455 results on '"HELLER, KLAUS-GERHARD"'
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2. Taxonomy review of the genus Brachytrupes (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) with the description of a new species and key to the species.
- Author
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Simeu-Noutchom A, Heller KG, Nyobe PCAU, and Kekeunou S
- Subjects
- Animals, Animal Distribution, Animal Structures, Body Size, Orthoptera, Gryllidae
- Abstract
The taxonomy of the genus Brachytrupes Serville, 1838, known as Giant Burrowing Crickets is revised. Brachytrupes includes thirteen species, with B. megacephalus Lefebvre, 1827 designated as type species to promote nomenclature stability. Brachytrupes membranaceus Drury 1773, is regarded as a nomen dubium. Furthermore, the present study provides a description of a new species Brachytrupes bapaensis Simeu-Noutchom, Kekeunou & Heller sp. nov. from West Cameroon, together with a species identification key and geographic distribution. Brachytrupes bapaensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by its black-brown body, pronotum smooth and black with a yellow spot on the lateral margin, posterior pronotum as wide as the anterior. Moreover, calling song with the syllable period around 8 ms and the syllable repetition rate near 115 Hz have been recorded. This review has wide implications for the knowledge of edible insects as well as their distribution.
- Published
- 2023
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3. Review of the genus Macroscirtus Pictet, 1888 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with the description of a new species.
- Author
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Simeu-Noutchom A, Heller KG, Affa'a GZ, Wandji AC, and Nzike MM
- Subjects
- Male, Animals, Animal Distribution, Orthoptera
- Abstract
The genus Macroscirtus belongs to the subfamily Mecopodinae with five recognized species distributed in central-west tropical Africa. All species are known from very few localities. The species are reviewed and, in addition, a new species from Cameroon is described. Macroscirtus kekeunoui sp. nov. is characterized by the tegmina not reaching the penultimate abdominal segment; hind femura with mottled brown external face, ventral and internal face completely pale yellow; male subgenital plate elongated horizontally, indentation edge straight. Species descriptions of the genus are documented and a key to the species is also provided.
- Published
- 2022
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4. Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes.
- Author
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Heller KG, Chobanov D, Warchaowska-Liwa E, and Hemp C
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Reproduction, Wings, Animal anatomy & histology, Gryllidae, Orthoptera anatomy & histology
- Abstract
In the mate finding system of bush-crickets, acoustical signals play a central role. Here we review and describe the bioacoustics of Hetrodini, a morphologically uniform group of Tettigonioidea with a distribution centered in Africa. The male calling songs are produced by tegmino-tegminal stridulation. In all species, these fore wings are completely covered by the pronotum (invisible in intact specimens) and lack the glossy mirror cells which are well-known from many other singing Ensifera. Concerning spectral composition, the broad frequency peak and the parts with the most energy lie in the high audio or low ultrasonic range. In amplitude modulation, the songs are relatively simply structured and contain only one type of syllables each. These syllables consist of heavily dampened impulses (non-resonant song) and are arranged in long series of echemes (chirps) or trills. As far as it is known, syntopic species differ in syllable and/or echeme repetition rates. In contrast to the uniform morphology, the karyotypes are surprisingly diverse with chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 29 to 17 and one of two sex determination systems: X0 and neo-XY. In our opinion, taxonomically the group is at the moment at best considered as a tribe incertae sedis (without subfamily classification) within Tettigoniidae (not Tettigoniinae sensu OSF).
- Published
- 2022
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5. Revision of the high-altitude genus Hyphinomos Uvarov, 1921 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with a redescription and new data on mating behavior and acoustic signals of H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950.
- Author
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Ali A, Jaiswara R, Monaal, Kumar NR, Bharti U, and Heller KG
- Subjects
- Acoustics, Altitude, Animal Distribution, Animals, Ecosystem, Male, Orthoptera
- Abstract
High mountains are known for their unique habitats and extreme climatic conditions. Many inhabitants of this area are specialists and are known as hypsobionts. Among Ensifera, only selected species from different genera are true hypsobionts. Species in the genus Hyphinomos are one of them. Hyphinomos occurs only between 3800 and 5500 m a.s.l., and is known from two species, fasciata Uvarov, 1921 and svenhedini Ramme, 1950. Until recently they were both known only from their type localities situated in mountain ranges of the Himalayas. In this paper, we amend the description of H. svenhedini by adding new data on its distribution, habitat, structure of the male genitalia, stridulatory structures, acoustic signals (long-distance and courtship), and mating behavior. In addition, we have revised the description of Hyphinomos.
- Published
- 2022
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6. Highly divergent karyotypes and barcoding of the East African genus Gonatoxia Karsch (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae).
- Author
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Warchałowska-Śliwa E, Grzywacz B, Kociński M, Maryańska-Nadachowska A, Heller KG, and Hemp C
- Subjects
- Africa, Eastern, Animals, Orthoptera classification, Species Specificity, Chromosome Aberrations, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic methods, Genetic Variation, Karyotyping methods, Orthoptera genetics, Phylogeny
- Abstract
East Africa is a hotspot of biodiversity of many orthopteran taxa, including bushcrickets. Gonatoxia Karsch, 1889 species are fully alate Phaneropterinae, which are perfectly adapted to the foliage of forests. We examined five species using combined cytogenetic and molecular data to determine the inter- and intraspecific genetic diversity. The variation in the diploid number of chromosomes in males ranged from 2n = 28 + X0 and 26 + X0 to 2n = 6 + X0. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed from one to many 18S rDNA loci as well as interstitial sequences, especially in G. helleri. 18S rDNA loci coincided with active NOR and C-banding patterns. The isolation of populations of the species explains differences in the number of chromosomes (G. maculata), chromosomal polymorphism and chromosomal heterozygosity (G. helleri). Our molecular phylogeny based on the COI locus supported the monophyly of the genus Gonatoxia and separateness of the five examined species in accordance with their morphological features and chromosome numbers as well as the species' distribution., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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7. Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data.
- Author
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Heller KG, Baker ED, Ingrisch S, Korsunovskaya O, Liu CX, Riede K, and Warchaowska-Liwa E
- Subjects
- Animal Distribution, Animal Structures, Animals, Chromosomes, Insecta, Male, Organ Size, Orthoptera genetics
- Abstract
Bush-crickets (or katydids) of the genus Mecopoda are relatively large insects well-known for their sounds for centuries. Bioacoustic studies in India and China revealed a surprisingly large diversity of sound patterns. We extend these studies into the tropics of South East Asia using integrative taxonomy, combining song analysis, morphology of sound producing organs and male genitalia as well as chromosomes, to get a better understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of this widespread group. Besides the closely related genus Eumecopoda, the genus Mecopoda contains some isolated species and a large group of species which we assign to the Mecopoda elongata group. Some species of this group have broad tegmina and stridulatory files with different tooth spacing patterns and produce continuous, often relatively complicated, trill-like songs. The species of another subgroup with narrower wings have all similar files. Their songs consist of echemes (groups of syllables) which differ in syllable number and syllable repetition rate and also in echeme repetition rate. Our results show that South East Asia harbours a large and certainly not yet fully explored number of Mecopoda species which are most easily and clearly identified by song. Based on the data, five new forms are described: Mecopoda mahindai Heller sp. nov., Mecopoda paucidens Ingrisch, Su Heller sp. nov., Mecopoda sismondoi Heller sp. nov., Mecopoda niponensis vietnamica Heller Korsunovskaya subsp. nov., Eumecopoda cyrtoscelis zhantievi Heller subsp. nov. In addition, some taxonomic changes are proposed: Eumecopoda Hebard, 1922 stat. rev., Paramecopoda Gorochov, 2020, syn. nov. of Eumecopoda Hebard, 1922, Mecopoda javana (Johansson, 1763) stat. nov. (neotype selected) with M. javana minahasa Gorochov, 2020 stat. nov., M. javana darevskyi Gorochov, 2020 stat. nov., M. javana buru Gorochov, 2020 stat. nov., Mecopoda macassariensis (Haan, 1843) stat. rev., Mecopoda ampla malayensis Gorochov, 2020 syn. nov., Mecopada ampla javaensis Gorochov, 2020 syn. nov., Mecopoda fallax aequatorialis Gorochov, 2020 syn. nov., the last three are all synonyms of Mecopoda himalaya Liu, 2020, Mecopoda yunnana Liu 2020, stat. nov.
- Published
- 2021
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8. Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species.
- Author
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Heller KG, Puskás GR, Szöv Nyi G, and Chobanov DP
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Male, Phylogeny, Reproduction, Species Specificity, Animal Communication, Orthoptera anatomy & histology, Orthoptera classification, Orthoptera physiology
- Abstract
With nearly 60 described forms Uromenus is the most species-rich genus of the tribe Ephippigerini, a west Palearctic group of flightless bush-crickets (katydids). As it is typical for bush-crickets, Uromenus males produce species-specific calling songs to attract females prepared to mate. These insects are relatively large and their songs have always components audible to humans. Nevertheless, acoustical information are available only for few species. Also the phylogenetic relationships of species and species groups are poorly known. In this paper we present new data on the song and morphology of several species (U. dyrrhachiacus, U. elegans, U. finoti, U. galvagnii, U. robustus, U. tobboganensis and U. innocentii) and give a review of all published acoustical data. Judging from the still few data, as in other Ephippigerini the song patterns often seem to contain species-group characteristics making them candidates to be used in phylogenetic studies. Additionally, we have studied the female stridulatory organs which are unique in structure in Ephippigerini and completely different from those of the males. Despite in Uromenus used only for defensive stridulation, possibly species-specific similarities in structure between males and females exist.
- Published
- 2021
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9. Bioacoustics of poorly known Poecilimon taxa (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with redescriptions of P. pechevi and P. stschelkanovzevi.
- Author
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Chobanov DP, Sevgili H, and Heller KG
- Subjects
- Acoustics, Animals, Orthoptera
- Abstract
The genus Poecilimon has been object of several studies dealing with its systematics, sound communication and evolution. Yet, published data contradict in the classification, while many taxa are still insufficiently known. In the present study we supplement the knowledge of 13 poorly known species and one additional subspecies with data on their sound communication and/or morphology. Most species concerned here are classified within two acoustic groups. First group includes P. celebi, P. obtusicercus and P. toros, showing typical characteristics of the P. syriacus group. Second group is more heterogeneous. Among that, P. pechevi, P. armeniacus, P. harveyi, P. guichardi, P. haydari, P. doga, P. davisi and P. excisus present a song pattern similar to that of P. ampliatus. In addition, P. ataturki is also quite similar in basic song structure to the latter but differs in its fine song structure. Poecilimon stschelkanovzevi, with unclear relationships, is described morphologically in detail. The present study provides hints for solving some disagreement between recent revisions, proposing unification of the Poecilimon celebi with P. syriacus group and opening discussion based on close relationships of the groups ampliatus, armeniacus, davisi, luschani and the species P. guichardi on one hand, while the complex P. ataturki/glandifer shows significant differences on the other. The acoustic peculiarities of the ampliatus group allies are discussed in an evolutionary light.
- Published
- 2020
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10. Biology, sounds and vibratory signals of hooded katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phyllophorinae).
