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Larnaca (Larnaca) lincangensis (Yang, Jing & Bian, 2020) comb. nov. (ÑffldzDzȃ) Figures.8–10 http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName: 496382 Eremus lincangensis: Yang, Jing & Bian, 2020. Zootaxa, 4895(1): 149. Type specimen: male; holotype; Type locality: Nangunhe National Nature Reserve, Wengding Village, Mengjiao Town, Cangyuan Country, Lincang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China; Location of type specimen: Institute of Entomoceutics Research, Dali University, China. Material examined. 1♁ 1♀, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong County, Jinuo Mountain, VIII-2022, coll. Haocheng Dong & Le Liang; ♁, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Menghai County, Bulang Mountain, VIII-2021, coll. Haoran Gao. Description. Small species. Head as wide as pronotum (Fig. 8D; Fig. 9B). Fastigium verticis about 1.6 times as wide as scape; scape as long as eye; ocelli indistinct (Fig. 8A; Fig. 9A). Anterior margin of pronotum slightly convex in the middle, posterior margin slightly concaves in the middle (Fig. 8D; Fig. 9B); lateral lobes longer than deep (Fig. 8B; Fig. 9D). Second and third abdominal tergites each with two rows of stridulatory pegs (3–4,9–12,4– 6,11–13) (Fig. 8C; Fig. 9C). Tegmen reduced to minute pads not reaching hind margin of corresponding notum; hind wing with only traces of wing rudiments on pterothoracic tergites. Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin (Fig. 8B; Fig. 9D). Fore and mid femora unarmed. Fore tibiae ventrally with 4 pairs of internal spines and one pair of smaller spurs; mid tibiae with 4 pairs of internal spines and one pair of smaller spurs, dorsally with an internal apical spur. Hind femora ventrally with 6–11 external and 6–12 internal spinules; hind tibiae dorsally with 6–7 external and 7 internal spines, ventrally with a preapical spine and 2 apical spurs on both sides. External margins of hind femora with a long furrow (Fig. 8E; Fig. 9E); stridulatory denticles on the inner side of hind femora indistinct. Male. Eighth abdominal tergite prolonged (Fig. 8G). Ninth abdominal tergite curved downwards, furrowed along midline into 2 lobes; apical area prolonged into a spiniform process which greatly crossed at midline and pointing inside; apices granular and truncated (Fig. 8F). Cerci slender and incurved (Fig. 8F). Subgenital plate broader than long; anterior margin straight; one-third of apical section gradually narrowing; posterior margin with an obviously V-shaped median incision; styli straight, inserted in posterior area of lateral margins of subgenital plate (Fig. 8H). Female. Seventh abdominal sternite forming a pair of semi-circular lobes pointing towards the midline; between them with a wide U-shaped groove in the middle. Subgenital plate transverse, very short especially in the middle, pressed against seventh sternite with basal margin concave, giving room for the extension of seventh sternite (Fig. 9F). Ovipositor falcate, curved upward strongly; dorsal margin and ventral margin smooth, gradually approaching towards apex (Fig. 9G). Measurements (mm). Body (from head to tip of abdomen): 16.8–21.8; pronotum: 4.0–4.9; tegmen: 0.8–1.1; fore femur: 5.6–7.2; median femur: 5.5–6.8; hind femur: 9.8–12.5; fore tibia: 6.3–7.6; median tibia: 5.9–7.8; hind tibia: 9.3–12.5; ovipositor: 8.5. Coloration. General color yellowish brown, forehead part above the lower edge of antennal scrobus concolor with the rest body while the lower part black, clypeus white, lower part of labrum brown, mandibles black; dorsal spines on hind tibia black with black basal area, genicular area of hind tibia and femora black, the basal area of hind tarsus also black. Notes. Ingrisch (2018) reviewed the species of Eremus. He suggested that Eremus decolyi Bolívar, 1900 should be placed to another genus like Capnogryllacris, based on the pair of oval swellings on the male ninth abdominal tergite which extended medio-apically into long stout spines crossing each other. L. (L.) lincangensis had similar characteristics with E. decolyi. Male’s ninth abdominal tergite of the specimen globular with medial furrow, before posterior-ventral margin swollen on both sides of midline. In addition, ovipositor falcate, most strongly upcurved in subbasal area, margins gradually approaching towards apex. These characteristics are more consistent with the genus Larnaca Walker, 1869 than Eremus. L. lincangensis is similar to L. infolda: some specimens have similar pronotum pattern, ninth abdominal tergite with no globular lobes, and wings are much smaller than other species. But they can still easily be distinguished by: L. lincangensis has much smaller elytra than L. infolda; the terminal lobes of subgenital plate of L. lincangensis are much sharper than L. infolda. Distribution. China (Yunnan).

