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Background: Internet has become an indispensable source of health‐related information. However, several studies have shown there to be a lack of quality control for webpages related to disability. Specifically, available content concerning Down syndrome (DS) and dentistry is limited and of dubious quality. Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the quality of online content in Spanish and Portuguese on dental care for individuals with DS. Methods: A simultaneous search in Google and Bing using the terms "Down syndrome" and "odontology/dentist/dental treatment" in Spanish and Portuguese was conducted in seven Ibero‐American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Spain, Mexico, and Portugal). The first 100 consecutive pages of results from the three combinations of terms in each of the search engines were accessed and selected by applying conventional exclusion criteria. The selected pages were classified according to their authorship, specificity and dissemination potential. The quality of the online content was assessed using the DISCERN questionnaire and the Questionnaire to Evaluate Health Web Sites According to European Criteria (QEEC). The presence of the Health On Net (HON) and Accredited Medical Website (AMW) seals was also assessed. Results: The mean DISCERN score was 2.51 ± 0.85 and 2.57 ± 0.86 for the Spanish and Portuguese webpages, respectively. The mean readability score was 3.43 ± 1.26 and 3.25 ± 1.08 for the Spanish and Portuguese webpages, respectively. None of the selected webpages presented the HONcode or AMW trust seals. Conclusions: The content available online in Spanish and Portuguese regarding Down syndrome and dentistry is scarce and of highly questionable quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the differences in mechanical properties between acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) samples produced using fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereolithography (SLA) using ABS filaments and ABS-like resin, respectively. The central question is to determine how these distinct printing techniques affect the properties of ABS and ABS-like resin and which method delivers superior performance for specific applications, particularly in dental treatments. The evaluation methods used in this study included Shore D hardness, accelerated aging, tensile testing, Izod impact testing, flexural resistance measured by a 3-point bending test, and compression testing. Poisson's ratio was also assessed, along with microstructure characterization, density measurement, confocal microscopy, dilatometry, wettability, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nanoindentation. It was concluded that ABS has the same hardness in both manufacturing methods; however, the FDM process results in significantly superior mechanical properties compared to SLA. Microscopy demonstrates a more accurate sample geometry when fabricated with SLA. It is also concluded that printable ABS is suitable for applications in dentistry to fabricate models and surgical guides using the SLA and FDM methods, as well as facial protectors for sports using the FDM method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The knowledge of the morphology of the human mandible is essential for diverse dental procedures. The potential anatomical variations of the bone, including the presence of accessory foramina, may culminate in significant clinical outcomes and implications, directly impacting dental surgery and anesthesia. Aim of study: This study aimed to evaluate the general morphology of human mandibles in the collection of the State University of Londrina, South Brazil, and to determine the presence of anatomical variations. Materials and methods: A total of 63 mandibles were measured bilaterally with a pachymeter for various dimensions, and a proportional calculation of each parameter was obtained, based on the size of the length of each mandibular base. In addition to the general descriptive morphology of the mandibles, considering that six mandibles presented duplicated foramina, they were divided into two groups, and the mandibles with no anatomical variation (normal group, N = 57) were compared to those with duplicated foramina (N = 6). Data were checked for normal distribution and then tested statistically. Results: Six out of 63 mandibles (9.52 %) presented duplicated foramina, either mental or mandibular. Significant differences between the normal group and the duplicated foramina group were found in the lengths between mandibular angle and condylar process on both sides (right: 65.14 mm vs. 74.91 mm, p = 0.001; left: 65.04 mm vs. 72.34 mm, p = 0.019); between mandibular angle and coronoid process on the right side (59.55 mm vs. 67.67 mm, p = 0.007); and in the diameter of the left mandibular foramen (3.71 mm vs. 4.64 mm, p = 0.04), with the duplicated foramina group presenting a higher average for all parameters. Conclusion: These findings provide a morphological pattern for the Department of Anatomy of the State University of Londrina collection and highlight the presence of anatomical variations of the human mandible, specifically regarding duplicated foramina. The presence of accessory mental and mandibular foramina is clinically significant for dental procedures, potentially impacting the anesthesia. Understanding these variations is crucial for dental surgeons to prevent complications. Future research should further explore the functional implications and clinical significance of these variations.

