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Research Question: Do donor spermatozoa improve IVF outcomes after first oocyte donation failure?, Design: Retrospective, multicentre study including couples undergoing oocyte donation cycles using autologous or donor spermatozoa after a failed first attempt. Male partners were further characterized as normozoospermic or oligoasthenoteratospermic, i.e. fewer than 5 million motile progressive spermatozoa in the ejaculate. The main outcomes measured were live birth rate (LBR) per embryo transfer, LBR per number of embryos transferred, and cumulative LBR (CLBR) considering oocytes consumed in the previous donation cycles., Results: Analysis comprised 6065 cycles of oocyte donation failure; among these, subgroup analyses by sperm quality comprised 4113 cycles with severe male factor and 1150 cycles with suboptimal/normal spermatozoa. Sperm replacement in the first cycle after failure increased LBR per embryo transfer (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.7-2.8, P < 0.001) and per number of embryos transferred (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.9-3.1, P < 0.001) for normospermic and oligoasthenoteratospermic men. Replacement by the third cycle after failure was less beneficial (LBR per embryo transfer: OR 1.35, 95% CI 0.9-2.1, P = 0.16; LBR per embryos transferred: OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.9-2.0, P = 0.186). Kaplan-Meier curves of CLBR per oocyte fertilized with autologous or donor spermatozoa were statistically different (P < 0.001) and demonstrate how each additional oocyte may affect success based on sperm source (donor/autologous)., Conclusions: Donor spermatozoa improved outcomes when used after an initial failed oocyte donation cycle. The CLBR curves can be used to determine the cumulative chances of live birth using either autologous or donor spermatozoa, providing guidance on when to replace spermatozoa., (Copyright © 2021 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This review examines the literature on the long-term outcomes for children and parents in families created through egg donation, focusing on child psychological adjustment, parental psychological health, and parent-child relationship quality. Where possible, outcomes were examined according to family disclosure status (i.e., whether or not the parents intended to tell/had told the child about their method of conception). The small body of empirical literature indicates that children and parents function well throughout childhood and into early adolescence, although there appear to be subtle differences in mother-child relationship quality. None of the differences found in relationship quality indicate problems in the mother-child relationship and instead reflect differences within the normal range., (Copyright © 2018 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)