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Organic farmers require cultivars that can be multiplied and grown in the organic farming system with no undue negative effect on the health and function of the agroecosystem. The objective is to research the impact of different types of fertilizers on the grain quality for species of wheat (Triticum dicoccum Sch., Triticum monococcum L., and Triticum spelta L.) cultivated under the conditions of organic farming. The experiment was conducted in 2014-2017 at the Agroecological Center at the Agricultural University - Plovdiv (Bulgaria) by the block method in three replications with a size of the experimental plot of 10.5 m². The organic fertilizers: Amalgerol, Lithovit, Baikal EM, Tryven - for foliar application, and one soil fertilizer - Agriorgan pellet were used in the study. Indicators measured and methods used were: Mass of 1000 grains (g)- weight method; Separation of grain from chaff (%); Hectolitre weight (kg/100 L grain) - BSS method; raw protein and fats according to the BSS 11374 method; starch according to the polarimetric method, BSS EN 13040; wet gluten - method adopted for low-gluten foods (%). The results show that all organic fertilizers increase the 1,000 seeds weight in all wheat species. Higher percentage differences were observed for Tr. spelta when treated with Tryven - 17.8%, Amalgerol - 9.6% over control. In Tr. dicoccum in the variants treated with Baikal EM (3.9%), Amalgerol - 2.9%, and for Tr. monococcum the variant treated with Amalgerol - 8.4%, Baikal EM and Tryven. Treatment with Baikal EM and Lithovit increased the hectoliter mass in Triticum dicoccum by 1.8% and 1.2% above the control, respectively, and in Triticum monococcum - Baikal EM by 3.5 and Amalgerol by 2.3%. In Triticum spelta, an increase in the indicator above the control is observed after treatment with Baikal EM - by 3.8%. The amount of crude protein, starch and fat in the grain varies within a narrow range between the different fertilization options and the control within speciеs. In organic farming specific conditions all three wheat types show a low gluten content. The highest wet gluten content was reported after Tryven treatment at Tr. dicoccum - 2.9% and with Amalgerol- 3% at Tr. spelta. The studied organic fertilizers have a positive effect on the physical and biochemical parameters of the grain can be successfully used in the production of healthy foods in organic farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive agricultural production alters the natural cycle of nutrients in the soil, very often leading to a reduction in organic matter and soil degradation. The use of biofertilizers would solve these problems and make the ecosystem healthier. The biofertilizers used in the study have a positive effect on Triticum spelta L. growth. The results of the treated variants with Litovit, Tryven, Baikal EM and Amalgerol, show a higher height of the plants in the stem elongation phase compared to the control, by 20%, 15%, 12% and 10.8%, respectively. At full ripeness, the general stimulating effect of the applied foliar biofertilizers on the height, better nutrition and growth of the plants is taken into account. Greater soil microbial activity in the studied biofertilizers was observed on the 14th day after treatment. Higher values are reported for all variants of combined fertilization (foliar fertilization on basic fertilization with Agriorgan pellet) compared to unfertilized control and self-fertilization with Agriorgan pellet, which is statistically proven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofertilizers application in agro-ecosystem improves the soil properties, protects the environment and has a positive effect on plants. As a result of the application of the studied biofertilizers, the plants heights in spindle phase are higher in all variants, compared to the control one. This difference is greatest at the treated with Baikal EM - 48.57 cm, which is 14% above control, followed by the one, treated with Amalgerol - 47.85 cm and Tryven - 47.73 cm. The positive effect on the studied biofertilizers on Triticum monococcum L., for good nutrition and intensive plant cultivation, is maintained until full density, where the highest values are reported at the variants treated with Lithovit - 99.6 cm (11% above control), Triven - 97.45 cm (8.8%) and Baikal EM - 97 cm (8.3%). The increase of the microbial activity in the soil at the variant, treated with Baikal EM (heading phase ) shows a trend that persists on the 7th, 14th and 21st day and has a positive effect on the plant height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of oats as a healthy food for people is growing, and this draws attention to the production of environmentally friendly products, using environmentally friendly approaches and tools in agriculture. The study was conducted at the Demonstration Center for Organic Agriculture at the AU, Bulgaria during the 2013-2015 period. The aim of the study is the influence of biofertilizer Amalgerol on germination, development, productivity and some quality indicators of the grain in naked oats. Applied by seed treatment and vegetation on plants, increases the percentage of sprouted and harvested plants by 10% at a dose of 5 l/ha and by 13.4% at a dose of 10 l/ha. Amalgerol increases the weight of the grain from one plant in the adverse weather conditions of 2014 by 0.25 g to 0.30 g at different fertilization doses, as well as the weight of 1000 grains by 3.70 to 4.19% compared to the control. The effect on grain yield was positive by 17.26% at a dose of 5 l/ha and by 35.69% at a dose of 10 l/ha above the control. Amalgerol (10 l/ha) increases the hectolitre weight of the grain. There is more crude protein and crude fat in the grain in the unfertilized variant, and starch in the variants treated with Amalgerol (5 l/ha) - 51.18% and (10 l/ha) - 49.43%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]