Search

In this work, a series of K 2 O–MgO–B 2 O 3 –P 2 O 5 (KMBP) glasses were prepared by the melt-quenching method and the glass-ceramics were prepared by the one-step heat treatment. The thermal, structural, physical and optical properties, as well as the crystallization behaviour of the KMBP system, were investigated in detail using characterization techniques such as DSC, XRD, SEM, FTIR, transmittance spectroscopy and microhardness. As indicated by DSC, the thermostability and glass-forming ability were gradually enhanced through the partial substitution of K 2 O by MgO. XRD showed that the main crystalline phases of the glass-ceramics (GC) were gradually converted from the P –Mg–K–O based crystalline phases to the P –Mg–O based and the P –Al–O based crystalline phases. The SEM results indicated that tiny grain-like crystals were successfully precipitated from the parent glasses after heat treatment. The deconvoluted FTIR spectra results showed a gradual conversion of the [BO 3 ] and [PO 3 ] units towards the [BO 4 ] and [PO 4 ] units with the increase of the MgO contents. The increase in the degree of glass network polymerization was the essential reason for the increment in the microhardness of the parent glasses. The microhardness of GC featured a trend concordant with the crystallinity of the crystalline phases. The values of metallization criteria (M C) between 0.34 and 0.45, as well as the higher values of third-order nonlinear polarizability (χ (3)) and nonlinear refractive index (n nl) are indicative of the good suitability of the KMBP glasses for the nonlinear optical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the influence of low-concentration additions of NiCl2 on the overall properties of lead arseborate oxide glasses. In this regard, small amounts, in grams, of NiCl2 were added, separately, to the main constituents of the lead-arseboarte glass, according to the chemical formula [23 wt% B2O3–11 wt.% Na2O–20 wt. CaO–23 wt.% PbO–23 wt.% As2O3] % + x NiCl2, where x = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 g, to prepare a glass series of four samples using the fast quenching technique. The structural and optical characterizations of the prepared samples have been described based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, Fourier transform infrared charts (FTIR), and UV–Vis spectra. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns did not contain any crystalline peaks but only two broad humps which revealed that all samples possess short-range order structures. At the same time, the FTIR charts showed different structural units. The UV–Vis spectra demonstrated that the absorption edge spectra changed to a higher wavelength with an increase in NiCl2 dopants, accompanied by a drop in optical transmittance, particularly in the visible range. As the NiCl2 dopants increased, the values of the optical energy gaps reduced while the mass attenuation remained constant, and the effective atomic number, bulk density, microhardness, absorption index, and characteristic relaxation time increased. Regardless of sample thickness, a novel methodology has been proposed to determine both the optical band gaps and the optical loss. The novel method and the widely used one (Tauc relation) demonstrated excellent agreement. The results suggest the NiCl2-rich sample is a primary material for radiation shielding applications as a carrier for radioactive sources and preserving them, or for preserving radioactive waste and high-reflection and UV-blocking glass coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While sustainable material systems have become paramount, recycling unused waste cathode ray tubes (CRTs) glass can possess great potential for radiation protection applications. With this motivation, the present study addressed the utilization of waste CRTs in combination with MoO3 towards a glass composition of xMoO3—(100-x)CRTs where x typifies 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt%. The glass samples coded Mo0 to Mo5 were synthesized using a traditional melting technique. After successfully preparing the glass series, some sets of characterization analyses were performed to understand physical, structural, optical, and radiation shielding properties. According to the findings, density increased from 2.92 to 2.96 g/cm3 as MoO3 was introduced into the glass network. Yet more, all glass samples exhibited an amorphous structure irrespective of varying MoO3 doping rates. On the other hand, FTIR measurements paved the way for highlighting possible vibrational modes, such as Si–O-Si and Si–O, in the structure. According to the optical properties via UV–Vis, the direct Eg values equaled 1.75, 1.69, 1.65, and 1.61 eV for Mo0 to Mo5, respectively, whereas R values ranged from 2.8534 to 2.9281. For investigating mass attenuation coefficients (MAC), the transmission measurements were performed for 30.9–383 keV photon energy ranges using radioactive source of 133-Ba and Ultra-Ge detector. The correctness of the experimental MAC values were checked with EpiXS program and MCNP codes. It is determined that the highest MAC values changing from 0.5951 cm2/g to 0.1022 cm2/g belong to Mo5 glass for 30.9–383 keV. It is also revealed that with the increasing MoO3 addition, EABF, EBF, HVL and MFP values of the Mo0-Mo5 glasses dropped and MAC, Zeff and Nel values enhanced. As a result, MoO3 substitution has improved the material characteristics of CRTs glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glasses that contain Erbium oxide as a dopant exhibit garnered considerable interest for its use in photonic applications, primarily because of the intra-4f sublevel transitions of Erbium ions, which enable emission in the technologically significant 1.5 μm communications window. In this work, a series of Erbium oxide doped sodium lithium borate glasses were synthesized via melt quenching with compositions x Er 2 O 3 -(55-x)B 2 O 3 –25Li 2 O–10Na 2 O–5CaO–3SrO–2Al 2 O 3 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 mol%). An investigation was conducted to examine the consequences of Er3+ on the crystal structure and laser spectroscopy. Furthermore, the optical properties of the samples that were created. XRD analysis showed degradation of the glass network with increasing Er 2 O 3 content due to disruption of boroxol rings. FTIR spectra indicated variations in BO 3 /BO 4 ratios and Er–O vibrations with doping. Absorption spectra revealed characteristic Er3+ f-f transitions and a redshift in the UV edge. The bright field imaging proved the effect of Er3+ on the homogeneity of the surfaces. Meanwhile, 3D laser Raman mapping chemically proves the good distribution of Er 2 O 3 on the glass surface. With an excitation under 980 nm, visible emissions at 550 and 660 nm, along with NIR emission at 1550 nm arising from Er3+ 4f levels, were observed. The results demonstrate that Er3+ doping effectively modifies the glass structure and optical properties. The borate glass host provides an excellent platform for customized erbium-doped photonic devices operating in the telecom C-band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Established on the appealing properties of borate glass, a new magnesium borate glass of definite composition (56 − x)B2O3–40Na2O–4MoO3–xMgO (x = 0, 2, 4, 8 mol. %) is prepared via the melt quenching technique. The present study clarified the consequence of dopant and co-dopant on the borate glass. Different physical properties are sustained to investigate and explain the optical and electrical properties of the obtained glass as a result of the replacement of B2O3 by MgO. FTIR confirmed the conversion of MgO6 into MgO4. The index of refraction increased is accompanied by a decrease in bandgap energy. At a frequency of 0.1 Hz, the ac-conductivity varies between 4 and 20 pS/cm at 25 °C and between 10 and 30 nS/cm at 150 °C without the systematic effect of MgO concentration, which indicates that heating plays the main role in improving conductivity. The metallization criterion is between 0.41 and 0.425. The computed two-photon absorption values ranged from 5.313 to 8.391 cm/GW; therefore, it is recommended that the prepared glasses are ideal for optical signal-processing equipment and are considered promising as a new member of the nonlinear optical glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study uses zinc oxide doping nanoparticles to investigate the radiation shielding properties of bismuth borate glass. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) examined the structural characteristics of the current samples. In contrast, the optical properties were determined based on the absorption spectrum for current samples. Appraisal studies are carried out depending on the simulation capabilities of Phy-X/PSD software in conjunction with MCNP5 to achieve this goal. In addition, the neutron and charged particle shielding properties were evaluated theoretically. All glasses are amorphous, as confirmed by the XRD data, and the FTIR data showed several vibration bands and functional groups. The density showed rising from 5.981 to 6.433 g/cm3 with adding ZnO. The band gap values reduced from 2.831 to 2.091 eV for direct and 3.024 to 2.218 eV for indirect with adding ZnO. The investigations' findings demonstrate a strong agreement between the theoretical and simulation-derived estimates of the mass attenuation coefficient. The relative difference of MAC results lie in the range 0.106–2.941% for BBZ0, 0.105–4.348% for BBZ1, 0.105–3.398% for BBZ2, and 0.105–2.032% for BBZ3. The study's findings are valuable insights from thoroughly examining these parameters, which can potentially improve the radiation protection abilities of Bi2O3–B2O3–ZnO glasses. This study represents a significant step in developing more efficient and safer materials for gamma radiation shielding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of mixed glass formers (MGF) with varying compositions denoted as (79-x)B2O3-xTeO2-20Li2O-0.5Ho2O3-0.5Yb2O3 (x = 0–50 mol%) were prepared using the melt-quenching technique. This aim of this study was to examine the effect of combining glass formers TeO2 and B2O3 on the structural, DC conductivity, elastic, and optical properties of the glass system. XRD measurements confirmed the amorphous nature of the glass samples. Structural analysis revealed a rivalry between the TeO2 and B2O3 formers. It was observed that the bridging oxygen (BO) indicated by the BO4 functional group decreases gradually at x ≥ 40 mol%, implying that non-bridging oxygen (NBO) units, denoted by BO3, become dominant beyond 40 mol%. The variation in DC conductivity showed a non-linear behaviour upon addition of TeO2, with the conductivity increasing to a maximum value at x = 30 mol% before decreasing at x > 30 mol%. Interestingly, the conductivity showed a slight decline at x = 40 mol%, possibly resisting a decrease due to the mixed glass former effect (MGFE). Elastic moduli such as CL, Ke and Y exhibited a non-linear decrease between 10 ≤ x ≤ 30 mol% and reached a lowest value for x = 40 mol%, which coincided with the maximum of DC conductivity attributed to MGFE. Quantitative analysis of ultrasonic data, utilizing bulk compression and ring deformation models, revealed that the Kbc/Ke value is maximum at x = 40 mol%, implying a reduction in ring deformation within the MGFE region. UV–Vis spectroscopy demonstrated that with increasing TeO2 content, Eopt and Eopt' decreased except for x = 40 mol%. The refractive index, n also increased except at x = 40 mol%. The alternating dominance of BO and NBO in the MGFE region led to this conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the physical, optical and mechanical characteristics of BWP glasses. The density and molar mass increase as the WO3 concentration rises, resulting in a denser and more substantial glass sample. However, the molar volume decreases, indicating a reduction in volume due to the increased density caused by WO3. The inclusion of WO3 also leads to a tighter spacing between atoms. The optical basicity of the glass increases with higher WO3 concentrations. The electronegativity decreases, suggesting the glass becomes more electron-donating. The electronic polarizability and cross-link density increase, resulting in a stiffer and more robust glass network. The mechanical moduli, including Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, and longitudinal modulus, also increase with higher WO3 concentrations, indicating improved mechanical characteristics and reduced deformation. The Poisson's ratio shows a larger transverse deformation tendency with increasing WO3 concentration. Micro-hardness values increase with WO3 content, indicating enhanced durability and mechanical robustness. The mean free path values indicates that the higher WO3 content, or lower P2O5 content, improves the shielding ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tellurite glass systems in the form of 10ZnO-(75-x)TeO2-(15+x)PbO with x=5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mol% were prepared using the melt quenching technique. The optical characteristics of the glass were identified by using Ultraviolet Visible Infrared spectroscopy analysis (UV-Vis-NIR) at 200-900 nm. The optical band gap and refractive index were calculated for all glass samples. Values of the direct and indirect band gap range have been found in the range 2·773-3·099 eV and 2·251-2·574 eV with increasing concentration. In addition, the value of the refractive index was found to be between 2·27-2·41. The amorphous state of the glass samples is confirmed using the x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The bonding characteristics were examined using the Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) technique in the range 400-4000 cm-1, and it was determined that they were ionic bonding in composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Barium Borophosphate glass system with molar compositions 40P 2 O 5 – 25B 2 O 3 -(35-x) BaO-xV 2 O 5 and 40P 2 O 5 –25B 2 O 3 –35BaO-xV 2 O 5 (x = 0,1,3,5 mol%) was synthesized using melt-quenching method. A comprehensive investigation of the structural and optical properties was conducted to compare the effects of V 2 O 5 as a dopant and as an addition to the glass matrix. The physical parameters were assessed through the measurement of density. The influence of V 2 O 5 introduction on vibrational modes was studied through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The UV–visible absorbance analysis unveiled the existence of multiple valence states of vanadium (V3+, V4+ and V5+). The reduction in bandgap was determined through the utilization of a Tauc plot, while the measurement of the refractive index allowed for the assessment of its variation with the composition of V 2 O 5. Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) was employed to explore the presence of intrinsic defects within the glass matrix and the impact of V 2 O 5 on the emission spectra. Furthermore, CIE chromaticity coordinates of synthesized samples were observed in both the white and blue regions, suggesting their potential application in display devices. Significantly, V 2 O 5 glass doped with 1 mol% displayed chromaticity, characterized by CIE coordinates x = 0.288 and y = 0.386, closely matching the white region as well as the bandpass filter. The introduction of transition metal oxide dopants into borophosphate glass yielded exceptional emission properties. The ability to modify optical properties makes it more promising for these glass materials, particularly for applications like optical filters and displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present the effects of annealing in a vacuum on the structural, electrical, thermoelectric, optical and properties of a glass/ITO (40 nm)/Cu (5 nm)/Ni (10 nm)/ITO (40 nm) multilayer prepared on glass substrates at room temperature using the Radio Frequency (RF) sputtering technique. The effect of annealing in a vacuum is investigated. The structures of the ICNI were analyzed using X-Ray Reflectivity (XRR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the electrical and optical properties were characterized using the four-point probe measurement method and a UV–Vis-NIR spectrometer, respectively. The influence of the annealing temperature in a vacuum on transmittance, structural integrity, electrical behavior, energy band gap, resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and figure of merit were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four glass systems of Nd2O3- doped borate/phosphate glasses with nominal compositions of (58-x)B2O3 + 25P2O5 + 7BaO + 10Li2O + xNd2O3:(0 (BPBLN0) ≤ x ≤ 3 (BPBLN3)) molar percentage were obtained by ordinary melt-quench approach. Physical properties, XRD measurements, and UV–Vis spectroscopy for these glass blocks were investigated. Also, the influence of the insertion of Nd3+ ions in structured glass on gamma-ray attenuation competence has been examined at selected photon energy (283.5 keV (137Cs)–2506 keV (60Co) via FLUKA code and Phy-X/PSD online platform. XRD patterns pinpointed a loss of ordered crystalline structure and verified the amorphous state of the glass blocks. Density (ρglass) of enhanced from 2.71 to 2.86 g/cm3. The optical-energy-gap (Eg) diminished from 4.12 to 3.91 eV and 3.45 eV to 3.20 eV for direct and indirect transitions, respectively. The Urbach-energy (EU) values were ranged from 0.74 eV for BPBLN0 to 0.35 eV for BPBLN3 glass. Mass-attenuation-coefficient was increased as Nd+3 ions increased in glass structure as: (BPBLN3)MAC > (BPBLN2)MAC > (BPBLN1)MAC > (BPBLN0)MAC. At incoming photon energy, E = 2506 keV, the half-value-layer were decreased as Nd+3 ions increased in glass structure as HVL = 6.603 cm, 6.510 cm, 6.392 cm, and 6.227 cm for BPBLN0, BPBLN1, BPBLN2, and BPBLN3 samples, respectively. The effective-atomic-number (Zeff) followed the trend: (BPBLN3)Zeff > (BPBLN2)Zeff > (BPBLN1)Zeff > (BPBLN0)Zeff. These outcomes confirmed that BPBLN-glass systems have the prospective to be regarded as suitable materials for applications involving optical and radiation attenuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of copper (Cu) doping content on zinc oxide with varied weight percentages and the dispersion of Cu-doped ZnO (CZO) by adding polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), coated on a glass substrate, through a physical assessment and optical property and thermal insulation testing. CZO NPs were synthesized by using the sol–gel method with a zinc acetate precursor. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the CZO showed that the solid solubility limit was below 5 mol% without a secondary phase. A field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) micrograph demonstrated that the particle size of CZO was in nanoscale with the packing of a quasi-spherical shape. The UV-Vis-NIR reflectance spectra of the powder showed that 1 mol% CZO has the highest near-infrared (NIR) reflectivity in the wavelength 780–2500 nm, with great visible light transmission. The CZO NPs were loaded in acrylic copolymer in different weight percentages ranging from 25 wt% to 75 wt%, the film thickness of the coating was varied from 5 µm to 100 µm, and PVP was added into this nanocomposite polymer to disperse through an ultrasonication method. The results showed that the highest loading of CZO powder in a polymer at 75 wt% in 100 µm of thickness with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a dispersant showed better sample dispersion and retained good transparency to the naked eye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effect of an experimental borosilicate glass on the mechanical and optical behavior of 5Y-PSZ zirconia and comparing it to commercial glaze and as-sintered. Disc-shaped specimens of a 5Y-PSZ (Zpex Smile) were prepared and sintered (1550 °C, 2 h). The zirconia discs were randomly divided according to the surface treatment: as-sintered (C), commercial glaze (G), and experimental borosilicate glass (SL). Glaze and experimental glass powders were mixed with building liquids and applied to zirconia with a brush. G specimens were fired at 950 °C and SL at 1200 °C. An extended dwell time of 20 min was applied to both groups. Biaxial flexural strength, roughness (Ra and Rz), translucency (TP 00), color alteration (ΔE 00), Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, residual stresses, and x-ray diffraction analyses were conducted. Statistical analyses were performed with Weibull statistics, Kruskal-Wallis, or ANOVA tests (α = 5%). SL yielded the highest flexural strength (799.35 MPa), followed by G (662.34 MPa), and C (485.38 MPa). The fracture origin of SL specimens was in the bulk zirconia, while G and C showed fractures starting at the surface. As-sintered reached the highest fracture toughness and hardness. Glaze and borosilicate glass provided surface compressive stresses. Borosilicate glass application led to phase transformation (t→m). SL and G showed the lowest roughness. TP 00 and ΔE 00 were similar among groups. Borosilicate glass improved strength without harming the optical properties of third-generation zirconia. Toughness and roughness provided by the experimental glass were similar to those from commercial glaze. • Experimental borosilicate glass improved the flexural strength of 5Y-PSZ. • Borosilicate glass application led to phase transformation (t→m) of 5Y-PSZ. • Glaze and borosilicate glass produced similar translucency and color alteration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Borate antimony glass doped with vanadium oxide V2O5 encoded into a [BSV glass system] was prepared with the traditional melt quenching technique. The Nickel ferrite [NiFe2O4] was prepared using Flash auto-combustion and mixed at a fixed ratio of 0.05 gm into the glass matrix to form a BSV- composite glass system [BSV / NiFe2O4], which was also prepared using the traditional melt quenching technique. The X-Ray diffraction pattern was used to characterize the glass samples and indicated their amorphous structure, with different structure phases for different levels of V2O5 content. Ranging from 200 to 1100 nm, UV–Vis spectroscopy was used to study the optical properties of the samples. The glass was found to absorb electromagnetic waves with wavelengths lower than 500 nm, while the energy gap decreased from 2.46 eV for 0.1 mol% V2O5 to 2.39 eV for 0.5 wt% V2O5. The Urbach energy also had the same behavior, and decreasing from 0.226 to 0.217 eV. On the other hand, the refractive index increased when V2O5 was added. The thermal characteristics of a [BSV / NiFe2O4] system, such as, glass transition temperature T G , onset temperature T X , crystallization temperature T C and melting temperature T m , were studied using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter. Using continuous and pulsed laser radiation, a [BSV-0.1 V2O5 / NiFe2O4] sample was exposed to laser irradiation to observe its effect on the optical features of the glass. Laser irradiation significantly changed the absorbance spectrum, while the energy gap decreased as time increased. The pulsed laser was found to have a more power-full and uniform effect compared to continuous laser. Time-dependent density function theory was used to optimize the geometrical structure of the glass and study the effect of the formation of 4- coordinate boron atoms on its properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narrow-band