Eremus rugosifrons Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 (MÞẾDzȃ) Figure. 1 http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName: 21311 Eremus rugosifrons: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 38: 376; Kirby, 1906. A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera Saltatoria, Locustidae vel Acridiidae), 2: 150; Liu & Jin, 1994. Contributions from the Shanghai Institute of Entomology, 11(1): 100; Jin & Xia, 1994. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 3: 17; Ingrisch, 2018. Zootaxa, 4510(1): 178; Cadena-Castañeda, 2019. Zootaxa, 4605(1): 85; Bian, Liu & Yang, 2021. Zootaxa, 4969(2): 208. Neanias (Neanias) rugosifrons: Griffini, 1914d. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 33: 242. Neanias rugosifrons: Griffini, 1914b. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 38: 84. Gryllacris (Eremus) rugosifrons: Karny, 1929a. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 43: 134. Eremus rugosifrons rugosifrons: Karny, 1937. Genera Insectorum, 206: 100. Type specimen: male; holotype; Type locality: China; Location of type specimen: Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria. Material examined. Holotype, ♁, China, coll. Brunner von Wattenwyl, leg. Boucard (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien). Notes. Eremus rugosifrons, the type species of Eremus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888. It bears characteristics that most species of Eremus contain: face rugose; head rather wide, fastigium vertics more than twice as wide as scapus (Fig. 1D); wings absent; the male’s ninth abdominal tergite smooth, and the apical margin bearing a pair of short spines (Fig. 1E). Karny (1929a) described the female morphology of this species by two female specimens: one from Sikkim, the other without locality label. Ingrisch (2018) mentioned that these specimens may not be Eremus rugosifrons, since the localities were rather imprecise. The two female specimens are not regarded as E. rugosifrons in this study. Distribution. Only known distributed from China., Published as part of Yin, Zi-Xu & Shen, Si-Zhong, 2023, Notes on the taxonomy revision of poorly known of tribe Eremini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 from China (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae: Gryllacridinae), pp. 140-154 in Zootaxa 5271 (1) on pages 141-142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7864415, {"references":["Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1888) Monographie der Stenopelmatiden und Gryllacriden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 38, 247 - 394, pls. 5 - 9.","Liu, X. W. & Jin, X. B. (1994) List of Chinese Stenopelmatoidea and Tettigonioidea (Grylloptera). Contributions from the Shanghai Institute of Entomology, 11 (1), 99 - 118.","Jin, X. B. & Xia, K. L. (1994) An index-catalogue of Chinese Tettigoniodea (Orthopteroidea: Grylloptera). Journal of Orthoptera Research, 3, 15 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3503405","Ingrisch, S. (2018) New taxa and records of Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera, Stenopelmatoidea) from South East Asia and New Guinea with a key to the genera. Zootaxa, 4510 (1), 1 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4510.1.1","Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. (2019) A proposal towards classification of the Raspy Crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Gryllacrididae) with zoogeographical comments: An initial contribution to the higher classification of the Gryllacridines. Zootaxa, 4605 (1), 1 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4605.1.1","Bian, X., Liu, J. & Yang, Z. Z. (2021) Anotated Checklist of Chinese Ensifera: The Gryllacrididae. Zootaxa, 4969 (2), 224 - 227. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4969.2.1","Griffini, A. (1914 d) Le specie orientali del gen. Neanias Brunner. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 33, 235 - 251.","Griffini, A. (1914 b) I Grillacridi del Tonkino. Studio monografico. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 38, 79 - 108.","Karny, H. H. (1929 a) Revision der Gryllacriden des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien einschlieBlich der Collection Brunner v. Wattenwyl. 1. Halfte. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 43, 35 - 186.","Karny, H. H. (1937) Orthoptera Fam. Gryllacrididae Subfamiliae omnes. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. Vol. 206. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles, pp. 1 - 317, pls. 1 - 7."]}

