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The article reports on how to solve some common problems reported by the visually impaired in optometry practice. As reported, it is important to remember that one of the most important roles of the eye care practitioner is to impart good, up to date, but easily understood information in an environment where any questions may be answered to a satisfactory standard. It is also important for optometrists and dispensing opticians to remember a couple of things about hand magnifiers.

The article looks at objective refraction, the various ways of undertaking it and what may influence the outcome. Objective refraction includes retinoscopy and the use of autorefractors, which are appearing in optometric practice in increasing numbers. It is important to set up the trial frame accurately, because failure to do so may introduce significant artefacts into the result obtained.

Outlines several key points about refraction. Difference between objective and subjective refraction; Information on retinoscopy; Advantages of binocular refraction to the patient; Ways to refine the best vision sphere of a patient.

Presents information on the 2002 conference held by the American Academy of Optometry in San Diego, California. Theme of the event; Topic discussed by Doctor Thomas Raasch; Issue discussed by Doctor Krista Davis.

The article discusses the things optometrists should know about cardiovascular disease and iis variants. It talks about the need for optometrists to know the significance of cardiovascular because it affects the appearance of the eye's blood vessels. Also tackled are the things to consider in dealing with several diseases including arterioclerosis, atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidaemia.

The article focuses on the proceedings of the British Contact Lens Association's (BCLA) 2011 clinical conference in Manchester, England. It mentions that the role of compliance in patient comfort and safety was the main theme of BCLA 2011 clinical conference. Dr Kathy Dumbleton of University of Waterloo comments on the reasons patient experience discomfort with contact lenses.

The article offers suggestions for optometrists and dispensing opticians on routine examination of the eye. It states that the exact sequence within which the external and internal examinations fall should be dictated by the particular patient presentation. It recommends that practitioners should use slit lamp on all patients to assess the integrity of the external eye and surrounding structures.

Focuses on the ninth clinical conference on optometry organized by Specsavers Professional Advancement Commitee in Birmingham, England in 2003. Statistics on the conference's delegates; Main thrust of a lecture given by ophthalmologist Jeff Kwartz; Myths in contact lens practice according to Phil Morgan; Details of pediatric optometry.

The article presents information about the PlusOptix, the A09 Paediatric Autorefractor.

A conference paper about different eye problems associated with multiple aspects of optometry are presented. Association between smoking and glaucoma was discussed and it was seen that glaucoma causes some anatomical changes. Another study looked at the effectiveness of vision therapy in the management of convergence insufficiency (CI). While a study also looked into the effectiveness of TearLab, a hand-held osmolality test able to detect dry eye.

Information about several papers discussed at the American Academy of Optometry Conference held in Anaheim, California is presented. Topics include the introduction of various contact lenses and presentations concerning the IOP-VIP implantable telescope system. The conference featured several optical industries including CooperVision Inc., CIBA Vision Corp, and Bausch & Lomb Inc.

Information on several topics discussed at the conference sponsored by the American Academy of Optometry in Great Britain is presented. These include the result of the study which focuses on Convergence Insufficiency (CI), an examination on the bacteria that can be found in the lid and conjunctiva of children which may affect fitting of eyeglasses, and the rise of debt for optometry education. Speakers at the event include Mitchell Scheimann, Maria Markoulli, and Vicky Evans.

This article reports on the highlights of the 2007 American Academy of Optometry meeting held in Tampa, Florida. The meeting is a useful way to spot trends in equipment and instrumentation that may eventually hit the British market. Instruments increasingly familiar to the British market were noticeably high profile in 2007. Optical coherent tomography, for example, are standard pieces of kit in most U.S. practices and had a significant presence in the exhibition hall. Optos launched a new software package for its scanning laser ophthalmoscope.

The article presents the highlights of the 2006 conference of the American Academy of Optometry. Delegates were treated to a multi-strand educational programme, scientific seminars and presentations and a major exhibition. Advanced Vision Research was promoting its enhanced range of lid care products. Allergan was supporting a number of presentations relating to the latest direction of its researchers in attempts to minimise dry eye symptoms.