blue luminescence materials are desirable in full color display with wide color gamut. Divalent rare earth europium doped luminescence materials show excellent optical properties as promising backlit materials in display. However, narrow-band blue luminescence materials are still lacking. Herein, novel blue emitting Eu2+: CsCaCl 3 NCs are precipitated in the glasses, and effects of EuCl 3 doping concentration and heat-treatment conditions on the growth behavior and optical properties of Eu2+: CsCaCl 3 NCs precipitated in glasses are investigated. Doping concentration of EuCl 3 in glass and the heat-treatment condition can effectively regulate the Eu2+/Eu3+ molar ratio in glasses, size of Eu2+: CsCaCl 3 NCs, and effective doping concentration of Eu2+ ions in CsCaCl 3 NCs formed in the glasses. Besides, effect of phase separation on glass transmittance is explored to improve the glass optical properties. Upon incorporation of Eu2+ ions into CsCaCl 3 NCs in glasses, blue photoluminescence at 435 nm with full width at half maximum of 22 nm and color purity of ∼97.2 % is realized, and concomitantly, photoluminescence lifetimes are extended and quantum efficiency are significantly improved. These results demonstrate that Eu2+: CsCaCl 3 NCs doped glasses are promising blue emitting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Role of V2O5 as a strong network glass modifier on the optical, elastic, physical, and radiation protection performance of V2O5-based glasses in form 10CaF2-(20-x)Bi2O3-60P2O5-10B2O3:xV2O5, x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.2, 0.2, and 2.5 mol% was investigated in this article. The studied glasses have been synthesized using the melt-quenching technique. The investigated samples coded as V0, V1, V2, V3, V4, and V5 according to x values. Difference theoretical approaches have been utilized to achieve these goals including: radiation shielding calculations, optical, and elasto-mechanical properties. The optical basicity (Λ(Eg)) was found to decrease from 0.5630 to 0.5593 with increasing the mol% of [V4+] in the glass samples. The density was decreased from 4.134 to 3.817 g cm−3 associated with a simultaneous decrease in the oxygen molar volume (OMV) from 12.5 to 12.25 cm3/mol as the mol% of [V4+] increased in the samples. The Vicker's hardness was found to be diminished with increasing V2O5 content in the investigated glasses. All elastic moduli were reduced as V2O5 increased. Refractive index increased from 2.20 to 2.63, while metallization criterion decreased from 0.341 to 0252. The observed trend of mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) values in the tested energy spectrum followed the sequence: (MAC)v0 > (MAC)v1 > (MAC)v2 > (MAC)v3 > (MAC)v4 > (MAC)v5. Also, we found that linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) increased, while the half value layer (HVL), and transmission coefficient (TF%) were also decreased. The HVL values of the current samples were compared with standard glasses, and it found that V2O5-based samples possess a comparable photon protection capacity as commercial RS-360 and RS-520 glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface crystallization processes in the 80GeSe2–20Ga2Se3 glasses thermally annealed at 380 °C for 25 and 80 h were studied by both experimental methods and statistical analysis of images using Python scripts. It is shown that GeSe2 phase is formed as a result of annealing unevenly on glass surface in the form of thread-like crystallites with a length of 1–3 μm. The obtained dependences of number crystallites on their geometric parameters indicate a significant increase in their size (area, length and width) with an increase in the duration of annealing up to 80 h. At the same time, the crystallite growth orientation does not change and is 50°, 90° and 130°. Optimal conditions for crystallization processes can be selected based on the obtained results to prepare stable 80GeSe2–20Ga2Se3 glasses with predetermined optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooling rate has large effect on the structures and properties of glasses, which may change the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of glasses, and their crystallization behaviors. In this work, effect of cooling rate on the crystallization and optical properties of glasses, which have been utilized to precipitate semiconductor nanocrystals, are investigated using sodium zinc silicate glasses as typical example. Cooling rate strongly affects the structural connectivity of the glasses, and as a result, Na 8 Al 4 Si 4 O 18 nanocrystals are formed as predominant crystalline phases in glasses with larger cooling rate, and ZnS nanocrystals are formed in glasses with smaller cooling rate. Results reported illustrate that it is important to control the cooling rate of the glass in order to modulate the crystallization and optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals embedded in glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the optical and radiation-shielding characteristics of Sm3+-doped alkaline earth zinc borophosphate glasses with the chemical description 30ZnO-15B2O3-44P2O5-1Sm2O3-10AO [where A = Mg (MZBPS), Ca (C-ZBPS), Sr (S-ZBPS), and Ba (B-ZBPS)] were investigated. The mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) of the glasses were estimated using data generated from the FLUKA Monte Carlo code and from the NIST XCOM database. Optical parameters and neutron cross-sections were obtained using standard theoretical models. The μ/ρ of M-ZBPS, C-ZBPS, S-ZBPS, and B-ZBPS varied in the range of 0.124–21.912 cm2/g, 0.024–22.564 cm2/g, 0.025–22.163 cm2/g, and 0.026–27.150 cm2/g, respectively. Also, the cross-section for fast neutron removal in M-ZBPS, C-ZBPS, S-ZBPS, and B-ZBPS was 0.0956 cm−1, 0.0949 cm−1, 0.0948 cm−1, and 0.0953 cm−1, respectively. The thermal neutron cross-section values were in the order M-ZBPS < C-ZBPS < S-ZBPS < B-ZBPS. The analysis of the optical parameters indicated that the optical density of the glasses increased as the atomic weight of the alkaline earth metal and glass density increased. The X-ZBPS glasses demonstrated good photon-shielding ability and optical properties, making them attractive for modern technical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glassy chalcogenides AVBVI obtained by solidification of high-temperature melts inherit the polymolecular nature of the melt. The influence of this circumstance on the optical properties of glasses is important for the fabrication of optical fibers and has not been adequately studied. Bulk samples of high-purity As40 –xS60 +x glasses (0 < x < 5) containing less than (1–2) × 10–5 wt % metal and silicon impurities and not more than (0.5–1) × 10–4 wt % carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen compounds were manufactured, and optical fibers were fabricated from these materials. The IR spectra of 12 cm-long bulk samples and optical fibers of up to 15 m length were recorded in the 1000–2000 cm–1 spectral range. The spectra of the bulk samples and the optical fibers showed absorption bands with maxima at 1950, 1805, 1460, and 1320 cm–1, due to the presence of super-stoichiometric amount of sulfur in the glass. The corresponding extinction coefficients were determined. The results of the study indicate that the stoichiometry of As2S3 can be considered as a factor significantly affecting the optical characteristics of glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glass microspheres(GMSs) is widely used in reflective materials and road applications because of its high mechanical strength, adjustable refractive index and excellent retroreflective properties, so further improvement of the optical properties of GMS is still a current research hotspot. In this work, we prepare the high