Gryllacris (Pardogryllacris) deminuta (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888) comb. nov. (ṪṄDzȃ) Figure. 7 http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName: 20607 Gryllacris deminuta: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 38: 338; Griffini, 1909d. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, 20(6): 190; Griffini, 1914b. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 38: 106; Karny, 1928e. Entomologische Mitteilungen, Berlin-Dahlem, 17(3): 208. Haplogryllacris deminuta: Karny, 1937. Genera Insectorum, 206: 99; Liu & Xia, 1994. Contributions from the Shanghai Institute of Entomology, 11(1): 100; Jin & Xia, 1994. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 3: 17; Hollier & Maehr, 2012. Revue Suisse de Zool, 119(1): 40; Cadena-Castañeda, 2019. Zootaxa, 4605(1): 85. Type specimen: female; holotype; Type locality: China; Location of type specimen: Natural History Museum of Geneva, Switzerland. Material examined. Holotype, ♀, China (Muséum d’histoire naturelle Genève). Notes. Pardogryllacris was established as a genus by Karny in 1937, and treated as a subgenus of Gryllacris by Ingrisch in 2018, containing 6 species and 2 subspecies distributed in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka. After checking the holotype of this species, we discovered the characteristics of this specimen that consist with Pardogryllacris: fastigium verticis as wide as scapus (Fig. 7B); cross-veins of forewings dark in color (Fig. 7A); the subgenital plate wide at base area, while posterior area narrows greatly and is concave upwards in semi-cylindrical shape with truncate terminus (Fig. 7C); a narrow elongate flap emerges at the middle part of the subgenital plate, concave upwards towards the posterior area (Fig. 7D). These factors strongly indicate that this species belongs to Gryllacris (Pardogryllacris), instead of Haplogryllacris. Distribution. Only known distributed from China., Published as part of Yin, Zi-Xu & Shen, Si-Zhong, 2023, Notes on the taxonomy revision of poorly known of tribe Eremini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 from China (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae: Gryllacridinae), pp. 140-154 in Zootaxa 5271 (1) on pages 147-148, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7864415, {"references":["Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1888) Monographie der Stenopelmatiden und Gryllacriden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 38, 247 - 394, pls. 5 - 9.","Griffini, A. (1909 d) Revisione dei tipi di alcune Grillacris descritti da Brunner appartenenti al Museodi Storia Naturale die Ginevra. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, 20 (6), 186 - 192.","Griffini, A. (1914 b) I Grillacridi del Tonkino. Studio monografico. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 38, 79 - 108.","Karny, H. H. (1928 e) Vorlaufige Mitteilung uber die wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse meines Europa-Urlaubes. Entomologische Mitteilungen, Berlin-Dahlem, 17 (3), 203 - 225.","Karny, H. H. (1937) Orthoptera Fam. Gryllacrididae Subfamiliae omnes. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. Vol. 206. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles, pp. 1 - 317, pls. 1 - 7.","Liu, X. W. & Jin, X. B. (1994) List of Chinese Stenopelmatoidea and Tettigonioidea (Grylloptera). Contributions from the Shanghai Institute of Entomology, 11 (1), 99 - 118.","Jin, X. B. & Xia, K. L. (1994) An index-catalogue of Chinese Tettigoniodea (Orthopteroidea: Grylloptera). Journal of Orthoptera Research, 3, 15 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3503405","Hollier, J. & Maehr, M. D. (2012) An annotated catalogue of the type material of Orthoptera (Insecta) described by Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl deposited in the Museum d'histoire naturelle in Geneva. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 119 (1), 27 - 75.","Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. (2019) A proposal towards classification of the Raspy Crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Gryllacrididae) with zoogeographical comments: An initial contribution to the higher classification of the Gryllacridines. Zootaxa, 4605 (1), 1 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4605.1.1"]}

