provided well-established examples of such inter-disciplinary collaborations (Brown et al., 2015). Over the past decade, more and more hydrologists have argued for further engagement with social scientists, including political ecologists and behavioral econo-has uncovered the major role played by politics and power relations in shaping the complex dynamics of human-water systems (Swyngedouw, 1999). Behavioral economists have demonstrated how cognitive heuristics and biases (Slovic, 1987; Tversky & Kahneman, 1974) influence human behavior and attitude, as well as the way in which people and decision makers think about hydrological risks (Aerts et al., 2018). As such, accounting for both power relations and cognitive heuristics is key to unravel the interplay of floods, droughts and human societies. In this commentary, we first discuss the challenge of predicting floods and droughts in today's human dominated world, and then propose the integration of multiple research methods as a way to cope Abstract Predicting floods and droughts is essential to inform the development of policy in water management, climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. Yet, hydrological predictions are highly uncertain, while the frequency, severity and spatial distribution of extreme events are further complicated by the increasing impact of human activities on the water cycle. In this commentary, we argue that four main aspects characterizing the complexity of human-water systems should be explicitly addressed: feedbacks, scales, tradeoffs and inequalities. We propose the integration of multiple research methods as a way to cope with complexity and develop policy-relevant science. Plain Language Summary Several governments today claim to be following the science in addressing crises caused by the occurrence of extreme events, such as floods and droughts, or the emergence of global threats, such as climate change and COVID-19. In this commentary, we show that there are no universal answers to apparently simple questions such as: Do levees reduce flood risk? Do reservoirs alleviate droughts? We argue that the best science we have consists of a plurality of legitimate interpretations and a range of foresights, which can be enriched by integrating multiple disciplines and research methods. DI BALDASSARRE ET AL. Key Points: • Accounting for both power relations and cognitive heuristics is key to unravel the interplay of floods, droughts and human societies • Flood and drought predictions are complicated by the increasing impact of human activities on the water cycle • We propose the integration of multiple research methods as a way to cope with uncertainty and develop policy-relevant science Supporting Information: Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. Mård, J., et al. (2021). Integrating multiple research methods to unravel the complexity of human-water systems. AGU Advances, 2, e2021AV000473. https://doi.

Published
2021
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4. Don’t blame the rain: Social power and the 2015–2017 drought in Cape Town

Author

Maria Rusca, Hannah Cloke, Elisa Savelli, and Giuliano Di Baldassarre

Subjects
Social power, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, 0207 environmental engineering, Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Water scarcity, Social group, Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources, Politics, Development economics, Social inequality, 020701 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, media_common, Sociohydrology, Unequal water insecurity, 15. Life on land, Political ecology, 6. Clean water, Droughts, 13. Climate action, Legacy, Elite, Psychological resilience, Water use, Social inequalities
Abstract

Sociohydrology has advanced understandings of water related phenomena by conceptualizing changes in hydrological flows and risks as the result of the interplay between water and society. However, social power and the heterogeneity of human societies, which are crucial to unravel the feedback mechanisms underlying human-water systems, have not been sufficiently considered. In response, this paper proposes an interdisciplinary approach that draws on political ecology perspectives to combine sociohydrological insights with analyses of social power and of the ways in which different social groups distinctively interact with water systems. We draw on empirical evidence of Cape Town’s water insecurity before and during the prolonged drought (2015–2017) that escalated into a severe water crisis, also known as Day Zero. The study integrates times series of reservoir storage and water consumption with 40 interviews and focus group discussions to firstly retrace the historical legacy of Colonial rules, Apartheid and, more recently, neoliberal policies. Within this human-water system, we show how Cape Town’s political legacy has encouraged unsustainable levels of water consumption amongst the (white) elite and tolerated chronic water insecurity amongst (black) informal dwellers. This uneven geography of water insecurity is also discernible in the unequal experiences of drought and water resilience trajectories of diverse social groups across Cape Town. We conclude that accounting for social power and inequalities can advance sociohydrology by identifying those mechanisms (within society) that determine what water is secured and what human-water interactions and dynamics will be sustained over time. Furthermore, by engaging with social power, sociohydrology can play a significant role in informing policies that reduce inequalities in water access and unsustainable water use.

Published
2021
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