- Author
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Korsunovskaya O, Berezin M, Heller KG, Tkacheva E, Kompantseva T, and Zhantiev R
- Subjects
- Acoustics, Animals, Female, Insecta, Male, Wings, Animal, Orthoptera
- Abstract
The tettigoniid subfamily Phyllophorinae, distributed in Southeast Asia and Australia, is poorly known. Our study of the biology of Giant Katydid Siliquofera grandis (Blanchard, 1853) from a laboratory culture has shown that these insects mate more than once, the females lay a total of up to 400 eggs during their life, and these hatch after 2-2.5 months. The life cycle from egg to death takes longer than one year. In the laboratory, the insects fed mainly on leaves of various Rosaceae, Ficus, and lettuce, and on fruits. It is known that the males of hooded katydids lack the tegminal stridulatory apparatus typical for Tettigoniidae, but are capable of producing protest sounds using their coxosternal sound-producing organs for stridulation. Here, protest stridulation of the males and females and the sound-producing organs used to produce it have been analyzed in Phyllophorina kotoshoensis Shiraki, 1930 and S. grandis. In addition, nymphal protest sounds produced by friction of the metafemur against the edge of the pronotum and adult protest signals produced with the wings are described. In S. grandis, vibratory signals have been described and studied for the first time: territorial, protest, drumming and rhythmic low-amplitude vibrations emitted by adults and nymphs and pre- and postcopulatory vibrations of the males and females. The territorial signals not accompanied with visible movements of the body may be produced by contracting the antagonist muscles of the thorax and possibly of the legs. Using their coxosternal sound-producing organs males of S. grandis produced also an audible courtship song lasting for several seconds. Acoustic signals may thus both regulate intrapopulation relations and serve for interspecific communication (protest signals). The acoustic communication in Phyllophorinae is probably especially important during mating behavior.
- Published
- 2020
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11. Taxonomy of a katydid genus Mecopoda Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Mecopodinae) from East Asia.
- Author
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Liu CX, Heller KG, Wang XS, Yang Z, Wu C, Liu F, and Zhang T
- Subjects
- Animal Distribution, Animals, Asia, Eastern, Male, Orthoptera
- Abstract
The genus Mecopoda Serville includes eight species, which are mostly distributed in the Oriental region and a few areas in the Palearctic and Australian region. Five species have been recorded in China. Here based on the acoustical and morphological data, we provide a review on the genus Mecopoda in China. We divide the genus Mecopoda into three species groups according to their acoustical characteristics. Six new species and one new subspecies are discovered to be new to science, that it is, M. crescendo sp. nov., M. himalaya sp. nov., M. tibetensis sp. nov., M. confracta sp. nov., M. synconfracta sp. nov., M. minor sp. nov., and M. m. yunnana subsp. nov.. The male of M. marmorata He is also firstly reported with necessary description. Now the number of the genus Mecopoda is 11 in China and 14 in the world. Necessary description and pictures map are presented.
- Published
- 2020
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12. Orthoptera (Tettigoniidae and Acridoidea) from Miombo woodlands of Central Tanzania with the description of new taxa.
- Author
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Hemp C and Heller KG
- Subjects
- Animal Distribution, Animals, Ecosystem, Forests, Tanzania, Orthoptera
- Abstract
A list of the Orthoptera of Miombo woodlands of the Manyara, Dodoma and Tabora Regions of Tanzania is presented. 64 Ensifera species were recorded of which two genera (Kefalia n. gen. with three species newly described; Sentia n. gen., 1 species) and Melidia adfinia n. sp. are new to science. Further 4 new species of Acrometopini are described from the area (Horatosphaga laticerca n. sp., Horatosphaga scalata n. sp., Peronura wottae n. sp., and Tenerasphaga mpwapwae n. sp.). 78 Acridoidea species were recorded. Miombo woodlands are vanishing rapidly these days so that faunal information will become an important tool to measure habitat quality of a certain forested area and for restauration measures. The species Peronura wottae n. sp. and Kefalia grafika n. sp. must be considered as Critically Endangered since only known from Wotta Forest Reserve on the Mpwapwa plateau. This forest reserve is heavily degraded by illegal cutting and lifestock grazing and will disappear in the near future if no immediate measures are taken by responsible authorities.
- Published
- 2019
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13. New Agraeciini species from the Eastern Arc Mountains, East Africa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini).
- Author
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Hemp C and Heller KG
- Subjects
- Animals, Forests, Kenya, Male, Tanzania, Coleoptera, Orthoptera
- Abstract
Eleven new Agraeciini species are described. Six species of Afroanthracites are new to science from the North and South Pare, the West and East Usambara, the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania, and the Taita Hills of Kenya. The two Afroanthracites Hemp Ingrisch, 2013 species from the Pare Mountains, A. guttatus n. sp. and A. maculatus n. sp., and A. magamba n. sp., from Magamba Forest Reserve in the West Usambara Mountains are morphologically closely related to each other and form a morphological lineage with the already described species from the West Usambara Mountains (A. discolor Hemp, Ingrisch Ünal, 2013 and A. pseudodiscolor Hemp, 2015) and A. pommeri n. sp. from the Taita Hills of Kenya. A. lineatus n. sp. from Lutindi Forest Reserve in the East Usambara Mountains has its morphologically closest relative in A. jagoi Ünal Hemp, 2013 endemic to the Mazumbai Forest Reserve of the West Usambara Mountains while A. montium (Sjöstedt, 1910) from the Kilimanjaro/Meru area, A. inopinatus n. sp. from the South Pare Mountains and A. usambaricus (Sjöstedt, 1913) from the West Usambara Mountains form another morphological lineage. Morphological traits like the shape of the last abdominal tergite in males, the male cerci and the colour pattern suggest at least two lineages reflecting dispersal of the ancestors at a time when forest connected the mountain ranges in the past during climatic fluctuations. In the genus Afroagraecia Ingrisch Hemp, 2013 new species were collected on Zanzibar and in Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserve, the Udzungwa and Nguru Mountains. Distribution patterns and the morphology suggest recent speciation patterns of Afroagraecia in the Eastern Arc Mountains and along the Tanzanian coast. From the Nguru Mountains a third Dendrobia species of the genus, D. plagata n. sp., is described.
- Published
- 2019
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14. Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from São Tomé amp; Príncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa.
- Author
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Heller KG
- Subjects
- Africa, Western, Animal Distribution, Animals, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea, Insecta, Islands, Oceans and Seas, Orthoptera
- Abstract
The state São Tomé and Príncipe consists of two separated oceanic archipelagos situated in the Gulf of Guinea (West Central Africa). Except of a first survey on São Tomé in the 19th century, its Orthoptera fauna has never been studied systematically. Here a list of all tettigonioid species which have been recorded from the islands is presented together with information about the bioacoustics and biology of some species. Each archipelago harbours nine species, but only two species are found in both parts of the country. Two species and one subgenus are described as new: Adapantus (Adapantus) excavatus sp. nov., Brachyamytta bombomensis sp. nov., Neoadapantus subg. nov. The following nomenclatural changes had to be done: Corycoides greeffi (Krauss, 1890) becomes new synonym of Corycoides paradoxus (Bolivar, 1890), Xiphidion guineensis Redtenbacher, 1891, Xiphidion africanum Redtenbacher, 1891 and Conocephalus inequalis Uvarov, 1928 become new synonyms of Conocephalus iris Serville, 1838. The species list of Conocephalus, subgenus Conocephalus, is revised. Additionally the known tettigonioids of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea) are listed (4 species).
- Published
- 2019
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15. Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species.
- Author
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Heller KG, Hemp C, Massa B, Rakotondranary J, and Krištín A
- Subjects
- Animals, Ecosystem, Forests, Madagascar, Slovakia, Gryllidae, Orthoptera
- Abstract
During a joint ecological project of the Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia, and the University of Antananarivo, Madagascar, eight species (10 specimens) of phaneropterine bush-crickets were collected. Among them, two species were found as new to science (Mimoscudderia longicaudata n. sp., Paraphyrrhicia leuca n. sp.) and are described in this paper. Two other species (Plangia segonoides, Trigonocorypha maxima) were found the first time after their description more than 100 years ago. We provide first detailed data about their localities and habitat.
- Published
- 2019
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16. Review of Poecilimon species with inflated pronotum: description of four new taxa within an acoustically diverse group.
- Author
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Kaya S, Chobanov D, Heller KG, and YahyaoĞlu Ö
- Subjects
- Animal Distribution, Animal Structures, Animals, Female, Greece, Male, Orthoptera, Phylogeny
- Abstract
Poecilimon Fischer (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) consists of about 130 species and a functional taxonomy of the genus requires arranging species into phylogenetic groups. However, this is a task that requires detailed empirical testing. This paper documents data on Poecilimon species with an inflated pronotum. The Poecilimon (Poecilimon) inflatus group is a lineage ranging along a narrow zone in the south-west corner of Anatolia and in Crete plus some other Aegean islands. By producing data of morphology and calling songs of males and responding songs of females the composition and intra-group diversity of P. inflatus group are studied. Both morphology and male calling and female responding songs, exhibited a considerable intra-group diversity. In the light of data obtained the following nomenclatural changes were made. The genus Parapoecilimon Karabağ, 1975 syn. n. is synonymised with Poecilimon Fischer and Parapoecilimon antalyaensis Karabağ, 1975 is given a new combination, Poecilimon antalyaensis (Karabağ, 1975) comb. n. Four new taxa are described in the group: (i) Poecilimon isopterus sp.n.; (ii) Poecilimon inflatus lyciae subsp. n.; (iii) Poecilimon antalyaensis myrae subsp. n., and (iv) Poecilimon antalyaensis anemurium subsp. n. The Poecilimon (P.) inflatus species group consists of the following species: (i) Poecilimon inflatus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891; (ii) Poecilimon martinae Heller, 2004; (iii) Poecilimon cretensis Werner, 1903; (iv) Poecilimon antalyaensis (Karabağ, 1975) comb. n.; (v) Poecilimon bilgeri Karabağ, 1953 and (vi) Poecilimon isopterus sp.n. The species group is defined by a combination of characters including the pronotum inflated in metazona and a male cerci mostly black in their apical 1/2-1/3. The male calling song has typically two types of short syllables and the females respond acoustically with very short latency times. By using combination of morphology and song data we suggest three main lineages in the group: (i) P. bilgeri, (ii) P. antalyaensis and (iii) the other four species.
- Published
- 2018
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17. Review of the Poecilimon (Poecilimon) zonatus species group and description of new species from Turkey with data on bioacoustics and morphology (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae).
- Author
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Sevgİlİ H, Şİrİn D, Heller KG, and Lemonnier-Darcemont M
- Subjects
- Animals, Turkey, Orthoptera
- Abstract
The aim of this study is to conduct a detailed taxonomic revision of the Poecilimon (Poecilimon) zonatus species-group (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae) using both morphology and bioacoustics. Two new species (Poecilimon (Poecilimon) salmani, P. (P) azizsancar) and one new subspecies (P. (P) zonatus datca) are described. Based on the data, we conclude that the species complex can be separated into two subgroups (P. tauricola and P. zonatus). Within the P. zonatus subgroup, song structures indicate P. variicercis as basal branch since producing two syllable types is possibly a derived character. From both, from bioacoustics and morphology, it is concluded that the relationships between species of the group are as follows: P. tauricola subgroup (P. tauricola + P. azizsancar) + P. zonatus subgroup (P. variicercis + (P. varicornis + (P. zonatus zonatus+P. zonatus datca)) + (P. salmani+P. vodnensis)))). Except for two species (P. vodnensis and P. varicornis), the other species of the group are all distributed in Anatolia. P. vodnensis is known only from Macedonia, whereas, P. varicornis has been recorded only from Syria and Lebanon. We assume that the group originated from an Anatolian ancestral stock and expanded its distribution to the Balkans through Taurus Way and Dardanelles. Other ancestral populations may have also spread in the north-south directions through the appropriate steppe corridors in the Anatolian Diagonal Mountains and in its vicinity.
- Published
- 2018
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18. Revision of the genus Amytta (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Meconematinae) and new species from East Africa.