Haplogryllacris bilobulata Ingrish, 2018 (ÃĘṜDzȃ), new record from China Figures. 2–6 http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName: 504695 Haplogryllacris bilobulata: Ingrisch, 2018. Zootaxa, 4510(1): 192; Cadena-Castañeda, 2019. Zootaxa, 4605(1): 85. Type specimen: female; holotype; Type locality: Tak, Ban Mae Salit, Monkrating, Thailand; Location of type specimen: Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Germany. Material examined. 2♁ 1♀, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong County, VII-2021, coll. local villager. Description. Large species. Head wider than pronotum (Fig. 2D; Fig. 3D). Face ovoid, rather wide, robust, and rough (Fig. 2A; Fig. 3A); subocular furrows distinct, intercept with clypeo-frontal suture (Fig. 2A; Fig. 3A); fastigium verticis 2.5 times as wide as scapus, contains a furrow-like, “v” shaped structure that originates from both upper-inner side of scapus and meet at the midline (Fig. 2A; Fig. 3A); scape about 1.2 times as long as eye; three ocelli distinct when alive (Fig. 5 ABD), median ocellus larger than lateral ocelli (Fig. 2A; Fig. 3 AB); fastigium frontis contains wave-like lateral margins (Fig. 2A; Fig. 3A). Anterior and posterior margin of pronotum nearly straight (Fig. 2D; Fig. 3D); lateral lobes longer than deep, ventral margin straight (Fig. 2B; Fig. 3B). Tegmen surpassing hind knees. Veins of tegmen as in Fig. 4. Second and third abdominal tergites each with two rows of stridulatory pegs (6–7,13–14,10–11,14–19) (Fig. 2C; Fig. 3C). Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin (Fig. 2B; Fig. 3B). Fore and mid femora unarmed. Fore tibiae ventrally with 4 pairs of internal spines and one pair of smaller spurs; mid tibiae with 4 pairs of internal spines and one pair of smaller spurs, dorsally with an internal apical spur. Hind femora ventrally with 4–6 external and 3–5 internal spinules; hind tibiae dorsally with 6–7 external and 6–8 internal spines, ventrally with a preapical spine and 2 apical spurs on both sides. External margins of hind femora with a long furrow (Fig. 2F; Fig. 3F); internal margins of hind femora with a row of stridulatory denticles (Fig. 2E; Fig. 3E). Male. Eighth abdominal tergite distinctly prolonged; ninth abdominal tergite globular and smooth (Fig. 2H), at hind margin with a pair of short black spines greatly separated from each other (Fig. 2G). Cerci stout. Subgenital plate three times wider than long; apical margin slightly convex; short styli inserted apico-laterally (Fig. 2G). Female. Seventh abdominal sternite about square shaped, subapical area narrowest; apical area widening laterally with lobe-like structure; posterior margin downcurved; the overall tissue distinct greatly based on the midline; posterior half hairy and anterior part smooth (Fig. 3G). Subgenital plate overall square in shape (Fig. 3G); sharply decurved on posterior margin (Fig. 3H). Ovipositor elongate, slightly upcurved (Fig. 3H). Measurements (mm). Body from head to tip of abdomen: 31.4–36.2; body with wings: 44.7–50.1; pronotum: 7.0–8.0; tegmen: 33.8–34.6; fore femur: 10.0–11.6; median femur: 9.6–11.2; hind femur: 16.5–19.5; fore tibia: 10.8–12.5; median tibia: 10.9–12.4; hind tibia: 16.7–19.5; ovipositor: 19.3. Coloration. General color brownish red; facial color slightly darker, ocelli whiteish yellow, clypeo-frontal structure black, clypeus reddish-brown in base area with white margin, labrum reddish-brown, mandible black; pronotum overall concolor, darker in posterior margin; tegmen hemi-transparent, veins brownish and cross veins darker in color, hind wing semi-transparent, veins and cross veins brownish; spines and spinules on hind legs black; teeth on male’s ninth abdominal tergite black; ovipositor brownish-red. Habitus. H.bilobulata is univoltine, reaching adulthood in around November to May according to field observation and raising in captivity. Adults that reach adulthood the same year as they were born usually have a smaller number of instars and smaller body size. Eggs develop and undergo a hatching period about 40 days before hatchlings emerge. Individuals in early instars conceal themselves in the shelter made of silk and shield themselves during daytime, and gradually shift to shelters excavated from rotten wood as they develop into later instars. In captivity their shelters usually contain two entrances, the individuals face outwards within the shelter, blocking one of the entrances with their head and mandibles (Fig. 5E). They cover the other one with chewed wood chips, probably serving as an emergency exit (Fig. 5F). Similar behavior has also been observed