This article presents the highlights of a recent roadshow organized by Johnson & Johnson significant to the current continuing education and training environment, as of April 2006. Associate Professor Lyndon Jones started by summarizing some familiar facts about material developments relating primarily to silicone hydrogel material, and managed along the way to still include much that was new and of interest. Sheila Hickson-Curran began her presentation by asking who in the 150 or so audience actually said yippee when an astigmat asked to be fitted with lenses.

Features the 300G pachymeter by Polymetric Sciences. Advantage; Price; Usefulness.

Introduces the Kowa Genesis D mydriatic optical camera. Features of the camera; Advantages of using the camera; Price.

Presents information on Pachmate DGH55, a device used in measuring corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth. Features of the product; Steps in using the instrument; Capability of the instrument to be used in optometry.

Examines the use of NM-200D handheld non-mydriatic fundus digital imaging camera in optometry. Characteristics of the instrument; Appearance of the instrument; Clinical performance.

Explains the application of the Data Protection Act 1998 in the practice of optometry in Great Britain. Registration of optometrists as data controllers; Definition of a data controller and a data processor according to the legislation; Responsibilities of data controllers; Principles of data processing.

Features the Nidek RT-900 automated refractor head from Nidek. Benefits and disadvantages of using refractor systems over trial frames; Product description and range capability; Results of a clinical test conducted on the product.

Presents the highlights of the clinical conference of NetLectrues on optometry held in October 2003. Activities conducted as part of the event; Factors that should be mandated in conducting cognitive-experiential psychotherapy schemes; Plan of the General Optical Council to introduce regulations against the unregistered sale of plano contact lenses.

Reports on the topics discussed during a meeting held by the American Academy of Optometry in San Diego, California about the increase in the incidence of diabetes. Factors behind the increase number of diabetes cases; Discussion on prevention of diabetes; Some ways which the pre-diabetes phase might be influenced to prevent the final diabetes state being reached.

The article reports on six optometry students who had been shortlisted as the 2014 finalists of the CooperVision 2014 Student Summit converged on Southampton, England, including Lucy Guy, Hasina Patel and Jessica Massey.

The article discusses the highlights of the 2013 Optometry Tomorrow, the annual College of Optometrists Conference held in Great Britain in March. The main theme of the conference was myopia. Professor Mark Bullimore discussed efforts to slow myopic progression, noting that penalisation with atropine has shown more impact but presents significant risks of adverse effects to children during the treatment period.

The author narrates his experience on a recent peer discussion event and offers some thoughts on distance learning interactivity.

The article focuses on the Central Retinal Enrichment Supplementation Trials (CREST), conducted by the Macular Pigment Research Group (MPRG) at Vision Research in Waterford, Ireland. It states that the study assesses the impact of enriched macular pigment with all three macular carotenoids on visual performance and blindness. It notes that the projects has taken MPRG principal investigator John Nolan over 10 years to build up and recruites patients from over 50 optometrists across the country.

The article reports on Clare O'Donnell, the head of Eye Sciences with Optegra. O'Donnell did her PhD on the impact of diabetes on anterior ocular structures and, on completion, she went on to become the clinic manager for the Eurolens Research Unit at Manchester University. O'Donnell sees her role as part of Optegra's bid to establish itself in the field of research and a champion of innovation.

The article reports on optometrist Rohit Narayan and his dry eye service. Patients were either recruited from the general clinic or attended after referral from elsewhere such as a local general practitioner. It is reported that Narayan has established excellent links with local GPs and pharmacies and local medical centres regularly refer to him.

The article offers brief information on the BluePeak imaging software for Optometrists from Heidelberg Engineering Inc.

The article reviews the website of Directorate of Optometric Continuing Education and Training (DOCET) located at www.docet.info. from Great Britain's Department of Health.

The article reports on the results of a survey by "Which? Health News" regarding vision screening for children in Great Britain. The survey has found that a third of all children in England have no organised vision screening. It says that despite a recommendation for a national screening programme, one in 10 primary care trusts (PCTs) does not arrange for any vision testing for four to five year olds at all.

The article offers information on the new attachment application developed by researchers at MIT Media Lab, that can be placed on smartphones and can be used for testing the eye for refractive errors. As stated, the device projects two parallel lines on the screen and the user then reduces the distance between two lines using the keypad. The software in the device then calculates the cylindrical and spherical component of refractive error.

