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Background The use of agroindustrial by-products in ruminant nutrition to be an interesting alternative in order to reduce production costs and environmental impacts arising from the inadequate destination of residues. The initial step of beer production yields a large volume of wet brewer’s grains all year around, which is available at a low cost and has a high nutritional quality, and hence a big potential for animal production. Methods Twenty-four Suffolk non-castrated male lambs, from simple parturition were kept in individual spots and allocated to four treatments constituted by four levels of substitution of sorghum silage by WBG (i.e.0; 33.5; 66.5 and 100% of substitution). It was used roughage: concentrate rate of 50:50, based on dry matter. Results The ether extract intake increased while the acid detergent fiber intake decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.05). Substituion of sorghum silage by WBG did not change lambs’ feed DMI, daily weight gain and feed conversion. Conclusion The substitution of sorghum silage by WBG as roughage showed to be a viable alternative from the productive and economic point of view for finishing of feedlot lambs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity and health of fattening lambs fed different levels of coffee pulp in their diets. Thirty-five crossbred lambs with an average weight of 21.8 kg were fed isoproteic and isoenergetic diets with different percentages of coffee pulp (T0: control; T1: 7%; T2: 14%, T3: 21% and T4: 28%), the base diet was formulated with corn, soybean meal, alfalfa stubble, molasses, urea and mineral salt. The fattening period was 98 days. Productivity was measured by weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion. At the beginning and end of the study, blood samples were taken to determine the health status using a biochemical profile and blood count. Analysis of variance was performed using the initial weight as the covariate for the productive variables and the initial values of the analytes in the blood chemistry and hematological analysis tests. The coffee pulp did not affect productivity, although the amount of neutrophils decreased (P

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three levels of cull pinto beans (CPB) on animal performance, energy balance, and digestibility of hair ewes during pregnancy-lactation. One hundred and sixty-eight Pelibuey ewes were used (105 multiparous and 63 primiparous). Seven ewes of each type were randomly assigned to each of the 24 pens. Then, the twenty-four pens were randomly assigned to one of three treatments. Treatments were assigned on DM basis at: 0 g kg−1 of CPB in the supplement; 250 g kg−1 of CPB in the supplement; and 500 g kg−1 of CPB in the supplement. Data was analyzed by using the PROC MIXED of SAS. Lamb birth and weaning weight were also evaluated with the GLM procedure of SAS. All variables were analyzed as a completely randomized design. No differences among treatments were observed for body weight, body condition score, non-esterified fatty acids, and body weaning weight. During late pregnancy, dry matter intake was different among treatments, but it was similar during lactation. Body birth weight was different among treatments and showed a quadratic effect. At day 30 of lactation, a treatment effect was found for digestibility of dry matter (DM). At the end of lactation, digestibility of crude protein was different among treatments. In day 60 of lactation, differences among treatments were found for digestibility of neutral detergent fiber. Due to equal ewe performance among treatments of CPB and its low cost, its use is recommended in hair ewe feeding for these productive stages: 500 g kg−1 DM of the supplement during pregnancy and 400 g kg−1 DM during lactation.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of cull pinto beans (CPB) (Phaseolus vulgaris) on performance of feedlot lambs. Seventy-two crossbred hair-breed lambs (Dorper × Pelibuey and Kathadin × Pelibuey) were used (75±6 days old and 18.7±3.89 kg of initial body weight). Animals were fed twice daily. Diets consisted of 20% alfalfa hay and 80% concentrate based on ground sorghum grain and were formulated to contain 17.9% crude protein and 2.60 Mcal/kg metabolizable energy. Treatments were (dry matter basis): no CPB (0%), 10% CPB, and 20% CPB. Lambs were blocked by body weight and treatments and arranged in a 2 × 3 arrangement of treatments. Body weights were recorded initially and subsequently at 14-day intervals for a total 70 number of days. Dry matter intake was recorded daily. Apparent dry matter digestibility was predicted using insoluble acid detergent fiber. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design. Final body weight and average daily gain decreased linearly with increasing CPB level and were greater for males than females. A level × gender interaction was observed for dry matter and crude protein digestibility. Data for hot carcass weight and cold carcass weight decreased linearly as CPB level increased and were greater for males. Carcass yield, longissimus muscle area, and dressing percentage were greater for males. Dressing percentage quadratically increased as CPB level increased. Cull pinto beans are a suitable ingredient for feedlot hair-breed lambs, but the inclusion of more than 10% of CPB level decreases animal performance.

