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Purpose: To assess the efficacy of 0.5% tropicamide applied after topical administration of 1.4% hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or 1.2% hyaluronic acid (HA) at different time intervals. Methods: Eleven healthy Labrador retriever dogs were used. The study consisted of 7 trials in which pupil diameter (PD) was measured every 30 min for 7 h after drug administration. In trial 1, PD was measured after tropicamide application (control). In trials 2-7, PD was measured after treatment with tropicamide 10 s, 1 and 5 min after application of HEC or HA. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and post hoc Holm-Sidak tests. Results: Maximal PD (mean ± standard deviation) was significantly greater (P < 0.001) in 5 of 6 experimental trials, with the greatest PD recorded when HEC was applied 1 min (12.2 ± 0.4 mm) and HA 10 s (12.3 ± 0.5 mm) before tropicamide, compared with 11.2 ± 0. 7 mm in control trial 1. PD >10 mm was maintained for 2.75-5 h in trials 2-7 and 2.25 h in trial 1 (P < 0.001). Area under the PD-time curve ranged from 61.9 to 71.3 ± 2.9 mm·hours in trials 2-7, significantly greater than 59.3 ± 1.8 mm·hours in control trial 1 (P ≤ 0.031). Conclusions: Tropicamide efficacy was enhanced by prior administration of a mucoadhesive polymer. Additional studies are needed to determine if HEC and HA of varying concentrations similarly extend and potentiate the effect of other topical ophthalmic drugs in canine eyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of topical tropicamide when placed at different time intervals before or after a saline drop. Animals studied: Eight healthy Labrador and golden retriever dogs. Procedures: The effect of 1% tropicamide on pupillary diameter (PD) was measured over 240 min when administered alone (control) and then 1 and 5 min prior to, or following, application of a saline drop, with 1‐week washout between each of the five trials. Data were analyzed using repeated‐measures ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. Results: Only 6/110 pairwise comparisons among the 5 trials were statistically significant (p ≤.035), with post‐hoc analysis showing no significant differences (p ≥.14) between the overall means of all trials. In all five trials, maximal PD was reached 30 min after tropicamide application and maintained until 210 min for 180 min (p =.0005). Conclusions: Our results suggest that waiting 1 min between applications of different ophthalmic solutions may be sufficient for maximal drug effect. Care should be taken when extrapolating these results to other species and different ophthalmic formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]