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Objective: The authors aimed to determine the changes in the odor threshold and sinonasal outcome test-22 scores of the patients after septoplasty surgery in terms of nasal septum deviation classifications., Methods: Forty-nine patients with nasal septum deviation, aged between 17 and 65, were included in our study. The sinonasal outcome test-22 scores questionnaire and the N-Butanol Threshold test were administered to the patients, 2 days before and 2 months after the septoplasty., Results: The authors' study had 4 major findings: Odor threshold scores improved after septoplasty operation both for the narrower and the wider side of the nasal airway passage. The Vidigal classification for nasal septum deviation was best for predicting the changes for odor threshold scores after septoplasty operation. The nasal septum deviation in which the nasal septum was pushing the inferior turbinate to lateral nasal wall caused the most smell dysfunction according to the Vidigal classification. Unilateral vertical crest affecting the nasal valv area or the posterior part of the septum had the most negative effect on olfactory functions according to the Mladina classification., Conclusion: Septoplasty operation leads to improvement in odor threshold scores, and the Vidigal nasal septum deviation classification was best in predicting postoperative odor threshold changes.

Background: The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) is a well-developed and popular olfactory test, which has been validated in various populations. However, there was only one study in a Turkish population, and this study indicated that the North American version of the UPSIT was not enough to evaluate the olfactory functions of Turkish population. So, we developed a cross-cultural adaptation of the UPSIT, the UPSIT-Turkish (UPSIT-T). Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the applicability of the UPSIT-T in healthy Turkish subjects., Material and Methods: The study included 51 healthy individuals who reported having normal olfactory function. The participants were administered the North American version of the UPSIT firstly, and then, after a day UPSIT-T was applied to the participants. The results of two smell tests were compared, and the applicability of UPSIT-T was evaluated., Results: The mean (standard deviation) value for correctly identified odors was 27.2 ± 5.7 (range, 14-38) with the UPSIT application, whereas the mean (standard deviation) value for correctly identified odors was 35.9 ± 3.1 for UPSIT-T. There was a statistically significant increase in the scores of the participants when UPSIT-T was performed (p < 0.001). The identification rates of 10 test odorants were <80% for our study group, and 2 of 10 were <70% for the UPSIT-T., Conclusion: The UPSIT-T modification is an adequate olfactory test for clinical use in a Turkish population.

Background: The aim of this study was: (1) to perform a preliminary study for the validation of ''retronasal olfactory testing'' in the Turkish population to find the best way to evaluate smell and taste disorders in Turkey; (2) to determine if cultural differences make application of the test more difficult; and (3) to determine the flavors that participants had not yet tasted by using the survey method., Material and Methods: The study included 330 volunteers. Orthonasal olfactory function was assessed psycho-physically using the "Sniffin' Sticks" olfactory test. Retronasal olfaction was assessed using a collection of 20 available food powders applied to the oral cavity. Also, all participants filled in a questionnaire of 50 items about the flavors they had not tasted before., Results: The mean age of the participants was 26 ± 7.3 years. Participants were divided into 3 groups according to the "Sniffin' Sticks" test results: anosmia, hyposmia, and normosmia groups. Differences in retronasal olfaction scores were significant among the 3 groups., Conclusions: The retronasal olfactory test appeared to perform well, but modifications of odorized powders or granules and distracters used in the retronasal olfactory test, taking into account Turkish cultural differences, is likely to improve its performance.