A produção in vitro (PIV) de embriões compreende as etapas de maturação dos oócitos, capacitação dos espermatozóides, fecundação dos oócitos e cultivo dos zigotos até o estádio de mórula ou blastocisto. Embora a execução destas etapas não seja complexa, vários fatores podem interferir no seu sucesso. Se uma das etapas não é realizada corretamente, uma redução do índice de sucesso na etapa seguinte pode ocorrer. Nesta revisão são detalhadas as etapas referentes à PIV de embriões ovinos, sendo enfocados a eficiência de cada uma e os avanços obtidos. Também são enfatizados os aspectos que devem ser melhorados para que as tecnologias associadas à PIV de embriões ovinos tenha uma aplicação mais difundida. In vitro embryo production (IVP) comprises oocyte maturation, sperm capacitation, oocyte fertilization and culture of zygotes up to morula or blastocyst stages. Carrying out these procedures is not complex, but their success depends on several factors. If one of them is not successfully performed, a detrimental effect on the efficiency of the following step can arise. In this review, the procedures concerning IVP of ovine embryos are detailed, being focused overall efficiency and advances obtained. Emphasis is put on aspects needing an improvement so that technologies related to IVP of ovine embryos have a widespread application.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T20:48:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 The unfavorable evolution of a young ovine during hyperimmunization process with Crotalus durissus terrificus venom was investigated in order to differentiate its origin between ophidic envenomation and copper toxicosis. Clinical, laboratory, necroscopic and histological exams as well as evaluation and measurement of heavy metals (copper) in the kidneys and in the liver were carried out. Blood counts revealed anemia and serological tests showed high levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin; which indicates liver, kidney and skeletal muscle damages. At necropsy, the animal presented hepatopathy and nephropathy. Histological examination revealed renal and hepatic features that may imply copper intoxication. Copper levels were 237.8 μg/g in the liver and 51.2 μg/g in the kidneys. Although the amount of metal found in both organs was below the level that can cause death, according to the literature, anatomopathological signs were suggestive of copper intoxication. Therefore, the hypothesis of metal toxicosis during the hyperimmunization process became more consistent than the crotalic envenomation one. Department of Tropical Diseases Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo State Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals CEVAP São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo State Radiobiology Supervision Nuclear Energy Research Institute IPEN/CNEN-SP, São Paulo, São Paulo State Clinical Laboratory of Veterinary Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry School São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo State Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos CEVAP UNESP, Caixa Postal 577, Botucatu, SP, 18618-000, Brasil Department of Tropical Diseases Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo State Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals CEVAP São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo State Clinical Laboratory of Veterinary Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry School São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo State Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos CEVAP UNESP, Caixa Postal 577, Botucatu, SP, 18618-000, Brasil

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:22:02Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:40:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-33846294386.pdf: 286370 bytes, checksum: 7fdca13ec6a50f7e9f657a080ff0e3d0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:22:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-11-01 Laboratory profile of young ovines was studied in order to evaluate and compare their antiserum production from natural and Cobalt-60 irradiated Crotalus durissus terrificus (C.d.t.) venoms. The parameters analyzed included complete blood count, and urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, total proteins, albumin and globulin serum measurements. Three groups of six animals each were used. Group 1 (G1) received natural C.d.t. venom; Group 2 (G2) received irradiated C.d.t. venom; and Group 3 (G3) was used as control and did not receive venom, only adjuvants, using seven venom inoculations. During the experimental period, animals were fortnightly weighed. According to clinical and weight evaluation, sheep in post-weaning phase showed no changes in their physiological profiles but had excellent weight gain. The parameters analyzed were not statistically different (p