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper touches upon the history of biological anthropology study of the Tagar culture bearers that inhabited the Southern Siberia in the VIII–II centuries BC. The author of the research highlighted the key issues of biological anthropology studies of the Tagar culture: 1) The genesis issues of the Tagar culture (the discussion about the contribution of the Karasuk culture representatives to the formation of the Tagar population anthropological composition); 2) The issue of classifying burials in barrows by timeline, resulting in attribution of individuals from different timelines to a single sampling in anthropological research; 3) The issue of grouping paleoanthropological material due to the constant revision of the chronology of the Tagar culture; 4) The issue of intergroup variability (morphological changes on the bone remains of the Tagar culture population from different timelines). The author extensively examines the key papers by anthropologists of the XX century, dedicated to studying the population of the Tagar culture. The author reviewed the main theories and hypotheses on the genesis issues of the Tagar culture population made by G.F. Debets, V.P. Alekseyev, V.A. Dremov, and A.G. Kozintsev. The current state of anthropological studies of the Tagar culture population is analyzed in the paper.

Odontology is the study of dental disease and structure. The human jaw consists of 32 teeth divided into four categories: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Every human has two sets of teeth in their life, a set of temporary teeth and a set of permanent teeth. To detect issues in the jaw, the dentist usually suggests scans such as OPG, CBCT, or CTs. OPG is a panoramic X-ray of the upper and lower jaws, whereas CBCT is a medical imaging procedure that uses divergent X-ray computed tomography. While OPG X-rays are generally preferred by dentists since they do not leave any radiation on the patient's anatomical tissues and are effective, easy, and quicker to analyze, CT scan images offer more detailed information than ordinary Xrays. In this paper, we'll go over many methods and models that other researchers in the same field have used to determine a person's age just by looking at scans or X-rays. The radiographs can also be used to identify other patterns, such as missing teeth, impacted teeth, the contour of the jaw, and the growth of the molar teeth. Some of these are also very important in the age estimation procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents paleoanthropological materials from the early period of the functioning of the Berel burial mound Pazyryk culture. The monument is located in Altai (Republic of Kazakhstan). The author presents craniological, odontological data and evidence of post-mortem manipulations with the bones of individuals from large mounds that belonged to people of high social status. The physical characteristics of the population represented in the burial mound find analogies both in the Pazyryk culture and among the population of the Saka cultures of Central Asia. The presence of a female skull with a Mongoloid appearance in mound 16 confirms already existing ideas about the participation of individuals with an eastern, Mongoloid appearance in the full life of the Pazyryk community. Post-mortem manipulations with bodies, traces of which are recorded on the skeletal remains of persons of high social status at the Berel burial mound, significantly complement the database for understanding the nuances of burial traditions associated with the artificial mummification of bodies. Farewell ceremonies in a nomadic lifestyle are not always possible in a short time. It can be assumed that the mummification of bodies was a preparatory stage for a complex and lengthy process of farewell traditions before the burial of the body in an arid climate.

Background. The study of the of the dental system and the postcranial skeleton of people which lived in distant historical epochs make understand how exogenous conditions affect the physique, constitution and other specificity of the human body. Material and methods. The studied materials consisted of the incomplete postcranial skeleton and fragments of the skull (including the right maxilla and mandible) of man 20-30 years old. This individual lived in the late 17th – beginning 18th centuries in Penza. The individual’s dental system has been studied in accordance with the methodology of A.A. Zubov and his following. Elements of the postcranial skeleton were studied according to the method of R. Martin. Results. The individual did not have odontological attributes typical of the eastern odontological branch. Attributes of the reduction complex of the dental system are weakly expressed. The most probable height of the individual was 167.9 cm (average height according to D.V. Pezhemsky’s rubrication). The left femur was characterized by the large pilaster- index, the high robustness-index, and low the torsion. Eurymeria was characteristic of both femur bones. Tibia bones had the massive structure. The right and left tibia bones were differed in size of the knemia index and the torsion angle. Conclusions. The eurymeria two femurs and the large pilaster-index of the left femur could be of the result of significant physical stress. Partial asymmetry of the tibia could be result of the unbalanced loading on the left and right legs as the result of the lameness of the individual.