brightness GMSs using an acid-heat integrated method. The interior of GMSs consists of a silica-oxygen framework and cationic polymers, where a large amount of TiO 2 increases the refractive index of GMSs, leading to the retrograde reflection behavior of light in GMSs. After leaching and heat-treatment, the change in surface state and the internal phase transition allow the GMSs to show superior optical properties. In particular, the brightness of GMSs increases from 39 cd*1x−1m−2 to 58 cd*1x−1m−2, and their optical performance meets the requirements for the use of 5G traffic road GMSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ca(PO3)2–AlF3–CaF2–BaF2–BaO glasses were prepared by the melt quenching method, and the effects of the O/P ratio on the optical properties and glass structure were investigated. The bandgap energy showed no significant change at O/P = 3.0–3.4 but drastically decreased with the increase in the O/P from 3.6 to 4.0. In addition, the refractive index dispersion was analyzed based on the Lorentz model, and it was found that the decrease in the resonance frequency in the ultraviolet region with the increase in the O/P ratio resulted in an increase in the refractive index and dispersion. Analysis of the infrared absorption and Raman scattering spectra revealed that the phosphate chains were broken, and isolated Q0 units were generated with the increase in the O/P ratio from 3.6 to 4.0. Based on the structural change of the glass, the origin of the nonlinear dependence of the optical properties on the O/P ratio was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glass system with the composition [(20- x) MoO 3 – x ZrO 2 –15 SiO 2 – 65 Li 2 B 4 O 7 , x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mol %] was successfully synthesized using the melt quenching method. The XRD results of this glassy system confirmed the glassy nature of the prepared glasses. The density of this glassy system presented higher values while the molar volume provided lower values with increasing ZrO 2 content. The FTIR result showed that the spectrum of each sample consisted of broad bands that de-convoluted into several peaks. These peaks were characterized and the structure of each sample was recognized. Additionally, the optical measurements showed that sample x = 0 mol% provided a sharp ultra-violet cut-off at 380 nm, while the other samples showed a transition peak in the (210–230) nm range. The energy of optical band gaps of these glass samples decreased and the Urbach energy increased by increasing ZrO 2 content. Moreover, the different optical parameters of these glass samples were calculated and showed that the studied glasses could be considered promising materials to be used in different optical applications such as nonlinearity and optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of laser technology, the research of novel laser protection materials is of great significance. In this work, dispersible siloxene nanosheets (SiNSs) with a thickness of about 1.5 nm are prepared by the top-down topological reaction method. Based on the Z-scan and optical limiting testing under the visible-near IR ranges nanosecond laser, the broad-band nonlinear optical properties of the SiNSs and their hybrid gel glasses are investigated. The results show that the SiNSs have outstanding nonlinear optical properties. Meanwhile, the SiNSs hybrid gel glasses also exhibit high transmittance and excellent optical limiting capabilities. It demonstrates that SiNSs are promising materials for broad-band nonlinear optical limiting and even have potential applications in optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sm3+‐doped and Sm3+/Dy3+ codoped SiO2–SrO–MgO glasses were prepared by conventional melt quenching and Sr2MgSi2O7 based glass–ceramics from sintering and crystallization of the glass powders. The thermal, structural, and optical properties of the glasses and glass–ceramics were investigated as a function of the dopant concentration. The optical characterization includes the photoluminescence spectra and the lifetimes of the 4G5/2 (Sm3+) and 4F9/2 (Dy3+) excited states. In Sm3+ single‐doped samples, the emission intensity increases up to a concentration of 0.3 mol% Sm3+ ions and then decreases due to nonradiative energy transfer processes. The emission spectra in the glass–ceramics show a more resolved structure and higher intensity compared to the glass samples, suggesting a different and crystalline environment for the Sm3+ ions. The non‐radiative processes also influence the experimental decays of the glass samples which deviate from a single exponential with lifetimes decreasing as Sm3+ concentration increases. The emission and excitation spectra of the codoped samples do not show significant energy transfer between Sm3+ and Dy3+ ions. Different emitting colors can be obtained in the codoped glasses by changing the excitation wavelength. The studied glass–ceramics could be applied as enamels on ceramic or metallic substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Borate glasses can be excellent optical and radiation-shielding glasses when they play host to Bi2O3 and Li2O. The extent of the physical, structural, optical, and radiation-absorbing property modifications of xBi2O3-(30-x)Li2O-10As2O3-60B2O3 glasses when the concentrations of Bi2O3 and Li2O are altered is presented in this report. Glasses xBi2O3-(30-x)Li2O-10As2O3-60B2O3 with x = 5 mol%, 10 mol%, 15 mol%, 20 mol%, and 25 mol% were fabricated by the melt-quench synthesis method using ultra-pure (GR grade) reagents. The amorphous structure of the prepared glasses was confirmed by XRD (x-ray diffraction) analysis, while the glass transition temperature (Tg), density, and optical transmission data were obtained following standard laboratory techniques. The glasses were characterized for gamma and fast neutron shielding competence by estimating their mass attenuation coefficient and fast neutron removal cross-section. The density and molar volume of the fabricated glasses increases with the Bi2O3 content, while on the other hand the oxygen packing density decreases. The current glass system has a Tg in the range 403–434°C. Evaluated optical parameters showed fluctuations dictated by the chemical compositions of the BLABx glasses. The absorption edge in the glasses shifts from 412 nm to 429 nm as the amount of Bi2O3 changes from 5 mol% to 25 mol%. Analysis of the gamma rays and fast neutron absorption quantities showed that the addition of Bi2O3 up to 25 mol% had opposing effects on the ability of the glasses to shield the two types of radiation. Also, the present glasses showed an overwhelming advantage in terms of radiation-shielding applications in comparison to many existing γ-radiation shields. They are thus recommended as environmentally attractive materials in the design and implementation of radiation protection structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the research on optical properties of glass/ITO/Ag thin layers obtained on glass/ITO substrates with different properties. The authors will discuss the influence of silver particles and silver layer thickness on the transmission and reflection spectra of the layers and parameters, such as the width of the optical band gap, refractive index, and dieelectric function. For example, the presence of silver leads to a decrease in the transmission of the layers (compared to ITO/glass) regardless of the thickness of the silver layer, and in the case of reflection, both its increase and decrease were observed, depending on the thickness of the silver layer and the type of glass/ITO substrate used. The average transmission value in the visible region depends on the thickness of the silver nanoparticle layer and varies from ~50% to ~90%. The average refractive index takes values from the range ~1.4 to ~1.65 and does not depend on the presence and thickness of the silver layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kowalska et al. [[17]] report near-IR luminescence properties of selected rare-Earth ions (Er SP 3+ sp , Pr SP 3+ sp , Ho SP 3+ sp , Tm SP 3+ sp ) in titanate-germanate glasses under excitation of Yb SP 3+ sp . 35683100 17 Kowalska K., Kuwik M., Pisarska J., Pisarski W.A. Near-IR luminescence of rare-earth ions (Er3+, Pr3+, Ho3+, Tm3+) in titanate-germanate glasses under excitation of Yb3+. Rare-Earth ions, as optically active ions, are usually incorporated into the crystalline phases. [Extracted from the article]