- Author
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Hemp C and Heller KG
- Subjects
- Acoustics, Africa, Eastern, Animals, Ecosystem, Male, Phylogeny, Orthoptera
- Abstract
New species of Amytta are described from East Africa. Beside tegminal length, they differ mainly in the structure of the complicated male genitalic organs, notably the last abdominal tergite and cerci. Data on habitat and the acoustics of some species and a key to the species are provided. The songs of all seven Amytta species studied are very similar, consisting of long trills with a syllable repetition rate of about 60 Hz (at 20ºC) and a broad frequency peak in the ultrasound at around 40 kHz. The biogeographic pattern and phylogenetic relationships are discussed for the group.
- Published
- 2017
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19. The genus Phlesirtes Bolivar, 1922 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae, Conocephalini; Karniellina), a review of the genus with data on its bioacoustics and the description of new species.
- Author
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Hemp C and Heller KG
- Subjects
- Africa, Eastern, Animals, Ecosystem, Grassland, Orthoptera
- Abstract
Species of the genus Phlesirtes are reviewed in this paper and 16 new species described. A key is provided to the species of Phlesirtes. Among the subtribe Karniellina of Conocephalini members of the genus Phlesirtes occupy habitats of montane to afroalpine grasslands in East Africa. All recorded species produced long-lasting, trill-like calling songs, consisting of sequences of continuously repeated syllables or syllable pairs with the peak of the carrier frequency in the low ultrasound.
- Published
- 2017
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20. More than a century old 'Platycleis Kraussi case' finally resolved (Tettigoniidae: Platycleidini).
- Author
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Skejo J, Rebrina F, Tvrtković N, Gomboc S, and Heller KG
- Subjects
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Croatia, Female, Geography, Male, Orthoptera anatomy & histology, Orthoptera physiology, Orthoptera classification
- Abstract
In this paper we deal with a not well known orthopteran species described from Croatia--Krauss' bush-cricket, Platycleis kraussi Padewieth, 1900 with unknown type series. After systematic field studies the species was found only three kilometres from Padewieth's locus typicus, in Francikovac near Senj (Croatia). It was found to be the same as Bicolorana kuntzeni (Ramme, 1931), thus B. kuntzeni (Ramme, 1931) syn. nov. became a synonym of Bicolorana kraussi (Padewieth, 1900) comb. nov. which is moved into genus Bicolorana Zeuner, 1941. Since the type was lost a neotype of B. kraussi is designated and deposited in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden, the Netherlands). Historical review of this species' taxonomy is given. An improved description is presented showing some variability of certain morphological characters. The morphology, morphometrics and bioacoustic data of the species are compared with those of the closely related B. bicolor (Philippi, 1830) and Modestana modesta (Fieber, 1853). Vichetia helleri syn. nov. is regarded a synonym of Bicolorana bicolor. The literature and new distribution data are gathered and presented.
- Published
- 2015
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21. A new species of Philoscirtus (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae: Mecopodinae) from the West Usambara Mountains of Tanzania and its conservation status.
- Author
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Hemp C, Heller KG, Warchałowska-Śliwa E, and Hemp A
- Subjects
- Animal Distribution, Animal Structures anatomy & histology, Animal Structures growth & development, Animals, Biodiversity, Body Size, Ecosystem, Female, Male, Organ Size, Orthoptera anatomy & histology, Orthoptera growth & development, Orthoptera physiology, Tanzania, Vocalization, Animal, Orthoptera classification
- Abstract
A new Philoscirtus species, P. viridulus n. sp. from forests of the West Usambara Mountains is described and the genus revised. Both species of the genus are known from few localities only. Their habitats are under pressure due to an increasing human population in the East and West Usambara Mountains. Both taxa should be included thus in the IUCN red list of globally threatened taxa to attract more attention to the importance of small forest patches. The biogeographical distribution of species from West Usambaran forests is discussed indicating on one hand that there must have been isolating mechanisms within the West Usambara Mountains and that part of the observed biodiversity in flightless Orthoptera is due to speciation processes not older than approximately 2 million years.
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- 2015
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22. Description of the female and notes on distribution, habitat, nymphal development, song and chromosomes of Tropidonotacris grandis Ragge (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae).
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Hemp C, Heller KG, Warchałowska-Śliwa E, and Hemp A
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- Animal Distribution, Animal Structures anatomy & histology, Animal Structures growth & development, Animals, Body Size, Ecosystem, Female, Male, Organ Size, Orthoptera anatomy & histology, Orthoptera classification, Orthoptera genetics, Tanzania, Chromosomes, Insect genetics, Nymph growth & development, Orthoptera physiology, Vocalization, Animal
- Abstract
The female of Tropidonotacris grandis is described and information on distribution, habitat, song, chromosomes and nymphal development of this species given. The populations of northern Tanzania all occur in deciduous dry forest, a habitat highly endangered by destruction and therefore T. grandis must be regarded at least as a vulnerable species according to the IUCN red list.
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- 2014
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23. Taxonomic, bioacoustic and faunistic data on a collection of Tettigonioidea from Eastern Congo (Insecta: Orthoptera).
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Heller KG, Hemp C, Liu C, and Volleth M
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- Animals, Congo, Demography, Female, Male, Orthoptera anatomy & histology, Orthoptera genetics, Phylogeny, Species Specificity, Orthoptera classification, Orthoptera physiology, Vocalization, Animal physiology
- Abstract
During a 14-day excursion in March 1990, 28 species of tettigonioids were found at Irangi (1º54'S, 28º27'E), ca.100 km north west of Bukavu at Lake Kivu (Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly Zaire), and at other localities near Bukavu. One species -Arantia (Arantia) gracilicercata Heller sp. n. - is new to science, another one-Pantecphyllus helleri Schmidt et al. 2004-was already described as new in a generic revision. All our specimens of the morphologically quite diverse and sexually dimorphic phaneropterine genus Arantia were studied using molecular methods. We propose a new subgenus Arantia (Euarantia) Heller subgen. n. based on relative tegmen width. Songs and stridulatory organs were studied in 9 species. Two phaneropterines, Horatosphaga leggei and Pardalota asymmetrica, showed remarkable calling songs lasting more than 10 s and produced by quite complicated stridulatory movements. The song of the large phaneropterine Zeuneria biramosa is noteworthy because of its unusually low carrier frequency of 3.7 kHz. Based on the examination of other specimens and species, some taxonomic changes are proposed (Phaneropteridae Burmeister, 1838 stat. rev.; Afromecopoda monroviana (Karsch, 1886) stat. rev.; Leproscirtus ebneri Karny, 1919, syn. n., Leproscirtus karschi Karny, 1919, syn. n., Leproscirtus granulosus aptera Karny, 1919, syn. n., all synonyms of Leproscirtus granulosus (Karsch, 1886); Lanistoides Sjöstedt, 1913 stat. rev.; Plastocorypha cabrai Griffini, 1909 stat. n.).
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- 2014
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24. Cytogenetic variability of European tettigoniinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae); karyotypes, C- and Ag-NOR-banding.
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Warchałowska-Sliwa E, Heller KG, and Maryańska-Nadachowska A
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- Animals, Chromosome Mapping, Female, Genetic Variation, Karyotyping, Male, Orthoptera classification, Species Specificity, Chromosome Banding, Cytogenetics, Orthoptera genetics
- Abstract
Karyotypes, C-banding pattern and localization ofnucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in 34 European species and subspecies belonging to the subfamily Tettigoniinae are described (the karyotypes of 26 species for the first time). In the males chromosome numbers vary from 2n=33 to 2n=23 and Fundamental Numbers (FN) from 36 to 27. The highest number of chromosomes for this group, 2nmale=33 (FN=33), was found in Psorodonotus illyricus macedonicus. In species belonging to genera Decticus, Metrioptera, Anterastes, Bucephaloptera, Parapholidoptera, and Eupholidoptera, as well as in Pholidoptera frivaldskyi and Pholidoptera griseoaptera, a karyotype of2n=30+XO (FN=31) was found. Ph. macedonica and Ph. aptera aptera are characterized by 2n=28+X0 (FN=31). In species from genera Drymadusa (D. dorsalis limbata) 2n=26+X0: FN=30 and Gampsocleis (G. abbreviata), karyotypes of 2n=22+X0 (FN=36) were found. Ph. macedonica and Ph. aptera aptera as well as G. abbreviata differ in karyotypes from other representatives of these genera. New data confirmed that Robertsonian fusions and tandem fusions played the most important role in the evolution of the chromosome set in Tettigoniinae. Cytogenetic similarities and differences between particular species are discussed.
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- 2005
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25. A Description of the Song of Isophya modesta modesta (Frivaldszky 1867) with Notes on Its Relationship to I. modesta rossica Bey-Bienko, 1954
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Orci, Kirill Mark and Heller, Klaus-Gerhard
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- 2004
26. Dinarippiger discoidalis Skejo & Kasalo & Fontana & Ivković & Tvrtković & Rebrina & Adžić & Buzzetti & Ćato & Deranja & Gomboc & Scherini & Škorput & Veenvliet & Vuković & Lemonnier-Darcemont & Darcemont & Heller 2023, comb. nov
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Skejo, Josip, Kasalo, Niko, Fontana, Paolo, Ivković, Slobodan, Tvrtković, Nikola, Rebrina, Fran, Adžić, Karmela, Buzzetti, Filippo Maria, Ćato, Sebastian, Deranja, Maks, Gomboc, Stanislav, Scherini, Roberto, Škorput, Jadranka, Veenvliet, Paul, Vuković, Marijana, Lemonnier-Darcemont, Michèle, Darcemont, Christian, and Heller, Klaus-Gerhard
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Dinarippiger discoidalis ,Tettigoniidae ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Dinarippiger ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Species Dinarippiger discoidalis (Fieber, 1853) comb. nov. It. vernacular name: Efippigera dalmatica; Hr. vernacular name: crvenoglava sedlarka; krška sedlarka; Slo. vernacular name: kraška sedlarka; Eng. vernacular name: Dalmatian Saddle Bush-Cricket., Published as part of Skejo, Josip, Kasalo, Niko, Fontana, Paolo, Ivković, Slobodan, Tvrtković, Nikola, Rebrina, Fran, Adžić, Karmela, Buzzetti, Filippo Maria, Ćato, Sebastian, Deranja, Maks, Gomboc, Stanislav, Scherini, Roberto, Škorput, Jadranka, Veenvliet, Paul, Vuković, Marijana, Lemonnier-Darcemont, Michèle, Darcemont, Christian & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2023, Dinarippiger gen. nov. (Tettigoniidae: Bradyporinae: Ephippigerini), a new saddle bush-cricket genus for Ephippiger discoidalis Fieber, 1853 from the Dinaric karst, pp. 49-90 in Zootaxa 5271 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7864189, {"references":["Fieber, F. X. (1853) Synopsis der europaischen Orthoptera mit besonderer R ¸ cksicht auf die in B ˆ hmen vorkommenden Arten. Lotos, 3, 201 - 207."]}
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- 2023
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27. Dinarippiger Skejo, Kasalo, Fontana et Tvrtkovic 2023, gen. nov