The taxonomy of the enigmatic dark-mouth skate, Bathyraja arctowskii (Dollo, 1904), from the Southern Ocean was finally resolved after more than 100 years of ambiguity in 2021. This species is the smallest known species of the species-rich deep-water skate genus Bathyraja Ishiyama, 1958, which attains a total length of only about 61 cm and appears to be a wide-ranging and locally common species in the Southern Ocean. It differs from its congeners in the small adult size, dark-pigmented mouth cavity and underside of nasal curtain, lack of thorns on upper disc, as well as small and slender egg cases. Although the identity of this species was unambiguously clarified, the syntype egg cases could not be examined due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This examination has now become possible, and detailed data of the syntypes are provided in the present paper for the first time, together with hitherto unknown details of tooth, dermal denticle and thorn morphology. Furthermore, a lectotype and two paralectotypes are designated from the syntypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Odontológica Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease that could indirectly affect oral health, and it is necessary for dentists to be familiar with the specific needs of patients with epilepsy. Therefore, aim of the present study was to assess the factors associated with the level of knowledge about management of epileptic patients in Peruvian dental students. Methods This analytical, observational, cross-sectional and prospective study assessed 312 dental students from a Peruvian university during February to April 2022. A validated questionnaire of 20 closed multiple-choice questions was used to measure the level of knowledge about dental management in epileptic patients. A logit model was used to assess the influence of variables: gender, age, year of study, marital status, place of origin and area of residence, with the level of knowledge in dental students considering a significance level of p 0.05). Conclusion Most of the students showed a poor and fair level of knowledge about the dental management of epileptic patients, with gender, academic year and place of origin being influential factors. It is advisable that authorities and teachers in the dental profession organize recurrent training programs on the care of patients with chronic diseases requiring special attention, since knowing general concepts, pharmacological management and dental care of epileptic patients will allow future dentists to develop competencies to improve and implement good quality care protocols for this group of patients.

Introduction. The history of Tuva’s anthropological study dates back almost a century, and interest in this region never faded to date. In this regard, there is a need to summarize all related research publications, clarify the periodization of stages in the study of Tuvan physical anthropology. Goals. The work primarily aims to summarize all collected data on anthropological appearances of Tuvans and identify problem areas in this topic, as well as prospects for further research. Part One shall introduce a step-by-step history of the study of Tuvan physical anthropology, with due regard of the development of biological anthropology in Russia. Results. The paper provides a detailed analysis of ethnic anthropology results comprising head, face and physique measurements and descriptive data, dental and dermatoglyphic parameters. Data from a number of anthropological systems make it possible to determine the place of Tuvans among Siberian Mongoloids, delineate some local variants within the population of Tuva. Conclusions. Despite there is a most detailed anthropological description of Tuvans, some aspects of their intra-group differentiation remain unresolved — especially taking into account the existing tribal subdivision — just like the case with the formation of Tuvan anthropological appearances during the medieval era and modern times, which sets new vectors for further research of Tuva’s population.

Lip traces and teeth marks can play an important role in identifying people, as forensic sciences based on new technologies are constantly evolving. As for lips, the pattern of wrinkles on them has individual characteristics like fingerprints, so lip print studies have come to attract the attention of scientists as a new tool for human identification. Coming into contact with the body or clothing of other people, with smoking items and various kitchen utensils, the lips, through cosmetic deposits, saliva deposits and food, form traces that are suitable for use in criminal investigation activity. Scientific research undertaken by specialists in the field demonstrates that lip traces can reproduce characteristic elements of shape, size and relief (disposition of the papillae, the vertical groove of the upper lip, and the dimple of the lower lip) which, under certain conditions, can ensure the identification of the author. In their turn, teeth marks have an important value in identifying people, they can be found especially in the case of crimes of violence, rape, robbery (both on the body of the victim and the aggressor), but also in the case of other non-violent crimes, when such traces are left on the crime scene in various bitten food products (cheeses, fruits, such as apples, pears, etc.), capable of delicately preserving the details of the teeth pattern. In both cases, through this study we aimed to highlight the most important aspects related to the forensic research of lip traces and teeth marks, their expertise, as well as the limits and challenges related to the probative value of the expertise carried out in the case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tyragetia is the property of National Museum of History of Moldova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Studies devoted to the analysis of the odontological features of paleoanthropological material and modern population reveal epochal changes in dental structures, as well as ethnic and specific features of the population of individual regions. The study of