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A method for modulating transverse magnetic intrinsic graphene plasmons by temperature is proposed. In contrast to existing 2D or 3D infinite graphene structures, an intrinsic graphene 3D finite structure with periodicity in all three directions is designed. At the matching point, where the dispersion curve of the intrinsic graphene plasmons intersects with that of electromagnetic radiation, the intrinsic graphene plasmons and electromagnetic radiation can be excited by each other; in other words, the plasmon can be excited by light without additional mechanisms. Furthermore, the influence of environment temperature on the matching point is shown. The study reveals that the plasmon modulation is adaptive to the temperature. These results are beneficial for the design of compact graphene‐based optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we proposed a cubic graphene structure to generate both transverse electric and transverse magnetic plasmon polaritons. The component graphene squares are finite in size and the structure is thus realizable. The temperature effects were studied comprehensively and the results showed that our plasmon polariton dispersion relations behave stably with respective to the temperature. Polaritons can be generated and modulated effectively by altering the size and medium (permittivity), and we acquired a broadband spectrum of plasmon polaritons in the structure. In addition, our proposed structure requires no external stimuli, such as magnets and power. The study supplies guidelines to optoelectronic device design and selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We proposed a scheme to generate a transverse electric graphene plasmon polariton in which the imaginary part of conductivity need not be negative. In a three-dimensional periodic structure with graphene ribbons embedded in a medium, at a suitable frequency and wavelength, the periodic modification factor is not a real number but a purely imaginary one, which makes dispersion relations possibly satisfied, that is, a transverse electric graphene plasmon polariton can be excited in this case. The spectrum of the plasmon polariton is broadband. Furthermore, the coupling between the plasmon polariton and electromagnetic wave was enhanced and the enhancement is beneficial to design high efficiency optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]