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Skejo, Josip, Kasalo, Niko, Fontana, Paolo, Ivković, Slobodan, Tvrtković, Nikola, Rebrina, Fran, Adžić, Karmela, Buzzetti, Filippo Maria, Ćato, Sebastian, Deranja, Maks, Gomboc, Stanislav, Scherini, Roberto, Škorput, Jadranka, Veenvliet, Paul, Vuković, Marijana, Lemonnier-Darcemont, Michèle, Darcemont, Christian, and Heller, Klaus-Gerhard
- Subjects
Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Tettigoniidae ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Dinarippiger ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Genus Dinarippiger Skejo, Kasalo, Fontana et Tvrtković gen. nov. Etymology. The generic name Dinarippiger derives from the words “ Dinara ”, the mountain between Croatia and Bosnia & Herzegovina after which the Dinaric Alps were named, and “ Ephippiger ”, the name of the genus type species has belonged to hitherto. The word “ ephippiger ” originates from the Ancient Greek word ἐφίππιον (ephippion), meaning saddle, and suffix “-ger, -gera, -gerum” meaning “-bearing”, originating from the Latin verb “gero” meaning “to carry”. The word for “saddle” also originates from two words, the adjective ἐπῐì (epí, meaning “on”) and ἵππος (híppos, meaning “horse”). The genus name is of the masculine gender. Type species. Ephippiger discoidalis Fieber, 1853, here designated; type species by original designation, but also by original monotypy. Diagnosis. The new genus is similar to Ephippiger (type species Gryllus ephippiger Fiebig, 1784 = Ephippiger ephippiger) and Uromenus (type species Ephippiger rugosicollis Serville, 1838 = Uromenus rugosicollis) and is intermediate in certain characters. From Ephippiger taxa, Dinarippiger gen. nov. can be separated by the following characters: 1) Red coloration of occiput directly adjacent to the prozona of the pronotum (black coloration in Ephippiger). 2) Basal color of the tegmina black, with a wide white line just anterior to the caudal margin of the tegmen (basal color uniformly brown in Ephippiger). 3) Cerci with bilobate tip, inner lobe almost as developed as the outer one (outer one ostensibly more developed in Ephippiger). 4) Metazona of the pronotum shorter and less elevated than in Ephippiger. From Uromenus taxa, Dinarippiger gen. nov. can be distinguished by the following set of characteristics: 1) Bright red coloration of the occiput (in Uromenus blue, yellow, orange, or reddish, but never vivid red). 2) Large part of the tegmina is visible (in Uromenus tegmina are mostly covered by the pronotum). 3) Tegmina with numerous small black dots on the dorsal margin forming a continuous black line (in Uromenus there are large black dots separated by white areas). 4) Ovipositor is typically long and straight (short and decurved ovipositor in Uromenus), but its length is highly variable among different populations. Furthermore, Dinarippiger gen. nov. males have trapezoidal and bilobate epiproct, while Uromenus and Ephippiger males have rounded or square epiproct, rarely weakly bilobate. In addition to the above-mentioned differences, it is important to note that abdominal tergites in Dinarippiger gen. nov. typically have black and white markings, which are not present in Uromenus and Ephippiger. Visually similar to Dinarippiger gen. nov. is Uromenus annae (Targioni-Tozzetti, 1881) endemic to Sardinia, in which males also have red occiput (in females, however, occiput coloration is dark), short metazona, ornamented abdomen, but short and decurved ovipositor typical of Uromenus, and distinct cerci (compare Buzzetti et al. 2019). Composition and distribution. The new genus includes a single species to date, Dinarippiger discoidalis (Fieber, 1853) comb. nov. inhabiting the karst of Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Albania. The genus inhabits the area between the distribution areas of the genera Ephippiger and Uromenus. Uromenus inhabits the area south of Dinarippiger gen. nov. distribution, with the closest populations in southern Italy, and a single isolated population in Albania (Fig. 3). The distribution area of Dinarippiger gen. nov. borders/ overlaps with that of E. ephippiger in the central part of the Dinaric Alps (nearest known localities of Ephippiger are shown in Fig. 10). In Slovenia and Croatian Istria, the distributions of E. ephippiger or E. persicarius and D. discoidalis comb. nov. may overlap due to the mosaic composition of Mediterranean and continental habitats (Fig. 10)., Published as part of Skejo, Josip, Kasalo, Niko, Fontana, Paolo, Ivković, Slobodan, Tvrtković, Nikola, Rebrina, Fran, Adžić, Karmela, Buzzetti, Filippo Maria, Ćato, Sebastian, Deranja, Maks, Gomboc, Stanislav, Scherini, Roberto, Škorput, Jadranka, Veenvliet, Paul, Vuković, Marijana, Lemonnier-Darcemont, Michèle, Darcemont, Christian & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2023, Dinarippiger gen. nov. (Tettigoniidae: Bradyporinae: Ephippigerini), a new saddle bush-cricket genus for Ephippiger discoidalis Fieber, 1853 from the Dinaric karst, pp. 49-90 in Zootaxa 5271 (1) on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7864189, {"references":["Fieber, F. X. (1853) Synopsis der europaischen Orthoptera mit besonderer R ¸ cksicht auf die in B ˆ hmen vorkommenden Arten. Lotos, 3, 201 - 207.","Hochkirch, A., Nieto, A., Garcia Criado, M., Calix, M., Braud, Y., Buzzetti, F. M., Chobanov, D., Ode, B., Presa Asensio, J. J., Willemse, L., Zuna-Kratky, T., Barranco Vega, P., Bushell, M., Clemente, M. E., Correas, J. R., Dusoulier, F., Ferreira, S., Fontana, P., Garcia, M. D., Heller, K-G., Iorgu I. S., Ivkovic, S., Kati, V., Kleukers, R., Kristin, A., Lemonnier-Darcemont, M., Lemos, P., Massa, B., Monnerat, C., Papapavlou, K. P., Prunier, F., Pushkar, T., Roesti, C., Rutschmann, F., Sirin, D., Skejo, J., Sz ˆ venyi, G., Tzirkalli, E., Vedenina, V., Barat Domenech, J., Barros, F., Cordero Tapia, P. J., Defaut, B., Fartmann, T., Gomboc, S., Gutierrez-Rodriguez, J., Holusa, J., Illich, I., Karjalainen, S., Kocarek, P., Korsunovskaya, O., Liana, A., Lopez, H., Morin, D., Olmo-Vidal, J. M., Puskas, G., Savitsky, V., Stalling, T. & Tumbrinck, J. (2016) European Red List of Grasshoppers, Crickets and Bush-crickets. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 94 pp.","Serville, J. G. A. (1838) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Orthopteres. Librarie des Encyclopedique de Roset, Paris, xviii + 776 pp., 14 pls.","Buzzetti, F. M., Brizio, C., Fontana, P. & Massa, B. (2019) A new voice from Sardinia: Uromenus annae (Targioni-Tozzetti, 1881) (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Bradyporinae: Ephippigerini). Zootaxa, 4560 (2), 311 - 320. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4560.2.4"]}
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- 2023
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28. Bushcricket Song Structure and Predation by the Acoustically Orienting Parasitoid Fly Therobia leonidei (Diptera: Tachinidae: Ormiini)
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Heller, Klaus-Gerhard
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- 1998
29. Macroscirtus acutipennis
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Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Affa'A, Glwadys Zang, Wandji, Alain Christel, and Nzike, Marcelle Mbadjoun
- Subjects
Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Macroscirtus ,Tettigoniidae ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Macroscirtus acutipennis ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Species Macroscirtus acutipennis (Karsch, 1886) Figs. 1, 6; Table 3 Type material: syntypes (1 ♂, 4 ♀♀), West-Central Tropical Africa, Angola, Cabinda. « Chinchoxo ». MfN. Description (Fig. 1): Yellow-brown, bright body. Tegmina scarcely exceeding abdomen, with a pointed apex, raised lower margin, and slightly rounded upper (Fig. 1a). Hind wings reaching a third of the length of the tegmina. Front femur unarmed, hind femur very elongated, armed with spines 7 outward and, 5-8 inward. The front and hind legs yellowish at the tips, with spines on both sides. Distribution (Fig. 6): Angola (type locality, Griffini 1908: Loagna assumed to be in Angola based on internet information), Nigeria, Ibadan (Eluwa, 1970, 1972), Central African Republic, Dzanga-Sangha (Massa, 2020)., Published as part of Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Affa'A, Glwadys Zang, Wandji, Alain Christel & Nzike, Marcelle Mbadjoun, 2022, Review of the genus Macroscirtus Pictet, 1888 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with the description of a new species, pp. 133-144 in Zootaxa 5188 (2) on pages 134-135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7087512, {"references":["Karsch, F. (1886) Orthopterologische Beitrage I. Die Mekopodiden des Berliner zoologischen Museums. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 30, 107 - 118.","Griffini, A. (1908) Phasgonuridae africane del R. Museo di Storia Naturale di Bruxelles, 3. Hetrodidae, Mecopodidae, Pseudophyllidae. Memoires de La Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 15, 35 - 64.","Eluwa, M. (1970) The biology of the West African bush - cricket, Euthypoda acutipennis Karsch (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2, 1 - 39.","Eluwa, M. (1972) The egg - laying habits of Euthypoda acutipennis Karsch (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 51, 97 - 103.","Massa, B. (2020) The tropical African tribes Poreuomenini, Zeuneriini and Morgeniini with the description of a new genus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Zootaxa, 4514 (2), 293 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4514.2.12"]}
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- 2022
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30. Macroscirtus kekeunoui Simeu-Noutchom & Heller & Affa'A & Wandji & Nzike 2022, sp. nov
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Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Affa'A, Glwadys Zang, Wandji, Alain Christel, and Nzike, Marcelle Mbadjoun
- Subjects
Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Macroscirtus ,Macroscirtus kekeunoui ,Tettigoniidae ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Macroscirtus kekeunoui Simeu-Noutchom & Heller sp. nov. Figs. 5, 6; Tables 2, 3 Material examined. Holotype ♂: Cameroon, Mpem and Djim National Park, secondary forest, coll. SIMEU NOUTCHOM Alain. Paratypes. 4 ♂♂, 4♀♀ Cameroon, Mpem and Djim National Park, secondary forest,coll. SIMEU NOUTCHOM Alain. All types in reference collection of Zoology Laboratory, University of Yaoundé I. Diagnose. Similar to M. kanguroo, but hind femora with mottled brown external face, internal face completely pale yellow (completely dark in kanguroo); subgenital plate indentation edge straight. Etymology. Named to honor Prof. Kekeunou Sévilor for his great contributions to insect ecology and taxonomy research in Cameroon. Description (Table 2), (Fig. 5): Male. Body large, brown to black, somewhat mottled with light yellow. Head 1.5 longer than wide, weakly globose; fastigium fairly wide, slightly protuberant, yellowish. Eyes rounded, protruding, 4.12 mm apart, ocellus visible between compound eyes, on the front’ extension of a yellow spot (Fig. 5 ). Antennae thin, 2.2 times longer than the body. Pronotum as long as wide, with a straight anterior edge, slightly concave posterior edge; meso and metanotum protruding and with a pointed apex, slightly angular.Abdomen brown to black; subgenital plate elongated horizontally, twice as long as the cerci, apex deeply and angularly notched, indentation 1.6 times deeper than broad, indentation edge straight; styles almost nil. Cerci not exceeding half of the subgenital plate, rather thick at the base, abruptly thinned, curved laterally and internally towards the apical third, apex ending in fine points, not touching. Fore and mid legs long, brown to black. Posterior legs strongly developed, hind femurs robust, with mottled brown external face and entirely pale yellow internal and ventral face (Fig. 5); lower edges armed with 5 external and 4 internal spines in apical half; hind tibia almost as long as the femur, bearing on average 15±2 spines both on its internal and external faces. Tegmina exceeding half of abdomen, but not reaching penultimate abdominal segment, rounded at apex, light brown with some yellow spots, weakly veined, comprising a single thick vein dividing the tegmina obliquely. Hind wings reaching almost half of the tegmina. Female. Similar to male, but slightly larger. Tegmina and hind legs more developed in the female than in the male (Table 2). Ovipositor long, slightly curved, sharp at the apex, with smooth edges.