odontological structures of different epochs allows to obtain information about the reduction and its speed, as well as the prevalence of dental anomalies in individual regions. Aim. To identify the changeability of the values of the dimensional parameters of maxillary teeth of the population of the city of Krasnoyarsk, taking into account the time vector. Materials and methods. The current odontometric study was conducted on the modern population of Krasnoyarsk (n=331), the craniological material of the Pokrovsky Necropolis (XVII century, n=73), and the Vsekhsvyatskiy Necropolis (XVIII­–XIX centuries, n=50). The study was carried out on mesiodistal (MDcor) and vestibulo-oral (VOcor) crown diameters. The modules of teeth crowns (mcor) and the average module of dental crown (mcor M(1-3) (according to the modules of molar crowns) were calculated to characterize the dimensional parameters of teeth crowns in each group in order to determine the general characteristics of the absolute size of the teeth in the jaw. Results. Both in female and male samples, the reduction of mesio-distal and vestibulo-oral diameters of some teeth, and accordingly, the reduction of teeth-crown module was revealed. The reduction of maxillary teeth-crown module among the population of Krasnoyarsk of the XVII–XIX is more marked among women. The crown module of right maxillary canine (13 tooth) reduced by 6.41% among women and 3.03% among men by the XXI century. The crown module of 23 tooth reduced by 6,43 % and 2,77% among women and men respectively. Significant reduction of teeth-crown dimensions and modules of teeth 25, 26, 27 by 4,62%, 3,17 % and 1,55% is typical for women, whereas this tendency is not specific to men. Conclusions. The analysis of the variability of maxillary teeth-crown modules confirmed the ongoing processes of teeth reduction. The obtained dimensions of the average maxillary teeth-crown module reveal the microdontia in females and mesodontia in males.

Although believed to be reliable in children, dental age estimations have reportedly shown variations in their accuracy levels, indicating regional differences. The present paper aims to study the error threshold of the Nolla, Demirjian and Willems methods for age estimation of North Indian children. Digital orthopantomograms of 168 children aged 3-15 years were analyzed for the three methods. Demirjian dental age was found to be closest to the mean chronological age, as indicated by the p-value of paired t-test. The error range for the Willems and Demirijian methods was ±5 years with 87.5% of cases showing error within the range of ±2 years, and it was ±6 years with 84.5% of cases showing error within ±2 years using the Nolla method. The mean absolute error for the Nolla, Demirjian and Willems methods was 1.09, 1.10 and 0.97 years, respectively. The Willems method was better suited for dental age estimation of the studied population, though none of the methods precisely estimated the age of the participants. Wide variations in age estimates of varied population groups may be due to differences in statistical methods or genetic factors. Thus, comparison of the methods for different populations by the same researcher is suggested to reduce certain biasness (statistical methodology) in the study.

Background: Fire intelligence is the multidisciplinary basis of reconnaissance, which includes determining the origin, cause, and identification of fire victims. Fire is a destructive force capable of inflicting significant damage. Destruction of soft tissue in fire disasters makes victim identification nearly impossible. Teeth are hard and resilient and withstand such conditions. Analyzing the precise morphological, stereomicroscopic, histological, and gravimetric findings can extract valuable information from dental evidence in forensic investigations. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six mandibular premolar teeth extracted for therapeutic purposes were exposed to high-temperature gradients. Macros copic, stereomicroscopic, histological, and dry weight analyses were performed at each temperature gradient. Results: The colour of teeth changed from yellowish orange to metallic black bronze to chalky white. Stereomicroscopy showed intact teeth at 100°C, gradual micro-cracks at 500°C, and a fully fractured crown at 900°C. Decalcified sections revealed dilatation of dentinal tubular pattern at 300°C. Dentinal tubules showed appearance of vapour bubbles at 400°C, resulting in loss of typical architecture. In the ground sections, alterations in scalloping nature of dentino-enamel junction, coalescing radicular dentinal tubules, and sand cracking appearance of teeth were noted at 100°C, 300°C, and 900°C, respectively. Significant reductions in the weight of the teeth samples were observed with higher temperatures. Conclusion: From the morphological, histological, and gravimetric changes in a tooth caused by fire, it might be possible to determine the temperature and duration of fire exposure, and the cause of the fire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The taxonomy of the enigmatic dark-mouth skate, Bathyraja arctowskii (Dollo, 1904), from the Southern Ocean was finally resolved after more than 100 years of ambiguity in 2021. This species is the smallest known species of the species-rich deep-water skate genus Bathyraja Ishiyama, 1958, which attains a total length of only about 61 cm and appears to be a wide-ranging and locally common species in the Southern Ocean. It differs from its congeners in the small adult size, dark-pigmented mouth cavity and underside of nasal curtain, lack of thorns on upper disc, as well as small and slender egg cases. Although the identity of this species was unambiguously clarified, the syntype egg cases could not be examined due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This examination has now become possible, and detailed data of the syntypes are provided in the present paper for the first time, together with hitherto unknown details of tooth, dermal denticle and thorn morphology. Furthermore, a lectotype and two paralectotypes are designated from the syntypes.