in the field from other species of this genus on iNaturalist website (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/116533587). Nymphs molt once each three to four weeks by hanging upside-down posture outside their shelters. Larger nymphs and adults demonstrate threat behavior when facing threats. This consists of parts of the labrum retracted underneath clypeus, displaying the jagged mandibles. During copulation, male H. bilobulata produce a white spermatophylax while grasping upon the female's ovipositor. Females consume the spermatophylax soon after copulation. Female adults were observed drilling radial holes in wet phenolic floral foams within which eggs were laid. Notes. For H. bilobulata described by Ingrish (2018), the number of external spines on hind femora is 6–7, and the hind edge of subgenital plate of female specimen is in arch-shape; in our observation, the number of external spines on hind femora is 4–5 while the hind edge of subgenital plate is nearly truncate with a sharp but shallow decurved. We still place our specimens in this species based on other similarities, but further research is needed to understand specimens from the type locality. Distribution. Thailand (Tak); China (Yunnan)., Published as part of Yin, Zi-Xu & Shen, Si-Zhong, 2023, Notes on the taxonomy revision of poorly known of tribe Eremini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 from China (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae: Gryllacridinae), pp. 140-154 in Zootaxa 5271 (1) on pages 142-143, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7864415, {"references":["Ingrisch, S. (2018) New taxa and records of Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera, Stenopelmatoidea) from South East Asia and New Guinea with a key to the genera. Zootaxa, 4510 (1), 1 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4510.1.1","Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. (2019) A proposal towards classification of the Raspy Crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Gryllacrididae) with zoogeographical comments: An initial contribution to the higher classification of the Gryllacridines. Zootaxa, 4605 (1), 1 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4605.1.1"]}

Key to known species of Larnaca from China 1 Tegmina micropterous................................................................................. 2 - Tegmina mesopterous.................................................................................. 3 2 Body general blackish brown; posterior margin of male subgenital plate with a V-shaped notch................................................................................ Larnaca (Larnaca) emarginata Bian, Guo & Shi, 2015 - Body yellowish brown; posterior margin of male subgenital plate almost straight................................................................................................. Larnaca (Larnaca) infolda Du, Bian & Shi, 2017 3 Veins black and cells transparent on tegmina, external margin of hind femora with a long furrow....................................................................................... Larnaca (Larnaca) walle Yin & Meng, 2021 - Tegmina broadly orange, external margin of hind femora smooth............... Larnaca (Larnaca) lieyongzhou sp. nov.

Subgenus Larnaca Walker, 1869 Types species: Larnaca fasciata Walker, 1869, Published as part of Shen, Si-Zhong & Yin, Zi-Xu, 2022, A new species of the genus Larnaca from Guangxi, China (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae: Gryllacridinae), pp. 181-187 in Zootaxa 5174 (2) on page 182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5174.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6986106, {"references":["Walker, F. (1869) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 224 pp."]}

Larnaca (Larnaca) lieyongzhou sp. nov. (永周Ễfiễ) (Figs. 1-4) Holotype. ♀, China, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Qinzhou City, Qinbei District, Dazhi Town, Wanggang Mountain (21°57′55″N, 108°16′18″E), 2-VII-2021, coll. local villager. Paratypes. ♂, same data as in holotype. 3♂, same location as in holotype, 20-VI-2022, coll. local villager. Description. Small species. Fastigium of vertex about 1.8 times as broad as scape; scape about 0.7 times as long as eye; pedicel as long as scape (Fig. 1 AB, 2A). Eyes ovoid; ocellus distinct (Fig. 1A, 2A). Anterior margin of pronotum convex in the middle, posterior margin slightly curved; lateral lobes longer than deep, ventral margin slightly incurved (Fig. 1 BC, 2BCDE). Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin (Fig. 2H); fore and mid femora unarmed (Fig. 2 HIJK); fore and mid tibiae dorsally unarmed (Fig. 2 HIJK); fore tibiae ventrally with 4 pairs of internal spines and one pair of smaller spurs (Fig. 2 HI); mid tibiae ventrally with 4 pairs of spines and one pair of smaller spurs (Fig. 2 JK); hind femora ventrally with 9–10 internal spinules and 9–11 external spinules (Fig. 2 LM); hind tibiae dorsally with 6 internal spinules, 5–6 external spinules and one pair of apical spurs, ventrally with one preapical spine and 2 apical spurs (Fig. 2 LM). Tegmina reaching posterior margin of ninth abdominal tergite; hind wings as long as tegmina (Fig. 1E, 2G, 3 ABC). C, Sc and R veins undivided, free throughout; M with a single branch that forks at basal third into two veins, MA and MP; CuA and CuP undivided, free throughout; with five Anal veins (Fig. 1E, 2G). Female. Seventh abdominal sternite broad, surface in middle of basal area with a pair of greatly projected lateral lobes, pointing to the posterior of the body, between them with a rather wide V-shaped groove (Fig. 1D). Subgenital plate transverse, rather short especially in middle and forming a bilobular structure, pressed against seventh sternite with basal margin concave. Ovipositor curved upward strongly, dorsal margin and ventral margin smooth, apex acute (Fig. 1F). Male. Eighth abdominal tergite rather prolonged; ninth abdominal tergite curved downwards, furrowed along midline into 2 lobes, apical area prolonged into a long spiniform process with finely granular surface which greatly crossed at midline and pointing inside (Fig. 2F). Subgenital plate broader than long, anterior margin straight, posterior margin bi-globular with an obviously V-shaped median incision; styli conical and curved inwards, inserted in posterior area of lateral margin of subgenital plate (Fig. 2F). Coloration. Upper and front side of head generally black, transit to red around side-hind margin area when alive; ocellus yellowish orange; middle part of face red when alive; mandibles black. Pronotum generally black, with four pairs of whiteish triangular-shaped dots; two larger and wider pair close to frontal, one pair around middle area, and largest pair close to lateral margin (male specimen 2 #); the size, shape, and color of dots are not stable, vary greatly among individuals. For tegmen, a black dot presents around basal area of C and M veins, brownish yellow for most of the middle part, terminus transparent, veins at terminal area black. All upper sides of femora concolorous with abdominal side of thorax, bottom sides orange with black joints; fore and mid tibiae black, while hind tibiae white with black spines; all tarsus black. Ovipositor orange-brown. Measurements (mm). Body (from head to tip of abdomen): 21.26–22.75; pronotum: 5.62–6.23; tegmen: 15.14–16.69; hind wing: 16.46–16.71; fore femora: 7.93–8.10; median femur: 6.85–7.07; hind femur: 11.97–12.09; fore tibiae: 8.76–8.96; median tibiae: 8.02–8.49; hind tibiae: 12.29–13.15; ovipositor: 10.33. Notes. This species is similar to Larnaca (Larnaca) tenuis Ingrish, 2018. However, L. lieyongzhou sp. nov. can be distinguished by the following characteristics: the lobes on female 7 th abdominal sternite is much longer and more projected, and the cavity between them is shallower and more V-shaped, while for L. tenuis the cavity is deeper and U-shaped. In addition, the size, shape, and color of dots vary greatly among individuals, and such difference may not be regarded as the characteristic of different species in the genus Larnaca. Etymology. This species is named after the Chinese name of Kaiou Retsu, a main character from the famous manga series Baki. As a warrior who obtains not only outstanding battling technique but also nice and just personality, Kaiou Retsu is widely revered by readers. Distribution. Guangxi, China. Known only from the type locality. (Fig. 4), Published as part of Shen, Si-Zhong & Yin, Zi-Xu, 2022, A new species of the genus Larnaca from Guangxi, China (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae: Gryllacridinae), pp. 181-187 in Zootaxa 5174 (2) on pages 182-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5174.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6986106