• Combining autoencoders (AE) with neural networks (NN) transforms unsupervised learning into supervised learning, reducing feature dimensionality and improving model accuracy compared to standalone neural networks. • Analyzing the encoder weight matrix of the AE-NN model reveals that Co and Y are the most significant elements affecting the refractive index and Abbe number of oxide glasses. • The feature extraction method enhances the performance of various machine learning models, significantly improving the accuracy of non-ensemble models like support vector regression (SVR) and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). • The predictive model identifies new optical glasses with high refractive indices and Abbe numbers in lanthanide glasses, offering innovative possibilities for designing optical components. The composition of oxide glasses is characterized by high dimensionality and sparsity, making it challenging to establish high-precision predictive models. Therefore, feature extraction is essential. This study focuses on the optical properties of oxide glasses (refractive index and Abbe number), utilizing autoencoder (AE) and machine learning techniques to achieve automated feature extraction. The results indicate that compared to standalone neural networks (NN), AE-NN transforms unsupervised learning into supervised learning, reducing feature dimensions while improving model accuracy. Specifically, for the refractive index dataset, the dimensionality was reduced from 63 to 25, with a corresponding test set coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.95. For the Abbe number dataset, the dimensionality was reduced from 61 to 30, with a corresponding test set R2 of 0.97, demonstrating the effectiveness of the feature extraction method. Regarding interpretability, analyzing the encoder weight matrix of the AE-NN identified the importance of original features, with Co and Y being the most significant for both refractive index and Abbe number. Additionally, the application of the feature extraction method in machine learning models shows its generality in improving model performance, particularly for non-ensemble models such as Support Vector Regression (SVR) or k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), exhibiting significant accuracy enhancements. Finally, targeting lanthanide glasses, the established predictive model successfully identified novel optical glasses with high refractive index and Abbe number in the La 2 O 3 -Bi 2 O 3 and La 2 O 3 -Ta 2 O 5 systems, presenting new possibilities for optical component design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the structural and optical properties of Cu-doped and Fe-doped sodium borate glasses. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that both samples were amorphous, with no sharp peaks. However, differences in the width and center of the high-intensity humps suggested variations in atomic packing and field strength between the two samples. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed wider vibrational modes and stronger absorption in the Fe-doped sample, confirming its higher atomic packing and field strength. Luminescence spectra indicated that the Cu-doped sample had a higher ratio of Cu2+:Cu3+ than the Fe-doped sample of Fe2+:Fe3+, resulting in greater UV–visible region absorption. Optical parameters such as absorbance, transmittance, and reflectance supported these findings, with the Fe-doped sample exhibiting higher absorbance band edges. Quality factor (Q.F.) analysis revealed that the Fe-doped sample had a larger Q.F. than the Cu-doped sample, indicating lower energy losses. Furthermore, the optical conductivity of both samples increased with photon energy, with the Cu-doped sample dominating in all energy regions. Finally, both samples exhibited high effective atomic numbers, suggesting potential applications in radiation shielding, with the Cu-doped sample having a wider radiation shielding window. Finally, the findings unique structural and optical properties suggests the Cu-doped and Fe-doped sodium borate glasses to a lot of potential applications in various fields including radiation shielding, optics, electronics, and energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the effect of Bi 2 O 3 on physical, thermal, structural, mechanical, optical, and radiation shielding properties of borate-based glasses having a composition (60-x)B 2 O 3 –25Na 2 O–13BaO-2Gd 2 O 3 -xBi 2 O 3 ; x = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mol%. XRD analysis confirms the amorphous structure of the prepared glasses. As Bi 2 O 3 content increases from 0 to 20 mol%, density of the glasses increases from 2.729 to 3.896 g/cm3, and molar volume rises from 30.947 to 42.017 cm3/mol. The glass transition temperature (T g) of the samples decreased with Bi 2 O 3 content. FTIR analysis reveals the presence of BO 3 , BO 4 , BiO 3 , and BiO 6 structural units in the prepared glasses. Optical absorption studies indicate a decrease in band gap energy from 3.006 to 2.573 eV for indirect transitions implying non-bridging oxygen atom formation and this inference is supported by both physical and FTIR results. The elastic parameters, derived from Makishima-Mackenzie model decreased with increased Bi 2 O 3 concentration suggesting a reduction in mechanical properties. The mass attenuation coefficient (μ m), determined through experimental measurements and using Phy-X/PSD software, yielded closely aligned values. Other shielding parameters such as half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective atomic number (Z eff) were also calculated. The glass containing 20 mol% Bi 2 O 3 exhibited a significant gamma-ray shielding potential due to its high μ m value, (0.1260 cm2/g at 0.511 MeV and 0.0960 cm2/g at 0.662 MeV) and Z eff together with low HVL and MFP. A Comparative analysis of the μ m values for the present glasses and that of other glasses containing Bi 2 O 3 is also presented. • Glass samples of the composition (60-x)B 2 O 3 –25Na 2 O–13BaO-2Gd 2 O 3 -xBi 2 O 3 ; x = 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mol% have been successfully prepared by melt-quenching technique. • The addition of Bi 2 O 3 in the glass system improves the density, molar volume and gamma radiation shielding properties. • The study elucidates the structural modifications of borate-based glasses imparted by the Bi 2 O 3 doping. • The non-toxic and environmentally friendly characteristics of our crafted glass samples present a practical solution for gamma shielding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the glass forming region of TeO 2 –MoO 3 –Nb 2 O 5 (TMN) tellurite glass and the luminescence properties of Er3+ doped TMN glass at 2.7 μm were studied. The effects of MoO 3 on the thermal and optical properties of the glass were analyzed. The formation region of TMN glass was predicted by thermodynamic method and verified by experiment. It can be found that the glass-forming ability, thermal and optical properties of TMN glass change significantly with the change of MoO 3 content. The addition of MoO 3 significantly improves the anti-crystallization stability, fluorescence lifetime