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- 2022
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31. Macroscirtus brevipennis Redtenbacher 1892
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Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Affa'A, Glwadys Zang, Wandji, Alain Christel, and Nzike, Marcelle Mbadjoun
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Macroscirtus ,Tettigoniidae ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy ,Macroscirtus brevipennis - Abstract
Macroscirtus brevipennis Redtenbacher, 1892 Fig. 6; Tables 3 Type material: holotype ♀, Africa, West Tropical Africa, Sierre Leone. NMW. Description: Body dark. Back of the head and pronotum shelled, brown or black on both sides. Tegmina scarcely exceeding abdomen, narrow, rounded at the apex, brownish, sparsely and palely brown-stained. Hind wings narrow, slightly shorter than tegmina. Testaceous front legs with a single external spine drawn above; brownishrusty hind tibia. Fore femur brown, unarmed; hind femur very thickened at the base, transversely areolate on the outside, with a raised line, shiny, well arranged in longitudinal section, paler below, and armed with 4-5 spines on each side at the apical half. Ovipositor ferruginous. Distribution (Fig. 6): Sierra Leone (type locality); Equatorial Guinea, Cabo San Juan, (Bolivar, 1906)., Published as part of Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Affa'A, Glwadys Zang, Wandji, Alain Christel & Nzike, Marcelle Mbadjoun, 2022, Review of the genus Macroscirtus Pictet, 1888 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with the description of a new species, pp. 133-144 in Zootaxa 5188 (2) on pages 135-136, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7087512, {"references":["Redtenbacher, J. (1892) Monographische Uebersicht der Mecopodiden. Vol. 42. Verhandlungen Der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft In Wien, pp. 183 - 224.","Bolivar, I. (1906) Fasgonuridos de la Guinea espanola. Memorias de La Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, 1, 327 - 377."]}
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- 2022
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32. Macroscirtus kanguroo subsp. joannis Bolivar 1906
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Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Affa'A, Glwadys Zang, Wandji, Alain Christel, and Nzike, Marcelle Mbadjoun
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Macroscirtus ,Tettigoniidae ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Macroscirtus kanguroo ,Biodiversity ,Macroscirtus kanguroo joannis bolívar, 1906 ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Macroscirtus kanguroo joannis Bolívar, 1906 Figs 3, 4; Table 1 Type material: syntypes (1 ♀ MNCN (Paris, 1994)), Equatorial Guinea, Cabo San Juan., Published as part of Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Affa'A, Glwadys Zang, Wandji, Alain Christel & Nzike, Marcelle Mbadjoun, 2022, Review of the genus Macroscirtus Pictet, 1888 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with the description of a new species, pp. 133-144 in Zootaxa 5188 (2) on page 137, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7087512, {"references":["Bolivar, I. (1906) Fasgonuridos de la Guinea espanola. Memorias de La Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, 1, 327 - 377.","Paris, M. (1994) Catalogo de tipos de ortopteroides (Insecta) de Ignacio Bolivar, I: Blattaria, Mantodea, Phasmoptera y Orthoptera (Stenopelmatoidea, Rhaphidophoroidea, Tettigonioidea, Grylloidea, Tetrigoidea). Eos: Revista Espanola de Entomologia, 69 (1), 143 - 264."]}
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- 2022
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33. Macroscirtus Pictet 1888
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Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Affa'A, Glwadys Zang, Wandji, Alain Christel, and Nzike, Marcelle Mbadjoun
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Macroscirtus ,Tettigoniidae ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Genus Macroscirtus Pictet, 1888 Synonym Macroscyrtus Bolívar, 1893. The name Euthypoda Karsch 1886 with the type species E. difformis, designated by monotypy in Karsch 1892, is a junior synonym of Vetralla [quadrata] Walker 1869 (Kirby 1891). The type species designation of E. acutipennis by Kirby (1906) is invalid. Diagnosis. Macroscirtus can be separated from the other genera of Mecopodinae by the following combination of characters: fastigium of vertex about 2 times broader than antennal scapus; prosternum armed; tegmina longer than pronotum but not reach mid of hind femora; hind wings reduced or nearly missing. Male tegminal stridulatory organs missing except possibly in M. acutipennis, which has at least asymmetrical tegmina. Tentative key to the species of the genus Macroscirtus 1 Male tegmina completely symmetrical, rounded at apex, without stridulatory organ................................. 2 - Male tegmina asymmetrical, pointed at apex, with stridulatory organ........................ Macroscirtus acutipennis 2 Pronotal disc bright yellowish........................................................................... 3 - Pronotal disc dark brown............................................................................... 4 3 Tegmina longer than half of abdomen..................................................... Macroscirtus bicolor - Tegmina not longer than half of abdomen......................................... Macroscirtus brunneotestaceus 4 Hind wings more than two third as long as tegmina...................................... Macroscirtus brevipennis - Hind wings about half as long as tegmina.................................................................. 5 5 Hind femora completely brown; subgenital indentation edge little or more concave............... Macroscirtus kanguroo - Hind femora with mottled brown external face, internal and ventral faces completely pale yellow; subgenital indentation edge straight................................................................... Macroscirtus kekeunoui sp. nov., Published as part of Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Affa'A, Glwadys Zang, Wandji, Alain Christel & Nzike, Marcelle Mbadjoun, 2022, Review of the genus Macroscirtus Pictet, 1888 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with the description of a new species, pp. 133-144 in Zootaxa 5188 (2) on pages 134-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7087512, {"references":["Pictet, A. (1888) Locustides nouveaux ou peu connus du Musee de Geneve. Vol. 30. Mem. Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, pp. 1 - 84.","Bolivar, I. (1893) Voyage de M. Ch. Alluaud dans le territoire d'Assinie en juillet et aout 1886. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 62 (1), 169 - 184.","Karsch, F. (1886) Orthopterologische Beitrage I. Die Mekopodiden des Berliner zoologischen Museums. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 30, 107 - 118.","Karsch, F. (1892) Uebersicht der von Herrn Dr. Paul Preuss auf der Barombi-Station in Kamerun gesammelten Locustodeen. Anhang: Ueber die Mecopodiden. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 36, 317 - 346.","Walker, F. (1869) Catalogue of the specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. Catalogue of Locustidae. British Museum of Natural History, pp. 225 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8149","Kirby, W. F. (1891) Notes on the Orthopterous family Mecopodidae. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 405 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1891. tb 03036. x","Kirby, W. F. (1906) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. Vol. II. Orthoptera Saltatoria. Part I. (Achetidae et Phasgonuridae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, 562 pp."]}
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34. Macroscirtus brunneotestaceus
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Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Affa'A, Glwadys Zang, Wandji, Alain Christel, and Nzike, Marcelle Mbadjoun
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Macroscirtus ,Tettigoniidae ,Macroscirtus brunneotestaceus ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Macroscirtus brunneotestaceus (Chopard, 1954) Fig. 2, 6; Table 3 Synonym Euthypoda brunneotestacea Chopard, 1954 (Chopard, 1954) Type material: holotype ♂, Africa, West Tropical Africa, Ivory Coast, Mt. Nimba, primary forest. MNHN Paris. Description (Table 3), (Fig. 2): Body large, light brown above, very dark on the sides, shiny, hairless. The head is slightly convex, with some large pitting; the colour limit between the top and sides is clear, following the internal edge of the antenna pits; fastigium vertex very wide, with parallel edges, slightly keeled, slightly concave above with a small median keel; convex apex. Face slightly marbled, brownish, the top of the broad facial crest with parallel edges, separated from the fastigium vertex by a deep furrow. Eyes small, but rather prominent, rounded; ocellus invisible. Antennae slender, testaceous. Palps brownish; 4 th segment of the maxillary palpi very short, 5 th long, barely widened at the top. Pronotum with straight anterior edge, posterior edge slightly convex; pronotal disc bright yellowish, almost flat, with very sparse punctuation, two slightly more marked impressions near the anterior edge and a transverse furrow in posterior third; lateral lobes high, dark brown, boundary with light colour of the disc forming a re-entrant angle on the prozone; sinuate lower edge, very rounded posterior angle, coarsely pitted surface (Fig. 2d). Prosternum with long and strong spines; meso and metasternum with short-weakly angular lobes. Abdomen yellowish brown, tergites keeled in the middle and showing a small projecting angle at the posterior edge; 10 th tergite short, slightly indented at posterior edge, with rounded angles; rounded epiproct; subgenital plate very elongated, with parallel edges; apex deeply and angularly notched, lobes slightly rounded at apex; zero styles (Fig. 2c). Cerci not exceeding half of the subgenital plate, rather thick at the base, abruptly thinned and curved at right angles towards apical third, apex ending in a fine short point. Fore and mid legs long, with color of the light part of the body; femur weakly keeled towards apex, the middle ones armed with a small spine at the internal genicular lobe; anterior tibiae perforated by two oval eardrums, furrowed above, armed with 3 very small external spines, 2 internal, brown at the base, and 2 apical spurs; below 5 external spines, 6 slightly longer internal ones, and also 2 apical spurs. Intermediate tibiae with 4 external spines, 5 internal above, 6 on each side below, 4 apical spurs; tarsi with 1st and 2nd articles very short, 3 rd very enlarged, 4 th measures the length of the first two joined together; claws short and fairly thick. Hind femur very thick at the base, abruptly thinned towards the middle, with a dark brown external face, a bit rough, rather strongly keeled in the middle; lower edges armed in the apical half with 2 external and 4 internal spines; genicular lobes armed with a small spine. Tegmina not exceeding half of the 3 rd abdominal tergite, rounded at the apex (Fig. 2a,b); dorsal field flat, thick, light brown with a brown spot near the inner edge, with faint veins on a coarsely pitted and weakly reticulate background; venation similar on both tegmina, comprising a single thick rib on the awn (R + M) bifurcated towards apical third, and a weaker rib (Cu) dividing tegmina obliquely; base thick, punctate, without trace of stridulatory field; lateral field very poorly developed, darker than dorsal field, showing only weak Sc vein, straight and simple, coarsely punctate and reticulate. Wings completely aborted. Female larger, but similar to male. Female subgenital plate rounded at the posterior edge, rather strongly keeled on the median line. Oviscapt long, almost straight, acute at the apex, with smooth edges (Fig. 2b). Distribution (Fig. 6): Ivory Coast, Mt. Nimba (type locality), Man, Mt. Tonkoui (1171m), Mt. Nimba camp (Massa et al. 2021); Guinea: Southeast Guinea (Naskrecki, 2006), Published as part of Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Affa'A, Glwadys Zang, Wandji, Alain Christel & Nzike, Marcelle Mbadjoun, 2022, Review of the genus Macroscirtus Pictet, 1888 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with the description of a new species, pp. 133-144 in Zootaxa 5188 (2) on pages 136-137, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7087512, {"references":["Chopard, L. (1954) La reserve naturelle integrale du Mont Nimba. II. Orthopteres Ensiferes. Memoires Institut Francais Afrique Noire, 40, 25 - 97.","Massa, B. (2021) Orthoptera Tettigoniidae as indicators of biodiversity hotspots in the Guinean Forests of Central and West Tropical Africa. Zootaxa, 4974 (3), 401 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4974.3.1","Naskrecki, P. (2006) Evaluation rapide des sauterelles (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) sur des sites particuliers de la Guinee For-estiere en Guinee (Afrique de l'Ouest). In: Heather, E. W., Jennifer, M., Leeanne, E. A. & Mamadou, S. D. (Eds.), A Rapid Biological Assessment of Three Classified Forests in Southeastern Guinea. Vol. 40. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment, Conservation International, Washington, pp. 46 - 52."]}
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35. Macroscirtus kanguroo Pictet. Hind 1888
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Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Affa'A, Glwadys Zang, Wandji, Alain Christel, and Nzike, Marcelle Mbadjoun