The increasing resistance to antibiotic treatments highlights the need for the development of new antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been studied to be used in clinical settings for the treatment of infections. Endogenous AMPs represent the first line defense of the innate immune system against pathogens; they also positively interfere with infection-associated inflammation. Interestingly, AMPs influence numerous biological processes, such as the regulation of the microbiota, wound healing, the induction of adaptive immunity, the regulation of inflammation, and finally express anticancer and cytotoxic properties. Numerous peptides identified in chromaffin secretory granules from the adrenal medulla possess antimicrobial activity: they are released by chromaffin cells during stress situations by exocytosis via the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. The objective of the present review is to develop complete informations including (i) the biological characteristics of the AMPs produced after the natural processing of chromogranins A and B, proenkephalin-A and free ubiquitin, (ii) the design of innovative materials and (iii) the involvement of these AMPs in human diseases. Some peptides are elective biomarkers for critical care medicine, may play an important role in the protection of infections (alone, or in combination with others or antibiotics), in the prevention of nosocomial infections, in the regulation of intestinal mucosal dynamics and of inflammation. They could play an important role for medical implant functionalization, such as catheters, tracheal tubes or oral surgical devices, in order to prevent infections after implantation and to promote the healing of tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic-laden bone substitutes represent a viable option in the treatment of bone and joint infections with bone defects. In particular, the addition of silver ions or silver nanoparticles to bone substitutes to achieve local antiseptic activity could represent a further contribution, also helping to prevent bacterial resistance to antibiotics. An in-depth search of the main scientific databases was performed regarding the use of silver compounds for bone substitution. The available evidence is still limited to the preclinical level: 22 laboratory studies, 2 animal models, and 3 studies, with both in vitro and in vivo analysis, were found on the topic. Numerous biomaterials have been evaluated. In vitro studies confirmed that silver in bone substitutes retains the antibacterial activity already demonstrated in coatings materials. Cytotoxicity was generally found to be low and only related to silver concentrations higher than those sufficient to achieve antibacterial activity. Instead, there are only a few in vivo studies, which appear to confirm antibacterial efficacy, although there is insufficient evidence on the pharmacokinetics and safety profile of the compounds investigated. In conclusion, research on bone substitutes doped with silver is in its early stages, but the preliminary findings seem promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the effectiveness of a specific manual therapy, Fascial Manipulation® (FM), in comparison with conventional treatments in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients using a two-arm randomized controlled trial. Methods: The study consisted of 28 patients that were divided in two groups (Group 1: Fascial Manipulation® vs. Group 2: conventional TMD treatment). The Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), RDC/TMD, electromyography (EMG) and Pression/Pain Evaluation on Masseter and Temporalis Muscle were assessed with different times. Results: In both groups, the improvement in pain was evident on the VRS scale (p < 0.0001) and pain-free opening (p < 0.001). In Group 1, the recovery of the function was faster; maximum unassisted opening T0 vs. T1 (p = 0.001). Conclusions: FM® can be used as an effective method for facial pain, being a rapid, safe and cost-effective approach to reduce pain, gain function and mouth opening that can be used prior to occlusion stabilization appliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of History / Habaršy Tarihi Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The increasing resistance to antibiotic treatments highlights the need for the development of new antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been studied to be used in clinical settings for the treatment of infections. Endogenous AMPs represent the first line defense of the innate immune system against pathogens; they also positively interfere with infection-associated inflammation. Interestingly, AMPs influence numerous biological processes, such as the regulation of the microbiota, wound healing, the induction of adaptive immunity, the regulation of inflammation, and finally express anti-cancer and cytotoxic properties. Numerous peptides identified in chromaffin secretory granules from the adrenal medulla possess antimicrobial activity: they are released by chromaffin cells during stress situations by exocytosis via the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. The objective of the present review is to develop complete informations including (i) the biological characteristics of the AMPs produced after the natural processing of chromogranins A and B, proenkephalin-A and free ubiquitin, (ii) the design of innovative materials and (iii) the involvement of these AMPs in human diseases. Some peptides are elective biomarkers for critical care medicine, may play an important role in the protection of infections (alone, or in combination with others or antibiotics), in the prevention of nosocomial infections, in the regulation of intestinal mucosal dynamics and of inflammation. They could play an important role for medical implant functionalization, such as catheters, tracheal tubes or oral surgical devices, in order to prevent infections after implantation and to promote the healing of tissues.