and quantum efficiency of tellurite glass. The calculation results show that the quantum efficiency of 80TeO 2 –15MoO 3 –5Nb 2 O 5 –1Er 2 O 3 glass sample is 16 %. These results indicate that TMN glass has a broad application prospect in mid-infrared laser materials. The formation region of TMN glass was predicted and experimentally verified using thermodynamic methods. The effects of MoO 3 on the luminescence properties and quantum efficiency of the tellurite glass were analyzed. The results show that the addition of MoO 3 significantly improves the glass-forming properties and quantum efficiency of tellurite glass. [Display omitted] • The formation region of TMN tellurate glass was predicted and verified. • The prepared glasses have high quantum efficiency in 2.7 μm emission. • The prepared glasses have a large emission cross-section of 2.7 μm emission. • The modest introduction of MoO 3 will improve quantum efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the radiation shielding properties of borate glass systems, with a focus on the simultaneous enhancement of optical, mechanical, and magnetic characteristics. The glass composition is represented by formula (55-x)B 2 O 3 +25PbO+10SrF 2 +10K 2 O + xZnO (where x: 0.0–10.0 mol%). By manipulating the ZnO concentration, we aimed to investigate its role as a radiation attenuator and its effects on the glass's optical, mechanical, and magnetic properties. Using traditional melt-quenching techniques, we produced the glass samples and examined their density, molar volume, linear attenuation coefficients (G LAC), mean free paths (G MFP), half-value layers (G HVL), and optical and magnetic properties. Our findings demonstrate that higher ZnO concentrations lead to a significant increase in density and a corresponding decrease in molar volume, thereby enhancing the glasses' ability to shield against gamma radiation. The radiation attenuation analysis revealed that increasing ZnO content substantially improves G LAC values across the energy range of 356–1333 keV. Additionally, ZnO incorporation decreases the optical bandgap, shifting the UV absorption edge to shorter wavelengths and enhancing UV dielectric capacity. Magnetic properties were assessed using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements, showing a strong correlation between ZnO content and the effective atomic number (Z eff). It can be concluded that ZnO not only contributes to radiation shielding but also modifies the electronic structure of the glass, impacting its optical absorption properties. • Significant enhancement in gamma radiation attenuation with ZnO doping in borate glasses. • Incremental ZnO increases lead to improved density and reduced molar volume. • Narrowed optical band gap and improved UV-blocking efficiency with higher ZnO content. • Enhanced magnetic saturation and magnetic moments observed with increasing ZnO concentration. • Elastic modulus increases from 28.20 GPa to 38.80 GPa with ZnO incorporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] To study the effect of xenon difluoride as a fluorinating agent on optical properties of glasses in ZBLAN (ZrF 4 –BaF 2 –LaF 3 –AlF 3 –NaF) and HBLAN (HfF 4 –BaF 2 –LaF 3 –AlF 3 –NaF) systems, their optical transmission in the range from UV to IR was investigated. The treatment of the initial fluorides with XeF 2 was shown to lead to a broadening of the transmission region of the obtained glasses both in the UV and IR ranges. Moreover, the treatment of the batch with xenon difluoride leads to the removal of oxygen-containing impurities that absorb in the region of 2.8 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of many optical glass elements depends on the structure of the surface. The high refractive index of flint glass is advantageous in constructing some optical elements (lenses, prisms, beam splitters, ....). Also, high achromaticity and size reduction in oblique incidence TIR (total internal reflection) phase retarders require high-index glass. The present work is interested in studying the use of ellipsometry as a precise and accurate technique to test changes in optical properties of the thin layer formed on an oblique incidence TIR quarter phase retarder at different wavelengths which affects some optical properties such as the retardance value of the rhomb retarder, to adjust and make the needed corrections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have measured optical properties of GexGa4S96-x (x=22.5, 27, 30, 33.3 and 36) glasses including optical bandgap Eg, hardness, linear and nonlinear refractive index and laser damage threshold. We found that, both Eg and laser damage threshold exhibit maximum values in Ge30Ga4S66 glass, linear refractive index increases with increasing Ge content, but nonlinear refractive index has a minimum in Ge30Ga4S66, and their correlation can be well described by the Miller's rule. We conclude that, Ge30Ga4S66 glass with chemically stoichiometric composition might be ideal for the chalcogenide-based optical amplifiers since it has reasonable optical nonlinearity, and high figure of merit (FOM) and laser damage threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glasses of composition (49-x)H3BO3-35TeO2-15PbO-1.0Nd2O3-xY2O3 (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol%) were successfully prepared by a melt-quench method. The effect of Y2O3 on the optical properties of the glasses were investigated by using Uv-Vis NIR and photoluminescence spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction pattern of the prepared glasses exhibits amorphous nature. Absorption spectra of the glasses are recorded in the range 400 - 1100 nm and shows eleven absorption peaks. In order to determine the optical band gap of the glass sample, the Uv-Vis NIR measurement has been carried out in the room temperature. The values of direct and indirect optical band gap initially decreasing before increasing, which were attributed to structural changes induced by the inclusion of Y2O3. The luminescence spectra were obtained under 581 nm wavelength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A non-proportional high-entropy oxide glass disc: 25LaO 3/2 -25TiO 2 –25NbO 5/2 -(25- x) WO 3 - x ZrO 2 (x = 0, 5, 10) was formed using containerless solidification technology. In optical tests, the 25LaO 3/2 -25TiO 2 –25NbO 5/2 -20WO 3 –5ZrO 2 (x = 5) disc had the highest refractive index (2.53) and the highest visible transmittance (84%). In addition, the refractive index of amorphous materials prepared from La 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , WO 3, and ZrO 2 were all greater than 2.1, which is considered as a high refractive index. The results suggest that these components can provide a specific reference for optical glass material selection in future research. Furthermore, based on the concept of performance synergy in high-entropy materials, our research group developed a high-entropy amorphous oxide in equal proportion, 20LaO 3/2 -20TiO 2 –20NbO 5/2 -20WO 3 –20ZrO 2 (Qi Xiwei, 2019). The structure has a high refractive index (2.22) and a high Abbe coefficient (61), which ensures that the lens has sufficient clarity when it is ultra-thin. By comparing the results of the two systems, we found that all non-proportional high-entropy systems are unable to simultaneously show both a high Abbe value and a high refractive index. This phenomenon further indicates the necessity of preparing high-entropy amorphous oxide in equal proportion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their excellent optical properties, glasses are used for various applications ranging from smartphone screens to telescopes. Developing compositions with tailored Abbe number (Vd) and refractive index at 587.6 nm (nd), two crucial optical properties, is a major challenge. To this extent, machine learning (ML) approaches have been successfully used to develop composition–property models. However, these models are essentially black boxes in nature and suffer from the lack of interpretability. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of ML models to predict the composition‐dependent variations of Vd and nd. Further, using Shapely additive explanations (SHAP), we interpret the ML models to identify the contribution of each of the input components toward target prediction. We observe that glass formers such as SiO2, B2O3, and P2O5 and intermediates such as TiO2, PbO, and Bi2O3 play a significant role in controlling the optical properties. Interestingly, components contributing toward increasing the nd are found to decrease the Vd and vice versa. Finally, we develop the Abbe diagram, using the ML models, allowing accelerated discovery of new glasses for optical properties beyond the experimental pareto front. Overall, employing explainable ML, we predict and interpret the compositional control on the optical properties of oxide glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the optical, physical, and gamma-ray shielding abilities of some heavy rare-earth element oxides (HREOs: Dy2O3, Er2O3, and Yb2O3) doped zinc-borate glasses were investigated. Despite a relatively small increase in synthesized glasses' densities from 3.65995 g cm− 3 to 3.78644 g cm− 3, the effect of HREOs on the glasses' molar volume values caused the structure to be more stable and uniform. Optical band values (from 3.00 to 3.16 eV) and Urbach energies (from 0.450 to 0.570 eV) were calculated by examining the transmittance and absorbance values for heavy rare-earth element oxides doped zinc-borate glasses which give very different optical properties to the glass structure. Absorbed regions at different wavelengths were determined in Dy2O3-, Er2O3- and Yb2O3-doped glasses. Moreover, radiation shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient, half value layer and effective atomic number of glasses whose physical properties were determined were calculated using XCOM database between the range of 0.01 MeV and 10 MeV. It has been determined that Yb2O3-doped glasses show superior properties compared to other HREOs doped zinc-borate glass samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building designers are increasingly considering dynamic glass for its optical and thermal properties, which provide opportunities for solar control, energy performance, and visual comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation detection glass with the following chemical composition B 2 O 3 –TeO 2 –Li 2 O 3 –Bi 2 O 3 –ZnO doped with Dy 2 O 3 where x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 2.00 mol%, was developed for the characterization of physical properties such as density, molar volume (V m), and refractive index, optical absorption, luminescence, CIE's diagram, and radiation detection properties. The density and refractive index of glass samples increase with the increase of Dy 2 O 3 composition. The optical property of glass shows eight strongest peaks from 6H 15/2 centering at 263 nm (4I 13/2 + 4F 7/2), 298 nm (4G 11/2), 357 nm (4I 15/2), 803 nm (6F 5/2), 897 nm (6F 7/2), 1090 nm (6H 7/2 + 6F 9/2), 1272 nm (6F 11/2 + 6H 9/2) and 1671 nm (6H 11/2), respectively. The emission peaks are r (4F 9/2), 481 nm (6H 15/2), 575 nm (6H 13/2), 664 nm (6H 11/2), and 751 nm (6H 9/2) under excited at 453 nm (4F 9/2), respectively. The excitation peaks under emission at 575 nm from 6H 15/2 centering at 350 nm (6P 7/2), 365 nm (4P 3/2), 388 nm (4K 17/2), 425 nm (4G 11/2), 453 nm (4I 15/2), and 471 nm (4F 9/2) respectively. The study of luminescence characteristics, which includes emission, excitation, and CIE diagrams, reveals white emission bands that coincide with the CIE diagram. Furthermore, measuring the parameters of the thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) recorded with a heating rate of 5 °C/s in the temperature up to a maximum of 400 °C yields good results in low dose radiation detection. Based on all the results, it was determined that this glass can be a candidate for radiation detection materials in the future. • Dy3+ doped borotellurite glasses were prepared by melt quenching technique. • Developed glasses suitable for radiation detection and alternative in laser applications. • Structural, physical, optical, luminescence, and thermoluminescence properties of glass were observed. • Judd-Ofelt theory were analyzed for lasing application. • CIE 1931 coordinates show white light emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lanthanum barium borate glasses doped with praseodymium were fabricated by a melt-quenching process, to study the effect of Pr 2 O 3 on their properties. The addition of Pr₂O₃ in glass increases its density, molar volume, and refractive index. XRD confirms an amorphous nature of glass network, and XANES approves the praseodymium character as Pr3+ oxidation state in glass. Glasses absorb photons in ultraviolet and near-infrared region by the Pr3+ transitions from 3H 4 ground state. The photoluminescence spectra of glasses exhibit the strongest emission at 602 nm (1D 2 → 3H 4) under 442 nm excitation (3H 4 → 3P 2). The optimal 0.5 mol% Pr 2 O 3 -doped glass possesses the highest emission intensity due to the concentration quenching effect. Judd-Ofelt theory was used to determine the Pr3+ site environment in glass and its dominant stimulated emission. Strong orange emission of this glass is suitable for orange solid-state lasers, LEDs, and emitting devices. • Strong orange emission of new Pr3+ doped lanthanum barium borate glasses for photonic materials. • The different emissions from multiple luminescence levels of Pr3+ ion were observed. • XANES obviously confirms the Pr3+ oxidation state and the variation of ion concentration in glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We prepared (45-x)B 2 O 3 -20ZnO-20PbO-(15 + x)BaO glass systems. • The density increases from 4.993 to 5.648 g/cm3 with increase BaO content. • MCNP5 code was used to study the effect of BaO on the γ-ray shielding properties. • The LAC increased by 55 %, 14.5 %, 10.9 %, and 22.4 %, at 0.059, 0.244, 1.5 and 15 MeV. This work analyses various physical and optical characteristics of a glass system composed of (45-x)B 2 O 3 -20ZnO-20PbO-(15 + x)BaO, where x ranges from 0 to 20 mol%. The partial substitution of BaO for B 2 O 3 contents shows an enhancement in the fabricated glasses density from 4.993 g/cm3 to 5.648 g/cm3. Additionally, some physical properties including refractive index, dielectric constant, oxygen-packing density, energy gap, reflection loss, and molar refractivity are calculated based on the measured density and refractive index values. The refractive index and energy gap were used to derive the metallization criteria, with high values indicating that the glass materials are insulators. The metallization level for the developed glass samples ranged between 0.519 and 0.496, while the BaO content increased between 15 and 35 mol.%, respectively. The acquired results offer predictions regarding the bonding characteristics of the current glasses and serve as a foundation for developing novel nonlinear optical materials. The Monte Carlo simulation was applied to evaluate the effect of substituting the BaO for B 2 O 3 on the γ-ray shielding properties of the fabricated glasses. The fabricated glasses linear attenuation coefficient increased by 55.1 %, 14.5 %, 10.9 %, and 22.4 %, at γ-ray energies of 0.059 MeV, 0.244 MeV, 1.5 MeV, and 15 MeV, when the BaO concentration increased between 15 and 35 mol.%, respectively. Compared to commercial shielding glasses, the developed glasses have suitable radiation shielding properties for radiation shielding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]