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating the nutrients intake, weight gain, economic viability (chapter I), ingestive behavior (chapter II) and carcass and non carcass components characteristics (chapter III) of Corriedale lambs and hoggets submitted to high concentrate diets based on corn or sorghum grain. Thirty- two Corriedale ovines, being 16 lambs (milk teeth) and 16 hoggets (two teeth), male and castrated were used. The animals were divided into: 8 lambs fed with corn high concentrate diet; 8 lambs fed with sorghum high concentrate diet; 8 hoggets fed with corn high concentrate diet and 8 hoggets fed with sorghum high concentrate diet. The diets were constituted by white oat hay (Avena sativa), corn (Zea mays) or sorghum grain (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), supplied as whole grain, soybean meal (Glycine Max), limestone, sodium bicarbonate and monensin. No interaction between animal category and type of tested grain was observed for any of the analyzed variables. The lambs presented greater (P≤0.05) dry matter (DMI) (%LW and g/kg LW0,75), crude protein (CPI) (kg/day, % do LW and g/kg LW0,75), ether extract (EEI) (% of LW), neutral detergent fiber (NDFI), acid detergent fiber (ADFI) (% of LW and g/kg LW0,75), total digestible nutrients (TDNI) (% of LW) intake, daily average gain (DAG), conformation (CONF) and feed conversion (FC), and also presented better economic results when compared to the hoggets. Moreover, the lambs presented a longer total chewing time (min/day and %), other activities (min/day and %), number of meals per day, fasting losses (FL) and percentage of external and internal organs. On the other hand, the ether extract (EEI), total carbohydrates (TCI) and non structural carbohydrates (NSCI) intake, expressed in kg/day, the initial live weight (ILW), final live weight (FLW), live weight at slaughter (LWS), idle time (min/day and %), time spent per meal, the DM or NDF weight ingested per meal, hot carcass weight (HCW), cold carcass weight (CCW), hot carcass yield (HCY), cold carcass yield (CCY), carcass compactness index (CCI), subjective color (SC), rib eye area (REA) and neck (NEC), palette (PAL), sidecut (SCUT) and leg (LEG) weight were superior (P≤0,05) in the hoggets category. It was verified a higher (P≤0.05) EEI (kg/day, % do LW and g/kg LW0,75), longer feeding and total chewing time (min/day and %) and greater SCUT (%), as well as lower (P≤0,05) NDFI (% of LW) and ADFI (kg/day, % do LW and g/kg LW0,75), for the animals fed with high concentrate diet based in corn grain. The idle time (min/day and %), feeding efficiency (g DM/h and g NDF/h), HCY, CCY and SC were greater in the lambs fed with diets based on sorghum grain. The productive indices presnted by lambs were better than thoses presented by hoggets. For corn and sorghum grain test The results showed influence of the bromatological composition of the grains. O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o consumo de nutrientes, o ganho de peso, a viabilidade econômica (capitulo I), o comportamento ingestivo (capitulo II) e as características da carcaça e dos componentes não carcaça (capitulo III) de cordeiros e borregos da raça Corriedale submetidos à dietas de alto concentrado a base de grão de milho ou de grão de sorgo. Foram utilizados 32 ovinos da raça Corriedale, sendo 16 cordeiros (dentes de leite) e 16 borregos (2 dentes), machos castrados. Os animais foram divididos em: 8 cordeiros alimentados com dieta de alto concentrado de milho; 8 cordeiros alimentados com dieta de alto concentrado de sorgo; 8 borregos alimentados com dieta de alto concentrado de milho e 8 borregos alimentados com dieta de alto concentrado de sorgo. As dietas foram constituídas de feno de aveia branca (Avena sativa), grão de milho (Zea mays) ou de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), fornecidos inteiros, farelo de soja (Glycine Max), calcário calcítico, bicarbonato de sódio e monensina. Não foi verificado interação entre categoria animal e tipo de