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Macroscirtus ,Tettigoniidae ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Macroscirtus kanguroo ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Species Macroscirtus kanguroo Pictet, 1888 Figs. 3, 4, 6; Tables 1, 3 Type material: syntypes (2♂♂ Mus. Geneve (Hollier, 2011)), type locality: Africa, West-Central Tropical Africa, Gabon. According to Art. 45.6.4 (ICZN, 2000) both Macroscyrtus kanguroo variety insularis Griffini, 1906 (Griffini, 1906), and Macroscirtus kanguroo variety joannis Bolívar, 1906 (Bolívar, 1906) have to be considered as valid subspecies., Published as part of Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Affa'A, Glwadys Zang, Wandji, Alain Christel & Nzike, Marcelle Mbadjoun, 2022, Review of the genus Macroscirtus Pictet, 1888 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with the description of a new species, pp. 133-144 in Zootaxa 5188 (2) on page 137, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7087512, {"references":["Pictet, A. (1888) Locustides nouveaux ou peu connus du Musee de Geneve. Vol. 30. Mem. Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, pp. 1 - 84.","Hollier, J. (2011) An annotated list of the Orthoptera (Insecta) species described by Alphonse Pictet (alone, and with Henri de Saussure) with an account of the primary type material present in the Museum d'histoire naturelle in Geneva. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 118 (2), 345 - 400.","ICZN. (2000) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Edition 4. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature 1999, London. Available from: https: // www. iczn. org / the-code / the-code-online / (accessed 3 May 2022)","Griffini, A. (1906) Ortotteri raccolti da Leonardo Fea nell'Africa occidentale. 1. Hetrodidi, Conocephalidi, Meconemidi, Pseudophyllidi, Mecopodidi, Fanerotteridi. Annali Del Museo Civico Di Storia Naturale ' Giacomo Doria', Genova, 2 (3), 358 - 397.","Bolivar, I. (1906) Fasgonuridos de la Guinea espanola. Memorias de La Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, 1, 327 - 377."]}
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36. Macroscyrtus kanguroo subsp. insularis Griffini 1906
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Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Affa'A, Glwadys Zang, Wandji, Alain Christel, and Nzike, Marcelle Mbadjoun
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Macroscyrtus ,Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Tettigoniidae ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Macroscyrtus kanguroo insularis griffini, 1906 ,Biodiversity ,Macroscyrtus kanguroo ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Macroscyrtus kanguroo insularis Griffini, 1906 Table 1 Type material: syntypes (1 ♂, 3 ♀♀), Equatorial Guinea, Bioko (Fernando Poo, Punta Frailes)., Published as part of Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Affa'A, Glwadys Zang, Wandji, Alain Christel & Nzike, Marcelle Mbadjoun, 2022, Review of the genus Macroscirtus Pictet, 1888 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with the description of a new species, pp. 133-144 in Zootaxa 5188 (2) on page 137, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7087512, {"references":["Griffini, A. (1906) Ortotteri raccolti da Leonardo Fea nell'Africa occidentale. 1. Hetrodidi, Conocephalidi, Meconemidi, Pseudophyllidi, Mecopodidi, Fanerotteridi. Annali Del Museo Civico Di Storia Naturale ' Giacomo Doria', Genova, 2 (3), 358 - 397."]}
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37. Macroscirtus bicolor Bolivar 1893
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Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Affa'A, Glwadys Zang, Wandji, Alain Christel, and Nzike, Marcelle Mbadjoun
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Macroscirtus ,Macroscirtus bicolor ,Tettigoniidae ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Species Macroscirtus bicolor Bolívar, 1893 Fig. 6; Table 3 Synonym Macroscyrtus bicolor Bolívar, 1893 (Bolívar, 1893) Type material: syntype ♀, Africa, West Tropical Africa, Ivory Coast. Museum Madrid (Paris & Hemp, in press) Description: Pitch brown, with the vertex and back of the pronotum dirty yellow. Pronotum punctate, rounded on the sides, with the lateral carinae somewhat pronounced on the metazone, the latter having more than half the length of the prozone; lateral lobes shiny black, pitted, but with small smooth spaces, pronotal disc bright yellowish. Tegmina acuminate, less pointed than in Macroscirtus acutipennis, but more rounded than in Macroscirtus kanguroo Pictet. Hind wings absent or extremely small. Anterior tibiae showing above on the external edge, two small spines; below, they have six spines on each side, or even seven on the outer side; intermediate ones are armed above with two spines on the external side and three internally. Forelegs yellowish. The abdomen is smooth and somewhat keeled in the median line above; this carina, extending posteriorly, forms a small tooth on each segment. Ovipositor very long, smooth and slightly curved upwards at the end. Distribution (Fig. 6): Ivory Coast, Assinie-Mafia., Published as part of Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Affa'A, Glwadys Zang, Wandji, Alain Christel & Nzike, Marcelle Mbadjoun, 2022, Review of the genus Macroscirtus Pictet, 1888 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with the description of a new species, pp. 133-144 in Zootaxa 5188 (2) on page 135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7087512, {"references":["Bolivar, I. (1893) Voyage de M. Ch. Alluaud dans le territoire d'Assinie en juillet et aout 1886. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 62 (1), 169 - 184."]}
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38. Enyaliopsis undefined-4
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Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, and Hemp, Claudia
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Enyaliopsis undefined-4 ,Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Tettigoniidae ,Enyaliopsis ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Enyaliopsis spec. 4 References: Kowalski & Lakes-Harlan 2013 Bioacoustics. The calling song of this species is described as belonging to song type B (in Fig. 5). The origin of the specimen is unknown, and voucher specimens do not seem to exit (Lakes-Harlan in litt.), Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta & Hemp, Claudia, 2022, Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes, pp. 451-481 in Zootaxa 5120 (4) on page 468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6392707, {"references":["Kowalski, K. & Lakes-Harlan, R. (2013) The acoustic communication system in six species of armoured ground crickets (Orthop- tera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodinae): commonalities and species-specific differences. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 252, 204 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2012.05.005"]}
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39. Cosmoderus femoralis Sjostedt 1901
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Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, and Hemp, Claudia
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Tettigoniidae ,Cosmoderus ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Cosmoderus femoralis ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Cosmoderus femoralis Sjöstedt, 1901 Material examined: 3 males [CH8626 (SR, TI, CHR), CH 8627 (SF, TI, CHR), CH8628 (CHR)], CAMEROON, 2018, obtained alive from P. Grabowitz, Cologne. Bioacoustics. The tegmina of Cosmoderus femoralis males show the typical Hetrodini shape (Fig. 2). The left file carries 65 relatively small teeth (Table 1; Fig. 4), much more than in the species described above. The recorded male produced its calling song only at night. In the beginning it made crescendoing series of syllables lasting a few seconds, but these sequences quickly became longer ending in very long trills (Fig. 5A, 8A; longest recorded uninterrupted songs 46 and 66 minutes). The spectrum of the song is typical for Hetrodini with the peak at 16 kHz (Fig. 6). Genitalia. The genitalic sclerites consist of a large, central, triangular, basal part (titillator) with a very short rectangularly-bent tip and two smaller lateral elements (Fig. 9A). Chromosomes: 2n = 25 (24 + X0), FN = 29; pairs 1 and 2 submetacentric (= bi-armed), 3–12 and X chromosome acrocentric (3 males); thin C-positive paracentromeric bands in all of the chromosomes and an interstitial one in the first pair of autosome (Fig. 12A)., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta & Hemp, Claudia, 2022, Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes, pp. 451-481 in Zootaxa 5120 (4) on page 464, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6392707, {"references":["Sjostedt, Y. (1901) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Insektenfauna von Kamerun. 8. Locustodeen aus Kamerun und Kongo. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps - akademiens Handlingar, 27, 1 - 45."]}
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40. Enyaliopsis bloyeti
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Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, and Hemp, Claudia
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Tettigoniidae ,Enyaliopsis bloyeti ,Enyaliopsis ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Enyaliopsis bloyeti (Lucas, 1885) Material examined: 2 males [CH8853 (SF), 1 male (SR), 1 male (TI, CHR)], TANZANIA, Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserve nr. Kisarawe, Pwani Region, February 2015, leg. C. Hemp; 2 males [CH8854 (SF), 1 male (SR, CHR)], TANZANIA, Udzungwa Mts., Mangula Gate, Morogoro Region, March 2016, leg. C. Hemp; 1 male (SR), TANZANIA, Bagamoyo, Febr. 2022, leg. C. Hemp. Reference: Hemp 2021 Bioacoustics. Tegmina (Fig. 3), stridulatory file (Table 1), and spectrum of the song (Fig. 6) do not show large differences to the typical Hetrodini pattern. The calling song consists of a series of echemes repeated at 0.6 Hz and with about 30 syllables each (Fig. 8B; see Table 2). The first echeme of a series is often slightly longer than the following. Genitalia. The central part of the genitalic sclerites (titillator) of our specimens (Fig. 9B) is similar to that figured by Glenn (1991). Chromosomes: 2n = 29 (28 + X0), FN = 29; pairs 1–14 and X chromosome acrocentric (2 males); thick (occupied the region next to the centromere) C-bands in the paracentromeric region in the long/medium chromosomes and the X chromosome, thin C-block in the short-sized autosomes (Fig. 12B), Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta & Hemp, Claudia, 2022, Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes, pp. 451-481 in Zootaxa 5120 (4) on pages 465-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6392707, {"references":["Lucas, P. H. (1885) (Eugaster bloyeti Luc.). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Bulletin [= Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr.], (6), 5, 91 - 92.","Hemp, C. (2021) A Field Guide to the Bushcrickets, Wetas and Raspy Crickets of Tanzania and Kenya. Senckenberg Gesellschaft fur Naturforschung, Frankfurt, 451 pp.","Glenn, G. S. Jr. (1991) A systematic revision of Enyaliopsis Karsch 1887 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Hetrodinae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 117, 67 - 102. http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 25078540"]}
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41. Anepisceptus horridus
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Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, and Hemp, Claudia
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Anepisceptus horridus ,Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Tettigoniidae ,Anepisceptus ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Anepisceptus horridus (Burmeister, 1838) References: OSF (stridulatory file) The tegmina have the typical shape of Hetrodini (see above) with the left file carrying only about 20 teeth (NMH in OSF)., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta & Hemp, Claudia, 2022, Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes, pp. 451-481 in Zootaxa 5120 (4) on pages 463-464, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6392707, {"references":["Burmeister, H. (1838) Handbuch der Entomologie, Zweiter Band. Besondere Entomologie. Zweite Abtheilung Kaukerfe, Gymnognatha. Erste Halfte; vulgo Orthoptera. T. C. F. Enslin, Berlin, i - viii + pp. 457 - 756."]}
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42. Acanthoplus discoidalis
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Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, and Hemp, Claudia
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Acanthoplus ,Tettigoniidae ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Biodiversity ,Acanthoplus discoidalis ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Acanthoplus discoidalis (Walker, 1869) Material examined: 1 male, CHelb8946 (SF), NAMIBIA; Khomas rg., 35,3 km SE Windhoek, 1728 m a.s.l., 13– 17.2.2018, leg. Sergey Dementyev. References: Kowalski & Lakes-Harlan 2013, Bio.acousti.ca via wikipedia „577_20_Acanthopl[i]us_discoidalis_629r1“ Bioacoustics. See Acanthoplus longipes and Fig. 7., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta & Hemp, Claudia, 2022, Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes, pp. 451-481 in Zootaxa 5120 (4) on page 461, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6392707, {"references":["Walker, F. (1869) Catalogue of the specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. Catalogue of Locustidae. British Museum of Natural History, London, pp. 225 - 423.","Kowalski, K. & Lakes-Harlan, R. (2013) The acoustic communication system in six species of armoured ground crickets (Orthop- tera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodinae): commonalities and species-specific differences. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 252, 204 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2012.05.005"]}
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43. Eugaster guyoni
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Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, and Hemp, Claudia
