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Objective: To observe the clinical effects of single balloon bilateral alternating on expansion after kyphoplasty on the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures for elderly patients. Methods: 60 elderly patients with senile osteoporosis osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures who were treated in our hospital from July 2014 to May 2015 were selected and according to the degrees of vertebral collapse, the patients were divided into the severe fracture group and the slight fracture group, with 30 cases in each group. The patients in the two groups were treated with the double balloon dilatation of the single balloon, and the effect of the treatment and the changes of the vertebral body were observed and compared. Results: Compared with the slight fracture group, the operation time in the severe fracture group was longer, the bone cement was less and the rates of vertebral height restoration and the middle part of the vertebral body height recovery and the Cobb angle correction were higher (P<0.05). After the operation, the VAS score of the two groups were better than before (P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with before, the anterior height of vertebral body, vertebral middle height and Cobb angle of patients in the two groups improved after the operation (P<0.05), and the anterior height of vertebral body and the middle part of the vertebral body height in the slight fracture group were better than those of the severe fracture group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference about the Cobb angle between the two groups after the operation (P>0.05). Conclusion: The bilateral alternating expansion of the single spherical sac has better clinical effect on the treatment of senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures for elderly patients, which can obviously correct the vertebral collapse and Cobb angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]