Dental comparison is internationally accepted as one of the primary scientific methods of identification of a deceased person or persons. With advances in modern technology, the use of Post-Mortem Computed tomography to aid forensic medicine and forensic odontology is on the increase. In this study, we explore if odontologists with varying levels of experience in forensic odontology, and more specifically with charting from a Multi-Planar Reformation, can confidently extrapolate data of equivalent value from computer tomographic images as traditional radiographs. Australian odontologists were asked to complete a questionnaire which required dental charting from a variety of radiographic images and explored the practitioner's confidence in the records produced. Experience level was shown to have very little impact upon the confidence of charting from Computed Tomography images alone especially in the presence of metallic restorations. The results of the survey indicate that currently practitioners are not confident in charting from a Multi-Planar Reformation alone and that traditional physical and radiographic examinations are still indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The dental department of the University Hospital of Nice has set the "box of horrors," an innovative concept inspired by the "room of horrors," created in 2006 in Canada, and utilized since 2011 in France. Purpose: The aim was to assess the impact and perceived value of this clinical practice game utilized by fourth‐year dental students. Methods: This pilot study following a cross‐sectional pre‐ and posttest research design was used to assess students' change in performance. The experimental group was divided into 12 students teams (n = 50). A questionnaire was completed before they entered the box; they had then to find out 10 errors hidden in the box in a set time. A debriefing was held immediately after. The control group answered the same questions but did not follow the course inside the box. The percentages of correct answers were compared between the two groups with a Mann–Whitney test, and the scores per student were analyzed with a mixed effects ordinal multiple logistic regression. Finally, a satisfaction questionnaire was proposed. Results: After the course, the students from the experimental group performed 94% correct answers, while those from the control group showed 78% (significant difference). The outcome of the mixed effect multiple regression showed a significant group effect (p = 0.0001) and gender effect (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Clinical games, although complex to implement, are interesting and rewarding tools. The adaptation of the tool to the dental sector appeared to be feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La salud bucodental debe ser analizada considerando los factores condicionantes, el proceso salud-enfermedad, la respuesta social a los eventos de salud, para posteriormente elaborar la identificación y priorización de los problemas de salud. Objetivo: describir la salud bucodental, en el municipio Rangel, estado Mérida, Venezuela. Método enfoque cuantitativo, tipo descriptivo, diseño no experimental, transversal retrospectivo; se recolectó la información institucional de acuerdo a lo establecido en el Análisis Situacional de Salud Bucodental (ASISB), a partir de aspectos geográficos, demográficos, servicios básicos, educación, sociales, económicos, mortalidad y morbilidad bucodental, actividades del programa de salud bucal curativas, rehabilitadoras, preventivas y de promoción de la salud, para posteriormente plantear propuestas a partir de los problemas encontrados. Además, se aplicó un programa preventivo en una institución educativa de 53 estudiantes. Resultados: la mortalidad dentaria más común fue caries dental (80,5%), la morbilidad con mayor número de casos es la caries dental (1181), seguido de malocluciones (238). En la muestra antes de la aplicación del programa preventivo, se obtuvo un CPOD de 3,5 y después de 3,08. En cuanto al Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado (IHOS) se determinó en el pretest, femenino (0,71) masculino (0,89), mientras en el postest, femenino (0,43), masculino (0,45). Se concluye la necesidad de tomar en cuenta el ASISB para llevar a cabo actividades de prevención de las enfermedades bucodentales y promoción de la salud bucodental; y así mejorar el rendimiento de la actividad asistencial. Oral health must be analyzed considering the conditioning factors, the health-disease process, the social response to health events, for developing later the identification and prioritization of health problems. Objective: describe oral health in the Rangel municipality, Mérida state, Venezuela. Method quantitative approach, descriptive type, non-experimental design, retrospective cross-sectional; institutional information was collected according to the established Oral Health Situation Analysis (ASISB), geographic, demographic, basic services, social and economic education, oral mortality and