grão testado para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas. Os cordeiros apresentaram os consumos de matéria seca (CMS) (% do PV e g/kg PV0,75), proteína bruta (CPB) (kg/dia, % do PV e g/kg PV0,75), extrato etéreo (CEE) (% do PV), fibra em detergente neutro (CFDN), fibra em detergente ácido (CFDA) (% do PV e g/kg PV0,75), nutrientes digestíveis totais (CNDT) (% do PV), ganho de peso diário (GMD), conformação (CONF), conversão alimentar (CA) superiores (P≤0,05) e melhores resultados econômicos quando comparados aos borregos. Além disso, tiveram maior tempo de mastigação total (min/dia e %), outras atividades (min/dia e %), número de refeições por dia, perdas por jejum (PPJ) e porcentagens de órgãos externos e de órgãos internos. Por outro lado, os consumos de extrato etéreo (CEE), carboidratos totais (CCHT) e de carboidratos não estruturais (CCNE), expressos em kg/dia, o peso vivo inicial (PVIn), peso vivo final (PVF), o peso vivo ao abate (PVA), o tempo de ócio (min/dia e %), tempo despendido por refeição, os pesos de MS ou de FDN ingeridos por refeição, o peso de carcaça quente (PCQ), peso de carcaça fria (PCF), rendimento de carcaça quente (RCQ), rendimento de carcaça fria (RCF), índice de compacidade da carcaça (ICC), cor subjetiva (COR), área de olho de lombo (AOL) e os pesos de pescoço (PESC), paleta (PAL), costilhar (COST) e perna (PERN) foram superiores (P≤0,05) na categoria dos borregos. Quanto aos grãos avaliados, verificou-se maior (P≤0,05) CEE (kg/dia, % do PV e g/kg PV0,75), tempos de alimentação e de mastigação total (min/dia e %) e COST (%), bem como menor (P≤0,05) CFDN (% do PV) e CFDA (kg/dia, % do PV e g/kg PV0,75), para os animais alimentados com dieta de alto concentrado a base de grão de milho. Já o tempo em ócio (min/dia e %), a eficiência de alimentação (g MS/h e g FDN/h), RCQ, RCF e COR, foram maiores nos cordeiros alimentados com dietas à base de grão de sorgo. Os cordeiros apresentam resultados melhores para índices produtivos em comparação ao borrego. Para os grãos testados, milho e sorgo, os resultados são influenciados conforme a sua composição bromatológica.

Infections by protozoa of the Sarcocystidae family have worldwide distribution and are common in ruminants, causing important economic losses. This study evaluated Sarcocystis spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in sheep from Southwest region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Myocardium samples of 80 sheep raised on extensive system were collected. Tissue cysts were detected by direct examination and the presence of the agents was also confirmed by PCR. Macroscopic evaluation did not reveal changes, but direct microscopic examination showed cysts in 76.2% (61/80) of samples and all cysts were morphologically similar with Sarcocystis tenella or Sarcocystis arieticanis. PCR detected Sarcocystis spp. DNA in 21.2% (17/80) of samples tested and T. gondii DNA in 15% (12/80). In 6.2% (5/80) DNA of both protozoan were detected. Presence of N. caninum nucleic acids was not observed in the samples tested. All PCR-positive samples (23.7% - 19/80) were also positive by direct examination (microscopic cysts). Thus, a high occurrence of microscopic tissue cysts in sheep from the Southwest region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul was detected. Although PCR did not show a good sensitivity to identify the causative agents of these cysts, was possible to verify the presence of Sarcocystis spp. and T. gondii in cardiac muscle samples of the ovine. This may be a risk factor for animal and human contamination, not only through consumption, but also through handling the carcasses of these animals. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is a neurologic disease of horses, most often caused by the Sarcocystis neurona. However, the role of horses in the life cycle this parasite is not completely understood. This study attempts to elucidate the role of horses as intermediate hosts in S. neurona cycle, through occurrence of cysts in these animals and determine the antibodies frequency for Sarcocystis spp., Neospora spp. and T. gondii in slaughtered horses. Were collected 197 serum and heart samples of equines. None of the myocardium samples were detected tissue cysts, nucleic acids or histopathological changes associated to Sarcocystis spp. In antibodies detection, 146 (74.1%) serum samples were positive for studied protozoa. Antibodies against Sarcocystis spp. were detected