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The calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers were prepared from phosphogypsum at hydrothermal condition. The influences of different organic acid (citric acid and poly (acrylic acid)) on the crystal morphology were detected, respectively. The morphology of crystals can be influenced by adding organic acid. Short and large columnar crystals can be obtained by adding 5 wt.% citric acid, which can be used as cementitious materials. The long columnar crystals with uniform diameter can be obtained by adding poly (acrylic acid), which can be applied in composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]