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Tettigoniidae ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Biodiversity ,Eugaster ,Eugaster guyoni ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Eugaster guyoni (Serville, 1838) Material examined: 1 male, CH 0656 (SF), MOROCCO, 20 km W of Midelt P 3426 (32°45’N, 4°54’W), 1–31 viii 1985, leg. M. Gebhardt (guyoni nigripes); 1 male (SR), MOROCCO, S of Taroudant, ruderal stony desert and bush, p.1179, N 30.53051, W 008.4142, 600 m, 29.03.2019, leg. Chobanov (guyoni berlandi); 1 male (SR), MOROCCO, Tamaloukht, N 30.60269, W 008.83921, 420 m, 10.06.2013, leg. Chobanov (guyoni berlandi); 1 male (SR), MOROCCO, 20 km E of Tiznit, ruderal scrub vegetation near the road, p.030, N 29.69291, W 009.52822, 210 m, 24.05.2013, leg. Chobanov (guyoni berlandi); 1 male (SR), MOROCCO, NE of Tantan, deviation to Tideguit, cactus-plantation (Opuntia), N 28.56885, W 010.82870, 174 m, 24.05.2013, leg. Chobanov (guyoni fernandezi); 1 male (SR), MOROCCO, 5 km NE of Taliouine, stony desert and canyon, p.1180, N 30.56452, W 007.95019, 1140 m, 29.03.2019, leg. Chobanov (guyoni intermedia); 2 males (SR), MOROCCO, SE of Talouine, barley plantation, N 30.47001, W 007.84247, 1470 m, 26.05.2013, leg. Chobanov (guyoni intermedia). References: Grzeschik 1969, Nielsen 1971, 1974, Schmidt et al. 1997. Bioacoustics. The tegmina (Fig. 2B) are in shape typical for Hetrodini, but show even less remainings of veins and cells than the other studied genera (compare Fig. 2, 3). For other data see below, Eugaster spinulosa. Genitalia. Despite careful examination, we could not find a titillator or other sclerotized genitalic elements. Already Grzeschik (1969, p. 91) writes “like all Tettigoniidae Eugaster does not have a penis“ (translated from German). Chromosomes: 2n = 29 (28 + X0), FN = 29; pairs 1–14 and the X chromosome acrocentric [2 males described earlier (Grzywacz et al. 2015): Morocco, Tamaloukht, 10.06.2013, leg. Chobanov (cf. berlandi) and 20 km E of Tiznit, 24.05.2013, leg. Chobanov (cf. berlandi/fernandezi)]; thin paracentromeric C-bands in all chromosomes., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta & Hemp, Claudia, 2022, Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes, pp. 451-481 in Zootaxa 5120 (4) on page 472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6392707, {"references":["Serville, J. G. A. (1838) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Orthopteres. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret [Collection des suites a Buffon]; Paris (Roret), 776 pp.","Grzeschik, K. - H. (1969) On the systematics, biology and ethology of Eugaster Serville (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). Form and Function, 1, 46 - 144.","Nielsen, E. T. (1971) Stridulatory activity of Eugaster (Orthoptera, Ensifera). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 14, 234 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1570 - 7458.1971. tb 00160. x","Nielsen, E. T. (1974) Activity patterns of Eugaster (Orthoptera: Ensifera). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 17, 325 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1570 - 7458.1974. tb 00351. x","Schmidt, G. H., Feierabend, H. & Paiva, M. R. (1997) Ein Beitrag zum Kopulations- und Stridulationsverhalten von Eugaster guyoni fernandezii. Bolivar, 1935 (Ensifera: Hetrodidae). Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie, 11, 405 - 410.","Grzywacz, B., Hemp, C., Heller, K. - G., Hemp, A., Chobanov, D. P. & Warchalowska-Sliwa, E. (2015) Cytogenetics and mo- lecular differentiation in the African armoured ground bushcrickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodinae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 259, 22 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2015.10.001"]}
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44. Enyaliopsis iaculator Naskrecki & Guta 2019
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Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, and Hemp, Claudia
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Enyaliopsis iaculator ,Tettigoniidae ,Enyaliopsis ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Enyaliopsis iaculator Naskrecki & Guta, 2019 References: Naskrecki & Guta 2019 Bioacoustics. Tegmina, stridulatory file and song are described and figured by Naskrecki & Guta (2019). The calling song consists of a long sequence of short echemes (Fig. 8F; song type C in Fig. 5; see Table 2), Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta & Hemp, Claudia, 2022, Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes, pp. 451-481 in Zootaxa 5120 (4) on page 467, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6392707, {"references":["Naskrecki, P. & Guta, R. (2019) Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) of Gorongosa National Park and Central Mozambique. Zootaxa, 4682 (1), 001 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4682.1.1"]}
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45. Enyaliopsis jennae Glenn 1991
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Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, and Hemp, Claudia
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Tettigoniidae ,Enyaliopsis ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy ,Enyaliopsis jennae - Abstract
Enyaliopsis jennae Glenn, 1991 Material examined: 3 males [CH8267 (SR, SF, CHR), HE82 (TI, CHR), HE87 (CHR)], TANZANIA, Uluguru Mts, Morogoro Region, 1 vii 2016, leg. C. Hemp. References: Glenn 1991, Hemp 2021 Bioacoustics. Tegmina (Fig. 3), stridulatory file (Table 1), and spectrum of the song (Fig. 6) do not show large differences to the typical Hetrodini pattern. The calling song (Fig. 8G) consists of long series of syllables (song type B 2 in Fig. 5; see Table 2). Genitalia. The titillator of our specimen (Fig. 9F) agrees quite well with the figure in Glenn (1991). Chromosomes: 2n = 28 (26 + neo-XY), FN = 29; pairs 1–13 acrocentric, longest in the set metacentric neo-X and long acrocentric neo-Y (3 males); thin C-bands in the paracentromeric region an all chromosomes, thin interstitial C-positive heterochromatin block in pair 1 (Fig. 12E)., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta & Hemp, Claudia, 2022, Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes, pp. 451-481 in Zootaxa 5120 (4) on pages 467-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6392707, {"references":["Glenn, G. S. Jr. (1991) A systematic revision of Enyaliopsis Karsch 1887 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Hetrodinae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 117, 67 - 102. http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 25078540","Hemp, C. (2021) A Field Guide to the Bushcrickets, Wetas and Raspy Crickets of Tanzania and Kenya. Senckenberg Gesellschaft fur Naturforschung, Frankfurt, 451 pp."]}
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46. Enyaliopsis undefined-2
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Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, and Hemp, Claudia
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Tettigoniidae ,Enyaliopsis undefined-2 ,Enyaliopsis ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Enyaliopsis spec. 2Mpwapwa This species is called Mpwapwa Armoured Ground Bushcricket and can be identified using the key in Hemp (2021). The single known male specimen of this species has a small body size and the spines of the pronotum are rather short. It resembles E. spec. 3 from the East Chenene Forest Reserve further north-west but is smaller in body size and the pronotum is less spiny. Material examined: 1 male [CH8353 (SR, TI, CHR), TANZANIA, Mpwapwa plateau, Dodoma Region, Wotta Forest Reserve, 1840 m, March 2017, leg. C. Hemp. Reference: Hemp 2021 Bioacoustics. The calling song (Fig. 8H) consists of long series of syllables (song type B in Fig. 5; see Table 2). The spectrum of the song (Fig. 6; peak at 13 kHz) does not show large differences to the typical Hetrodini pattern. Genitalia. In a comparison of figures, the titillator of our specimen (Fig. 9G) is most similar to that of E. monsteri Glenn, 1991 from the petersi group. Chromosomes: 2n = 27 (26 + X0), FN = 30; pair 1 submetacentric, 2–13 acrocentric, X chromosome metacentric (1 male); thin C-bands in the paracentromeric region of all chromosomes (Fig. 12F), Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta & Hemp, Claudia, 2022, Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes, pp. 451-481 in Zootaxa 5120 (4) on page 468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6392707, {"references":["Hemp, C. (2021) A Field Guide to the Bushcrickets, Wetas and Raspy Crickets of Tanzania and Kenya. Senckenberg Gesellschaft fur Naturforschung, Frankfurt, 451 pp.","Glenn, G. S. Jr. (1991) A systematic revision of Enyaliopsis Karsch 1887 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Hetrodinae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 117, 67 - 102. http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 25078540"]}
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47. Enyaliopsis nyala Glenn 1991
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Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, and Hemp, Claudia
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Tettigoniidae ,Enyaliopsis ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Biodiversity ,Enyaliopsis nyala ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Enyaliopsis nyala Glenn 1991 References: Glenn 1991 Bioacoustics. The calling song of this species is described as consisting of echemes (song type C in Fig. 5; see Table 2)., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta & Hemp, Claudia, 2022, Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes, pp. 451-481 in Zootaxa 5120 (4) on page 468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6392707, {"references":["Glenn, G. S. Jr. (1991) A systematic revision of Enyaliopsis Karsch 1887 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Hetrodinae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 117, 67 - 102. http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 25078540"]}
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48. Acanthoplus longipes
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Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, and Hemp, Claudia
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Acanthoplus ,Tettigoniidae ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Acanthoplus longipes ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Acanthoplus longipes (Charpentier, 1843) References: Conti & Viglianisi 2005, Kowalski & Lakes-Harlan 2011, Kowalski & Lakes-Harlan 2013 Bioacoustics. Acanthoplus longipes and A. discoidalis possess stridulatory files with unusually few teeth (fewer only in Anepisceptus horridus) and quite large intervals between the teeth. Their calling songs look relatively complicated because they consist of two groups of impulses which are repeated again and again resulting in a trilllike structure (Fig. 7; based on data and figures taken from literature). In our interpretation, both groups together should be considered as one syllable produced during one closing movement with a short break in the middle (e.g., in Leptophyes lisae; Heller 1988). This idea is supported by the observation that in the first group the impulses are typically increasing in amplitude and in the second decreasing (Fig. 7; not the case only in 7C). Both species differ distinctly in the syllable repetition rate with A. longipes singing faster than A. discoidalis. The differences in SRR between the two recordings of A. discoidalis (Conti & Viglianisi 2005, Kowalski & Lakes-Harlan 2013) result very probably from the different temperatures during recording. A. longipes females made phonotaxis mainly to the species-specific song pattern, while A. discoidalis females were attracted to a wider spectrum of song models (Kowalski & Lakes-Harlan 2011)., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta & Hemp, Claudia, 2022, Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes, pp. 451-481 in Zootaxa 5120 (4) on pages 461-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6392707, {"references":["Charpentier, T. de (1843) Orthoptera descripta et depicta [1841 - 1845]. Voss, Lipsae (Leipzig), 120 pp.","Conti, E. & Viglianisi, F. M. (2005) Ecology of the calling song of two Namibian armoured ground crickets, Acanthoplus longipes and Acanthoproctus diadematus (Orthoptera Tettigoniidae Hetrodinae). Ethology, Ecology & Evolution, 17, 261 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08927014.2005.9522596","Kowalski, K. & Lakes-Harlan, R. (2011) Temporal patterns of intra- and interspecific acoustic signals differ in two closely related species of Acanthoplus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodinae). Zoology, 114, 29 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. zool. 2010.09.002","Kowalski, K. & Lakes-Harlan, R. (2013) The acoustic communication system in six species of armoured ground crickets (Orthop- tera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodinae): commonalities and species-specific differences. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 252, 204 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2012.05.005","Heller, K. - G. (1988) Bioakustik der europaischen Laubheuschrecken. Okologie in Forschung und Anwendung, Bd. 1. Verlag J. Margraf, Weikersheim, 358 pp."]}
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49. Hetrodini Brunner von Wattenwyl 1878
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Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, and Hemp, Claudia