in 36% (71/197), to Neospora spp. in 39.1% (77/197) and to T. gondii in 47,2% (93/197). Thus, the failure in detect tissue cysts, associated with antibodies anti-Sarcocystis spp. detection, increases the role of horses as accidental hosts in the cycle this protozoan, declining your participation in the epidemiology of Sarcocystis infection. As infecções causadas por protozoários da família Sarcocystidae têm distribuição mundial e são comuns em ruminantes, causando perdas econômicas importantes. Este estudo avaliou infecções de Sarcocystis spp., Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum em ovinos da região sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de miocárdio de 80 ovelhas criadas em sistema extensivo. Cistos de tecido foram detectados por exame direto e a presença dos agentes também foi confirmada por PCR. A avaliação macroscópica não revelou alterações, mas o exame microscópico direto mostrou cistos em 76,2% (61/80) das amostras e todos os cistos eram morfologicamente semelhantes a Sarcocystis tenella ou Sarcocystis arieticanis. A PCR detectou DNA de Sarcocystis spp. em 21,2% (17/80) das amostras testadas e DNA de T. gondii em 15% (12/80). Em 6,2% (5/80) foram detectados DNA de ambas os protozoários. Todas as amostras de PCR positivas (23,7% - 19/80) também foram positivas pelo exame direto (cistos microscópicos). Assim, uma alta ocorrência de cistos teciduais microscópicos em ovinos da região do sudoeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul foi detectada. Apesar de o PCR não ter mostrado boa sensibilidade para identificar os agentes causadores destes cistos, foi possível verificar a presença de Sarcocystis spp. e T. gondii em amostras do músculo cardíaco de ovinos. Isso pode ser um fator de risco para animais e contaminação humana, não só através do consumo, mas também através de manipulação das carcaças desses animais. A Mieloencefalite Equina por Protozoário (MEP) é uma enfermidade neurológica que acomete equinos e possui como principal agente o protozoário Sarcocystis neurona. Porém o papel dos equinos no ciclo deste protozoário não está completamente esclarecido. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elucidar o papel dos equinos como hospedeiros intermediários no ciclo do protozoário S. neurona, através da ocorrência de cistos nestes animais e determinar a frequência de detecção de anticorpos anti- Sarcocystis spp., Neospora spp. e T. gondii em equinos abatidos em frigorífico no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram coletadas 197 amostras de soro e coração de equinos. Das amostras pesquisadas, não houve detecção de cistos, ácidos nucléicos ou alterações histopatológicas relacionadas ao Sarcocystis spp. Relacionado com a detecção de anticorpos, 146 (74,1%) foram positivos para pelo menos um dos protozoários pesquisados. Anticorpos para Sarcocystis spp. foram encontrados em 36% (71/197), para Neospora spp. em 39,1% (77/197) e para T. gondii em 47,2% (93/197). Assim a não detecção de cistos teciduais, associado com a detecção de anticorpos anti-Sarcocystis spp., reforça a participação dos equinos como hospedeiros acidentais no ciclo deste protozoário, minimizando a participação destes animais na epidemiologia da infecção por Sarcocystis spp.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-09T14:51:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Simonal Cardoso da Silva.pdf: 1782108 bytes, checksum: 537b53e4898e0301e7f2806bec49b650 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-09T14:51:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Simonal Cardoso da Silva.pdf: 1782108 bytes, checksum: 537b53e4898e0301e7f2806bec49b650 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES This study aims to evaluate the energy, protein and mineral metabolism in Santa Inês ewes, both healthy and with subclinical mastitis, followed up during late gestation and lactation periods. Ewes subjected to the same semi-intensive nursing system were followed up. The animals were evaluated according to the following stages: 10 days before parturition (dbp) and 15 days postpartum (dpp), 30 (dpp), 60 (dpp), and 90 (dpp). Blood metabolites were evaluated starting from the stage previous to parturition and whey metabolites were evaluated in the subsequent stages. A screening of the ewes followed up in this study (12 healthy and 18 with subclinical mastitis) was performed after a clinical and bacteriological examination. During lactation, maintaining