Eugryllacris cf. vaginalis Pictet & Saussure, 1893 (OiÄffi⁂) Material examined: 1♂ 1♀, China, Yunnan Province, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yingjiang County, Nongzhang Town. (24°34’5”N, 98°1’9”E, Alt. 890), 2-VI-2020, coll. Guichang Liu. Description. Large species. Fastigium verticis about 2.5-3 times wider than scape; pedicel and first segment of flagellum combined about half length of eyes (Fig. 3C; Fig. 4 AB; Fig. 7 BE). Eyes elongate and oval, protruding outwards; ocelli indistinct (Fig. 4A). Face smooth; subocular furrows distinct, separate into two branches at their middle part and furrow into clypeo-frontal suture; anterior margin of pronotum projecting in the middle, posterior margin nearly straight; lateral lobes longer than deep, ventral margin straight (Fig. 4A). Tegmen surpass hind knees (Fig. 7 BE). R releases RS at basal third, both branches forked near tip; MA fused with R in basal area; MP absent; CuA with a single branch that forks at basal third into two veins, CuA1 and CuA2; CuP undivided, free throughout; with five Anal veins (Fig. 4D; Fig. 7 BE). Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore tibiae ventrally with 5 pairs of large spines; mid tibiae ventrally with 5 pairs of spines, dorsally with an internal apical spur; hind femora ventrally with 5-7 external and 4 internal spinules; hind tibiae dorsally with 5-7 external and 5-6 internal spines and a pair of apical spurs, ventrally with 2 preapical spines and an apical spur on both sides. Male. Ninth abdominal tergite downcurved in apical area, descending in posterior area and split into two hemiglobular regions; two slightly coarse granular oval contact at the splitting midline. Terminal of each split contains a rod-like projection which concave up towards mediad without overlapping. Subgenital plate about twice as wide as long, lateral margin slightly converging. Posterior margin with a medial obtuse-trangularly concave. Styli insert laterally at posterior margin (Fig. 4E). Female. Seventh abdominal sternite of normal size, medial posterior margin nearly straight (Fig. 4F). Subgenital plate in basal area rather wide, gradually narrows with a triangular concave at margin and broad obtuse tip (Fig. 4F). Ovipositor long and upcurved, reach to hind tarsus when stretched (Fig. 4G). Coloration. General color green when alive; disc of pronotum unicolored. Face overall unicolored, green when alive; base area of mandible light purple when alive, transits into black in inner and tip area; clypeo-frontal suture yellowish pink; tegmen semi-transparent with green veins; hind wing semi-transparent with green or brown veins and veinlets; cells with large dark brown spots; abdomen light green; legs of general color, fore and mid tibia spines yellow with white tips; hind femora spines black; hind tibia spines yellowish green with black tips; all tarsus orangish yellow when alive. Measurements (mm). Body (from head to tip of abdomen): 31.0–40.9; pronotum: 8.3–9.0; tegmen: 39.0–39.1; fore femur: 12.2–13.2; median femur: 11.1–12.1; hind femur: 19.8–21.1; fore tibia: 13.5–13.7; median tibia: 12.6– 12.8; hind tibia: 20.8–21.3; ovipositor: 31.2. Natural history. E. cf. vaginalis is univoltine. Hatchlings emerge in around August to October and reach adulthood in around May to July the next year. Female adults were observed to lay eggs into wet napkin rolls in lab (Fig. 10D; Fig. 11E). Eggs undergo a hatching period about two months before hatchlings emerge. Larger nymphs and adults show threat behavior when facing stimulus, with parts of the labrum hides under clypeus showing the jagged mandibles (Fig. 3D). Notes. The pair of rod-like projections and shallow furrow on terminal of male 9 th abdominal tergite, and the shallow concave on hind margin of female 7 th abdominal sternite is unique in the genus except E. tiga sp. nov. from China. However, overall body size of E. cf. vaginalis is much larger than E. tiga, and E. tiga has distinct black dots on legs and pronotum which E. cf. vaginalis does not. The two species is placed to genus Eugryllacris, by the rather wide and short appearance of head and pronotum, and the color pattern of the hind wings which has dark cell centers and light bands along the cross veins. These characters only agree with genera Eugryllacris and Ocellarnaca Gorochov, 2004, while in other genera hind wings with dark bands run along the cross veins and the cell centers are of light color (Ingrisch 2018). The shape of male and female abdominal apex of the two species shows their difference with other species of the genus. Far more molecular analyses need to be done to make their relationships more clearly. Distribution. Nagaland, India; Yunnan, China.

