Search

Background/Purpose: Toxic maculopathy is a rare but severe complication of chloroquine intake. Although the phenotype of established maculopathy was analyzed in detail, few data exist on the ophthalmologic findings in the early stage. Methods: The authors present 4 female patients with unequivocal signs of chloroquine maculopathy (bilateral [peri-]central scotoma in the visual fields, structural alterations of the macula in the optical coherence tomography) but normal or atypical findings as to fundus autofluorescence imaging. Results: In all patients, optical coherence tomography showed perifoveal thinning and subtle alterations of the outer retinal layers. In one patient, the latter was limited to the pericentral region, whereas it showed a more diffuse distribution in two other patients. One patient showed a combination of pericentral and diffuse damage. Multifocal electroretinography was recorded in three patients and revealed the typical (peri-)central amplitude reductions. Conclusion: A normal fundus autofluorescence does not rule out toxic maculopathy. Optical coherence tomography and multifocal electroretinography seem to be more sensitive in the early stage of the disease. In case of typical complaints and visual fields, the optical coherence tomography has to be evaluated for subtle alterations of the outer retina. Their presence justifies the cessation of the drug. Multifocal electroretinography may be of special value in these problematic cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the effect of spherical contact lens (CL) power on optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of optic nerve head (ONH) parameters in healthy subjects. Methods: Fifteen subjects without ocular disease underwent ONH analysis using OCT. Measurements were obtained without and with soft CL of different spherical powers (−10 diopters (D), −4 D, +4 D, +10 D). The following parameters were measured and statistically analyzed: vertical disc and cup diameters; cup area, disc area, rim area; area cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio, as well as horizontal and vertical C/D ratio. Results: Subject age was 30.5 ± 3.2 years (mean ± SD). Eight right and 7 left eyes were studied. Mean refractive error (spherical equivalent) was −3.9 ± 4.7 D. Without CL, median (first, third quartiles) vertical disc and cup diameters were 1.83 (1.69, 1.96) mm and 0.74 (0.58, 1.11) mm, respectively. Cup area was 0.72 (0.56, 1.17) mm2, disc area was 2.30 (2.10, 2.72) mm2, and rim area was 1.49 (1.23, 1.75) mm2. Area C/D ratio was 0.35 (0.23, 0.46), horizontal C/D ratio was 0.58 (0.49, 0.73), and vertical C/D ratio was 0.56 (0.47, 0.63). There was no systematic effect of CL power on these parameters. Conclusions: Spherical CL power does not appear to affect measurements of ONH parameters using OCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In pediatric ophthalmology, test results may be limited by a child's ability to cooperate. Invasive and contact methods such as applanation tonometry, ultrasound biometry, and pachymetry are sometimes difficult to perform. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become a widely used noncontact method to obtain cross-sections of various ocular structures. In this review, we describe the principles and clinical applications of OCT, with special attention to pediatric ophthalmology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose : To report primary retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) detachments in sarcoidosis. Design : Case report. Methods : Clinical findings, fluorescence angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) results are presented and discussed. Results : A 54-year-old Hispanic male with biopsy proved sarcoidosis presented with multiple RPE detachment in both eyes. Except for acute iritis, there were no other ocular manifestations of sarcoidosis. Conclusions : Detachments of the RPE may be a rare manifestation of ocular sarcoidosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]