the same screening criteria, 11 healthy and 20 infected mammary glands were selected; the milk for whey extraction was collected from these glands. Energy profile metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids [NEFAs], ß-hydroxybutyrate [BHB], fructosamine, cholesterol and triglycerides), protein profile (total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine) and mineral profile (iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, total calcium, ionized calcium, sodium, and potassium) were measured in the blood serum. Calcium, sodium and potassium ions, as well as NEFAs and BHB were measured in the whey. Blood biochemistry revealed an influence (P

Objetivou-se descrever os achados ultrassonográficos nos testículos e epidídimos de carneiros jovens. Análises de desenvolvimento ponderal, mensurações das características biométricas testiculares e exames ultrassonográficos foram realizados dos 140 aos 280 dias de idade, a cada 28 dias. O parênquima testicular apresentou ecogenicidade homogênea (baixa a moderada) que aumentou com a idade. A ecogenicidade e a espessura do mediastino aumentaram com a idade, e a cauda do epidídimo apresentou aspecto hipoecoico em relação ao parênquima testicular. Foram observadas calcificações de grau leve nos testículos de cinco cordeiros. Conclui-se que o exame ultrassonográfico contribui para o monitoramento dos testículos e epidídimos de carneiros. This study aimed to describe ultrasonographic findings in the testis and epididymis of young sheep. Evaluations of the development of weight, measurements of biometric characteristics of the tests and ultrasound examinations of the tests and epididymis were performed from 140 to 280 days of age, each 28 days. The testicular parenchyma showed homogeneous echogenicity (low to moderate) and increased with the age. The mediastinum echogenicity and thickness increased with age and the epididymis tail showed hypoechoic appearance in relation to the testicular parenchyma. Mild calcification was observed in the testis parenchyma of five lambs. In conclusion, ultrasonographic exams help to monitor testes and epididymis of young hair rams.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:31:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ParmenedesDB_DISSERT.pdf: 4637846 bytes, checksum: 67d41df07b3b4f4e02d12ff7e07e99c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-30 Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma vivax, is a debilitating and often fatal disease in domestic animals, which causes economic losses to cause growth retardation, abortion, decreased productivity, high costs of treatment and even death of the severely affected animals. This study aims avaluate the changes caused by T. vivax on performance and carcass characteristics of sheep, with no racial pattern defined experimentally infected in Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. We used 10 ovines, male, without defined racial standard (WDRS), adults of average weight 20 kg, during the finishing stage, arranged in two treatments: control group and the group infected with strain of T. vivax originating from the outbreak of Paraíba with inoculum of 1,3 x 105 viable tripomastigostas. The animals were kept in two in sheds covered for 70 days in the same management conditions and feeding. Clinical symptoms, temperature and parasitemia were monitored daily. Weekly blood tests were performed, serum biochemistry, evaluation of feed intake and weight measurements, and calculation of feed efficiency ratio and feed every 15 days. At the end of the experiment, was the sacrifice of animals for evaluation of performance and carcass traits. There was a negative effect of T. vivax in feed conversion and feed efficiency ratio (P 0.05) in total feed consumed weekly. Only the beef ribs and ham cuts showed a significant difference (P 0,05) no total de ração consumida semanalmente. Somente os cortes cárneos costilhar e pernil mostraram diferença significativa (P