Eugryllacris tiga sp. nov. (迪AEÄffi⁂) Holotype: ♀, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Gasa County, Dahei Mountain, (21°53’10”N, 100°41’15”E, Alt. 1580), 7-IV-2021, coll. Ce Hui. Paratype: 2♂ 2♀, same data as in holotype. 2♂, China, Yunnan Province, Puer City, Folian Mountain, (22°46’40”N, 101°0’10”E, Alt. 1410), 15-VI-2018, coll. Haoran Gao. Description. Medium-large species. Fastigium verticis about 2.5 times wider than scapus (Fig. 1A; Fig. 7 AD). Scapus elongate, shorter than the length of eyes; pedicel and first segment of flagellum combined as long as eyes (Fig. 1A). Eyes elongate and oval, protruding outwards; ocelli indistinct (Fig. 1A). Face smooth; subocular furrows distinct; clypeo-frontal structure contains two distinct black dots, one at each side (Fig. 1A). Anterior margin of pronotum projecting in the middle, posterior margin nearly straight; lateral lobes as long as deep, ventral margin straight (Fig. 1 AB; Fig. 7 AD). Tegmen surpassing hind knees (Fig. 7 AD). R releases RS in mid-length of tegmen, RS forked into three branches near tip; MA fused with R in basal third; MP absent; CuA with a single branch that forks between basal third and mid-length into two veins, CuA1 and CuA2; CuP undivided, free throughout; with five Anal veins (Fig. 1D; Fig. 7 AD). Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore tibiae ventrally with 5 pairs of large spines, basal area of internal spines each with a black dot; mid tibiae ventrally with 5 pairs of spines, dorsally with an internal apical spur, basal area of external spines each with a black dot but lighter than those of fore tibiae; hind femora ventrally with 3-7 external and 3-6 internal spinules; hind tibiae dorsally with 5-6 external and 5-7 internal spines and a pair of apical spurs, ventrally with 2 preapical spines and an apical spur on both sides. Female. Seventh abdominal sternite of normal size, posterior margin with a slight concave (Fig. 1F). Subgenital plate in basal area rather wide, gradually narrows with shallow triangular concave at margin and broad obtuse tip (Fig. 1F). Ovipositor long and slightly upcurved, reach to hind tarsus when stretched (Fig. 1G). Male. Ninth abdominal tergite downcurved in apical area, descending in posterior area and split into two hemiglobular regions; two black coarse granular oval contact at the splitting midline. Terminal of each split region contains a rod-like projection which concaves up towards mediad without overlapping. Subgenital plate about twice as wide as long, lateral margin slightly converging. Posterior margin with a medial obtuse-trangularly concave. Styli insert laterally at posterior margin. (Fig. 1E) Coloration. General color green when alive. Face overall unicolored, green when alive; base area of mandible pink and transits into black in inner and tip area when alive; clypeo-frontal suture white, contains a distinct black dot. Disc of pronotum green when alive, with two distinct black dots on each side. Tegmen semi-transparent with green veins when alive; cells at basal area dark brown; hind wings semi-transparent with brown veins and veinlets, cells with large dark brown maculae. Legs of general color; fore and mid tibia spines yellow; fore tibia internal spines and mid tibia external spines with distinct black dots at basal area; hind femora spines black; hind tibia spines yellowish green with black tips; all tarsus orangish yellow. Abdomen yellowish green. Ovipositor brown when alive. Measurements (mm). Body (from head to tip of abdomen): 26.6–35.3; pronotum: 6.5–7.0; tegmen: 29.1–31.5; fore femur: 8.9–10.3; median femur: 9.1–10.0; hind femur: 16.1–16.9; fore tibia: 10.8–11.0; median tibia: 10.7–11.0; hind tibia: 15.6–16.7; ovipositor: 22.5. Natural history. E. tiga is univoltine. Hatchlings emerge generally around July to September and reach adulthood in around April to June the next year. Female adults were observed to lay eggs into wet rotten wood in lab (Fig. 10B). Eggs undergo a hatching period about 50 days before hatchlings emerge (Fig. 11C). Larger nymphs and adults show threat behavior when facing stimulus, with parts of the labrum hides under clypeus showing the jagged mandibles (Fig. 2 BD). Notes. E. tiga is unique, can be recognized by the distinct black dots on legs and pronotum. This species is also characterized by the pair of rod-like projections on terminal of male 9 th abdominal tergite and a concave on female 7 th abdominal sternite. Etymology. This species is named after Ultraman Tiga, a character in the famous tokusatsu television series Ultraman. Species from genus Eugryllacris are always referred to as “Ultraman katydid” among katydid enthusiasts in China. They get this nickname because of their representative yellowish or reddish eyes. According to the Ultraman series, Tiga is the mysterious giant that wakes up from his petrified body and protects human beings. 2021 is the 25 th anniversary of Tiga debuting, so we name this new species as Tiga in memory of the widely welcomed TV series Ultraman Tiga. Distribution. Yunnan, China. Known only from the type locality., Published as part of Yin, Zi-Xu & Shen, Si-Zhong, 2021, New and little-known Eugryllacris from Yunnan, China (Orthoptera Gryllacrididae: Gryllacridinae), pp. 541-554 in Zootaxa 5026 (4) on pages 542-545, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5026.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5300687