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Tettigoniidae ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Hetrodini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 stat. nov The 14 genera of Hetrodini have been divided into five groups (subtribes): Acanthoplina Ebner & Beier, 1964, Anepisceptina Schmidt, 1998, Enyaliopsina Weidner, 1955, Eugastrina Karsch, 1887 and Hetrodina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878. Despite some reservations, we follow this conventional classification. Surprisingly, the internal genitalic organs of the males did not attract much attention (except in Enyaliopsis; Glenn 1991) in taxonomic studies. This may be partly due to the fact that many studies were made before the importance of this character was known, and the titillators are difficult to prepare, but partly also because in some genera these structures do not seem to be sclerotized. In Eugaster and Eugasteroides we could not find distinct sclerotized elements, whereas, in other genera they are quite large (see Specific part). ......continued on the next page TABLE 1. (Continued) § Glenn 1991 $ Conti & Viglianisi 2005 & Kowalski & Lakes-Harlan 2013 * Naskrecki & Guta, 2019 # Schmidt 1990 % Grzeschik 1969 Bioacoustics Male tegmina. As in almost all tettigonioids, Hetrodini produce their songs by rubbing the stridulatory file on the lower side of the left tegmen against the scraper, the amplified edge of the right tegmen. In all species studied, left and right tegmen were quite similar in shape (Fig. 2). They do not show structures adapted for sound propagation or amplification like e.g., glossy mirror cells. Species differ in the size of the tegmina and in details of the venation but are in general quite uniform (Fig. 3). Stridulatory files. In all specimens studied by us and by others (Grzeschik 1969) the left tegmen was nearly always placed above the right tegmen as it is typical for tettigonioids. In Eugaster only 4 out of 237 males had a reversed position, but also these males were able to sing (Grzeschik 1969). The left file carried also more and stronger teeth and was longer than that of the right tegmen (Grzeschik 1969, Glenn 1991). The tooth number in the left file varied between 20 and 65, the length of the file between 1.4 and 4.3 mm, and the intervals between the teeth in the middle of the file between 32 and 136 µm (Table 1; see Fig. 4 for examples). The intervals between the teeth were distinctly larger in the two Acanthoplus species than in all other investigated species. Amplitude pattern. All Hetrodini species studied until now produce non-resonant songs with each syllable consisting of a series of distinct impulses (Fig. 7, 8, 10; see also e.g., figures in Kowalski & Lakes-Harlan 2013). However, in recordings containing many echoes these impulses can often not be recognised as separated units. According to the grouping of the syllables, the songs can be subdivided into three categories. Some species produce very long (sometimes lasting more than one hour), uninterrupted sequences of syllables (trilling species; Fig. 5A). Other species have also songs containing series of syllables lasting several seconds, but these sequences and their intervals are typically variable in duration. There is a more or less continuous transition from nearly trill-like sequences (Fig. 5B 1) to short groupings or even single series separated by large gaps (Fig. 5B 2, 3). The third group of species differs clearly from the preceding ones showing short groups of syllables (echemes) with intervals in a similar range, both quite constant in their duration (Fig. 5C). The echemes contained 7 to 31 syllables depending on the species. The syllable repetition rate of the species studied here varied between 7 and 44 Hz (Table 2; all song types). In all species studied, there seems to be only one type of hemisyllable; the sound is probably produced during the closing movement of the tegmina only. Accordingly, the steep side of the teeth is directed towards the wing edge (in SEM photos of Conti & Viglianisi 2005). Opening hemisyllables are missing or are very weak (Fig. 7I, 8G). Spectra. The power spectra of the male songs show one broad peak with the maximum always in the high audio range, between 9 and 19 kHz (Fig. 6, Table 2). The bandwidth 10 dB below peak ranged from 4 to 12 kHz. In interspecific comparisons, there were no obvious correlations between any morphological characteristics (body size, pronotum length, tooth number, file length, inter-tooth intervals) and peak frequency (r 2 =0.01–0.09; p=0.11–0.63) or bandwidth (r 2 =0.00–0.08; p=0.33–0.68; see Table 1 and 2). Song intensity. The loudness of the song is an important parameter that determines the range of the song to conspecifics and predators, depending also on spectral characteristics of the sounds and of the ears of the receivers. It is rarely measured because the procedure requires special equipment. In Hetrodini, Kowalski & Lakes-Harlan (2010) presented data for one species, and here another three are added (Table 3; all measured or calculated for a singing male in 1 m distance). Our new data may have a tendency for underestimating the loudness because the equipment was not sensitive for ultrasonic frequencies (>20 kHz). The much lower values of Acanthoplus longipes were obtained with equipment sensitive to 10 kHz only according to its datasheet. Syntopic occurrences. Despite the large number of (sub)species described there is little information which of these forms do coexist at a certain place and how they might manage to live together. In Table 4 we present all of the surprisingly few examples of syntopic occurrences we could find together with data on body size and song characteristics of the species involved. Chromosomes. A comparison of the karyotype of eighteen Hetrodini species/taxa revealed differences in the chromosome number (2n), the chromosome morphology (including X and Y chromosomes), the fundamental number of chromosomes arms (FN), the sex chromosome system, and C-banding pattern (C-band/C-block). The information presented applies to both new and previously published data (Fig. 13; Mbata 2005, Warchałowska-Śliwa & Bugrov 2009, Grzywacz et al. 2015, Warchałowska-Śliwa et al. 2015). The examined males had from 29 to 17 chromosomes and one of two sex determination systems: the classical X0 as well as neo-XY. Males of four Hetrodini species belonging to two different subtribes (Enyaliopsina: Enyaliopsis bloyeti; Eugastrina: Eugaster —2 species and Eugasteroides loricatus) have a similar karyotype characterized by 2n = 29 and acrocentric chromosomes including the X chromosome, the largest element in the set. In Hetrodes pupus (Hetrodini), Enyaliopsis ephippiatus, Enyaliopsis spec. 2 Mpwapwa and Gymnoproctus (both Enyaliopsina) the complement is reduced to 2n = 27 (all chromosomes acrocentric) as well as in Cosmoderus (Enyaliopsina) and Acanthoplus (Acanthoplina) to 25 with one or two bi-armed pairs of autosomes and an acrocentric or bi-armed X chromosome. The lowest chromosome number, 2n = 17 was found in Spalacomimus magnus (Eugastrina) with five bi-armed autosomes. All the abovementioned taxa show X0 sex determination system. On the other hand, a neo-XY sex chromosome mechanism was also observed in two subtribes: in the genera Enyaliopsis [E. jennae (2n = 28) and E. carolinus (2n = 26)] and in Spalacomimus [S. talpa and S. verruciferus (2n = 24) with different morphology of the neo-sex chromosomes]. After C-banding, chromosome regions showed quantitative variation in constitutive heterochromatin blocks among species and genera. For detailed information see Specific part., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta & Hemp, Claudia, 2022, Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes, pp. 451-481 in Zootaxa 5120 (4) on pages 453-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6392707, {"references":["Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1878) Monographie der Phaneropteriden. Brockhaus, Wien, 401 pp.","Ebner, R. & Beier, M. (1964) Orthopterum Catalogus. Pars 1 - 2 (Editio nova emendata et amplificata): Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerinae, Pycnogastrinae, Bradyporinae, Deracanthinae, Hetrodinae, Acridoxeninae. Dr. W. Junk, s'Gravenhage. 101 pp.","Schmidt, G. H. (1998) Taxonomy of Anepisceptus Fieber, 1853, Eugasteroides Weidner, 1955, and Weidnerius gen. n. (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Hetrodidae). Revision of genera, species and subspecies with new descriptions. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 45, 135 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19980450205","Weidner, H. (1955) Die Hetrodinae (Orthoptera, Saltatoria). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 53, 109 - 172.","Karsch, F. (1887) Orthopterologische Beitrage II. Uber die Hetrodiden. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 31, 43 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18870310112","Glenn, G. S. Jr. (1991) A systematic revision of Enyaliopsis Karsch 1887 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Hetrodinae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 117, 67 - 102. http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 25078540","Conti, E. & Viglianisi, F. M. (2005) Ecology of the calling song of two Namibian armoured ground crickets, Acanthoplus longipes and Acanthoproctus diadematus (Orthoptera Tettigoniidae Hetrodinae). Ethology, Ecology & Evolution, 17, 261 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08927014.2005.9522596","Kowalski, K. & Lakes-Harlan, R. (2013) The acoustic communication system in six species of armoured ground crickets (Orthop- tera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodinae): commonalities and species-specific differences. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 252, 204 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2012.05.005","Naskrecki, P. & Guta, R. (2019) Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) of Gorongosa National Park and Central Mozambique. Zootaxa, 4682 (1), 001 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4682.1.1","Schmidt, G. H. (1990) A new species of Gymnoproctus Karsch 1887 (Grylloptera, Tettigoniidae, Hetrodinae) from Kenya, with some notes on its biology. Tropical Zoology, 3, 121 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.1990.10539456","Grzeschik, K. - H. (1969) On the systematics, biology and ethology of Eugaster Serville (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). Form and Function, 1, 46 - 144.","Kowalski, K. & Lakes-Harlan, R. (2010) Sounds, behaviour, and auditory receptors of the armoured ground cricket, Acanthoplus longipes. Journal of Insect Science, 10 (59), 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1673 / 031.010.5901","Gerstaecker, A. (1869). Beitrag zur Insekten - Fauna von Zanzibar. No. II. Orthoptera et Neuroptera. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (Zeitschrift fur systematische Zoologie), 35 (1), 201 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 12294","Hemp, C. & Heller, K. - G. (2019) Orthoptera (Tettigoniidae and Acridoidea) from Miombo woodlands of Central Tanzania with the description of new taxa. Zootaxa, 4671 (2), 151 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4671.2.1","Mbata, K. J. (2005) A contribution to the cytogenetics of the armoured ground cricket, Acanthoplus speiseri (Orthoptera: Tet- tigoniidae), a pest of grain crops in Zambia. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 25, 142 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / IJT 200558","Warchalowska-Sliwa, E. & Bugrov, A. (2009) Karyotype of the south african katydid Hetrodes pupus (Linnaeus 1758) (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) with special reference to relationship within the Hetrodinae subfamily. Zootaxa, 2137, 43 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2137.1.5","Grzywacz, B., Hemp, C., Heller, K. - G., Hemp, A., Chobanov, D. P. & Warchalowska-Sliwa, E. (2015) Cytogenetics and mo- lecular differentiation in the African armoured ground bushcrickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodinae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 259, 22 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2015.10.001","Warchalowska-Sliwa, E., Grzywacz, B., Maryanska-Nadachowska, A., Hemp, A. & Hemp, C. (2015) Different steps in the evolution of neo-sex chromosomes in two East African Spalacomimus species (Orthoptera, Hetrodinae). European Journal of Entomology, 112 (1), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.14411 / eje. 2015.024"]}
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50. Gymnoproctus sculpturatus Schmidt 1990
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Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, and Hemp, Claudia
- Subjects
Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Gymnoproctus ,Tettigoniidae ,Animalia ,Orthoptera ,Biodiversity ,Gymnoproctus sculpturatus ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Gymnoproctus sculpturatus Schmidt, 1990 References: Schmidt 1990, Schmidt & Mungai 1996 Bioacoustics. The calling song (Fig. 7E) is quite similar to that of G. rammei and consists of long series of syllables (song type B in Fig. 5; see Table 2). Genitalia. According to Schmidt & Mungai (1996), the genitalic sclerites are only weakly sclerotized and easy to find in old males only. The titillator is triangular, broad in its base, and continuously tapering to the tip., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta & Hemp, Claudia, 2022, Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes, pp. 451-481 in Zootaxa 5120 (4) on page 471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6392707, {"references":["Schmidt, G. H. (1990) A new species of Gymnoproctus Karsch 1887 (Grylloptera, Tettigoniidae, Hetrodinae) from Kenya, with some notes on its biology. Tropical Zoology, 3, 121 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.1990.10539456","Schmidt, G. H. & Mungai, M. (1996) Notes on the distribution, variability and sexual behaviour of Gymnoproctus sculpturatus G. H. Schmidt, 1990, in Kenya-Tanzania (Grylloptera: Tettigonioidea: Hetrodidae). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria ' Filippo Silvestri', Portici, 51, 19 - 28."]}
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- 2022
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