The article discusses the Van Herrick (VH) technique for assessing anterior chamber depth of the eye. This technique can prove to be very effective if performed correctly and is considered most useful as a monitoring test for anterior chamber patency. In this technique, the patient is asked to look straight ahead into the microscope and the illumination is set at 60° temporal to the eye under investigation.

The article presents information on a case study where the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been useful in either diagnosis or management of patients in general optometric clinics. The patient in this study had a history of somewhat reduced vision in the left eye and was earlier diagnosed with a range of conditions. A B-scan cross-section clearly shown the strand appearing from the parafoveal area.

Information about several topics discussed at the American Academy of Optometry (AAO) Conference in Anaheim, California in October 2008 is presented. Topics include the discussion on the future of optometry, the need to improve the quality of services to the society, and development of new technologies to assist the quality of services it provide and to influence data gathering and transfer. The conference features various speakers including Doctors Ed Barlow, Joseph Barr and Richard Weisbath.

The article presents the author's suggestions of grades for a series of various retinal images. The retinal image R1 M0 depicted in picture 1 shows a few scattered dot hemorrhages and possible microaneurysms, all well away from the macular area. The retinal image in picture 2 shows some blot hemorrhages away from the macula. The retinal image graded as R3 MO in picture 10 shows new vessels around the disc area as well as a significant venous loop on the inferior retinal vein

The article discusses the significance of sports vision. It states that sports vision is the biggest clinical and commercial opportunity for ophthalmic optics in the new millennium. It will change the understanding of the importance of occupational need and refraction as a means of preventing ocular, systemic and psychological morbidity.

The article reports on the assessment process conducted by the Welsh Eye Care Initiative (WECI), which was participated by optometrists. Optometrists registered to take part in WECI in carrying out selected categories of patients an eye health examination (EHE). EHE involves dilated examination having slit-lamp biomicroscopy, assessment of anterior angle, contact tonometry, and a field assessment.

The article focuses on the issue concerning the behavioural techniques used in optometry in Great Britain. It highlights the study conducted by Brendan Barrett of Bradford University on the use of clinical behavioural strategies. It explores the results presented in the study which revealed that vision therapy cannot be considered as treatment for reading. It also indicates that there is only little evidence for the effectiveness of behavioural optometry.

The article offers insights from Bill Harvey regarding the winner of the 2008 Contribution to Optometry continuing education (CET) Award in Great Britain which went to Dr. Dan Rosser. Harvey shares that the selection of the 2008 winner proved the hardest for their judges to arrive at a final winner. Dr. Rosser's article is about visual acuity measurement and its pitfalls.

The article presents an interview with optometrist Michael Johnson regarding winning the Contribution to CET Award of the "Optician." Johnson considers the award as a surprise because he was not aware of his entry to the competition. He provides information on his optometry research at Cardiff University. The criteria used in selecting the Johnson's article for the award are mentioned.

Discusses the prospect of compulsory continuing education and training (CET) for optometry practice in Great Britain. Information on the online access to CET program for optometrist; Concern on ocular therapeutics; Discussion on the variety of CET.

Answers several questions on optometry. Factors that may influence spherical aberration in a contact lens wearer; Type of contact lens that may induce a prismatic effect in the liquid tear lens; Kind of special frequencies that are thought to be affected most by tear break-up.

Provides information on the BV-1000, an optical instrument from Topcon designed to measure eye refraction. Features of the instrument; Details of how the instrument works; Efficacy of the instrument.

Focuses on a study which investigated an optometry distance-learning continuing education program in Great Britain. Aim of the research; Key findings; Implications of the results.

Focuses on the relation of technological advancement to the role of optometrists. Imaging and measurement techniques employed in optometry; Management of eye diseases.

Provides information on research on eye care. Association between hypertensive retinopathy and risk of coronary heart disease; Evidence of amblyopia in infants; Use of botulinum toxin as treatment for lid refraction resulting from thyroid eye disease.

Discusses the development of a certificate or diploma that would enable optometrists to work anywhere in Europe. Details on comparable standards in the training of optometrists; Main activities of the board of management of the European Council of Optometry and Optics; Aim of a competence-based approach.