morbidity, curative, rehabilitative oral health program activities, preventive and health promotion, to make proposals later, based on the problems encountered. In addition, a preventive program was applied in an educational institution with 53 students. Results: the most common dental mortality was dental caries (80.5%), the morbidity with the highest number of cases was dental caries (1181), followed by malocclusions (238). In the sample before the application of the preventive program, a DMFT of 3.5 was obtained and after 3.08. Regarding the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (IHOS), it was determined in the pretest, feminine (0.71) masculine (0.89), while in the posttest, feminine (0.43), and masculine (0.45). The need to take into account the ASISB to carry out activities for the prevention of oral diseases and promotion of oral health is concluded; and thus improve the performance of the healthcare activity.

Buccal films are pharmaceutical forms developed from polymers of natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic origin, which are arranged in the form of thin films capable of adhering to the buccal, sublingual or lingual mucosa, allowing the administration of drugs with local or systemic effect. The aim of this study is to compile, characterize and analyze relevant and updated information on buccal films and their therapeutic applications in the dental field. A bibliographic review was carried out to deepen knowledge about the applicability of these formulations in oral pathologies. Buccal films are innovative pharmaceutical forms that are in the research phase, they improve the conditions of drug administration, since they avoid the hepatic first-pass effect, enzymatic inactivation, as well as the handling and comfort in their use. These formulations have proven to have good properties in the treatment of different pathologies at stomatological level, such as periodontal disease, herpetic and fungal infections, as well as in pain management and administration of local anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dental features of more than 28 species of the Afro-Malagasy molossids have been examined in order to determine the affinities of fossil specimens from Berg Aukas, Namibia. All species were classed into morphotypes on the basis of their dental patterns: - Otomops has a more plesiomorphic morphotype and, among the large species, Mops is more derived; among somewhat smaller molossids, Mormopterus, Tadarida and Nyctinomus have primitive morphotypes, whereas Myopterus is derived. Previously the fossil remains of Chaerephon sp. Mormopterus sp. and cf. Sauromys sp. were identified from the Miocene site of Berg Aukas I. While Chaerephon and Sauromys occur in Africa today, the presence of the insular genus Mormopterus in the Miocene of Berg Aukas may indicate the continental origin of this genus. The taxonomic suggestions and conclusions of the extant Molossidae and some taphonomic remarks about their Miocene remains are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nanoparticles are nanometric compounds that are used in various applications, such as silver nanoparticles that are used as antimicrobial agents in the field of dentistry. The objective of this study is to carry out a bibliographic review and present a general description of the current and most relevant aspects related to nanoparticles, mainly their biological activities and antimicrobial applications in the dental field. A literature review was carried out in databases such as Scielo, Redalyc, Science Direct, Pubmed, Mediagraphic, and 50 scientific articles were selected. Nanoparticles have currently been incorporated into various fields of dentistry, they are used in diagnostics, treatments, or tissue regeneration at the implantology level, this technology is considered innovative and promising since it is still in the research phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Asociación Odontológica Argentina is the property of Asociacion Odontologica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The uniqueness of dental morphology plays an important role in Forensic Odontology, especially for human identifications. Mandibular canines may be considered vital for personal identification. Objective: This study aims to establish the effectiveness of the Mandibular canine index in predicting the sex of an individual in a given population. Materials and Methods: 400 participants (200Male, 200Female) were randomly selected from a given population between the age group 13 to 30years. Using Digital Vernier calipers, the greatest mesio-distal crown width of both left and right Mandibular canines and Inter canine arch distance was measured. Results: It show that canine dimensions and inter-canine distance were statistically larger in males compared to females and were statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Canine dimensions can be considered as an adjunct for sex determination in our population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]