Once livestock is slaughtered the carcass of body obtained represents the main commercial product, and is valued in terms of quality. The aim of this work was to characterize and evaluate the carcasses of Araucano creole lambs. Thirteen Araucano lambs were slaughtered at 221±15 days of age weighing 32±2 Kg. The hot carcass was weighed and after 24 hours at 4C the cold carcass was weighed. The characteristics of conformation, fat cover and regional composition of the carcass were evaluated according to Chilean regulation standards. The tissue composition of the back was also determined, in its three components (muscle, bone and fat). The commercial yield of the carcass was 51.14% and losses due to dehydration of the carcass were recorded at 3%. The carcasses were characterized as 77cm long and 24cm wide at chest level. According to the thickness of muscle and fat, they were qualified as lean carcasses and the area of Longissimus dorsi muscle was an average of 15 cm2. The regional composition of the carcass presented a high percentage of lean pieces, forequarter (38.9%) and let (28.9%) with 59.5%) of the regional composition being the first category pieces with a high commercial value. The carcasses of the Araucano creole lambs were classified as heavy, of average length with a yield greater than 50% of good conformation and average fat cover. These characteristics indicate that this cattle can be defined as an attractive genetic resource for meat production in Southern Chile. Una vez sacrificados los animales de abasto se obtiene la carcasa o canal, ésta representa el principal producto comercial y se valora en términos de calidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar y valorar las carcasas obtenidas de corderos criollos Araucanos. Fueron sacrificados 13 corderos Araucanos de 32±2 Kg de peso vivo y de 221±15 días de edad. Se pesó la carcasa caliente, y luego de 24 horas a 4C se pesó la carcasa fría. Se evaluó en el laboratorio las características de conformación, engrasamiento de la carcasa y se evaluó la composición regional de la carcasa de acuerdo a la norma chilena. Determinándose también la composición tisular de la espalda en sus tres componentes (músculo, hueso y grasa). El rendimiento comercial de la carcasa fue de un 51,14% y las pérdidas por deshidratación de la carcasa fueron de un 3%. Las carcasas se caracterizaron por tener un largo de 77 cm y un ancho a nivel del tórax de 24 cm. Según el espesor de músculo y grasa (GR) fueron calificadas como carcasas magras y el área del músculo longísimo del dorso alcanzó un promedio 15 cm2. La composición regional de la carcasa presentó un alto porcentaje de piezas magras: cuarto delantero (38,9%) y pierna (28,9%), correspondiendo el 59,5% de la composición regional a piezas de primera categoría, de alto valor comercial. Las carcasas de corderos criollos Araucanos se clasificaron como pesadas, de longitud media, con un rendimiento superior al 50%, de buena conformación y engrasamiento medio, características que permiten definir a este ovino como un atractivo recurso zoogenético para la producción de carne en la zona sur de Chile.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:24:33Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:41:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-78149421826.pdf: 1381462 bytes, checksum: de9ad9d0b3960645486c36dca048dc3c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:24:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-01 The ELISA technique was used to evaluate and compare young ovine humoral immune response during crotalic antiserum production. Animals were clinically evaluated throughout this process, and the neutralizing capacity of antisera raised against natural (NV) and Cobalt-60 irradiated (IrV) venoms of Crotalus durissus terrificus (C.d.t.) was verified by means of in vitro challenges. Three groups of six animals each were used: G1 received NV; G2 was inoculated with IrV; and G3 was used as control. Animals received six immunizations during 84 days at 14-day intervals. ELISA of antibody profile showed significant difference (p

Un grupo de cuatro ovinos sanos se inmunizó con veneno de Bothrops asper, para estudiar el desarrollo de la respuesta inmune, inducida por la aplicación de un esquema de hiperinmunización. Se tomaron muestras de sangre cada siete días en nueve oportunidades, con el suero obtenido se realizaron pruebas de neutralización en ratones. Se determinó la DE50, la cual se expresó en µg de veneno neutralizado por ml de suero. Simultáneamente se observaron las condiciones generales de los ovinos durante el esquema de hiperinmunización, no presentándose alteraciones generales ni locales como consecuencia de la inoculación del veneno. En los resultados se observaron variaciones individuales en la magnitud de la elevación del título de anticuerpos y rasgos comunes en el comportamiento de las curvas desarrolladas. El título promedio óptimo (705,5 µg/ml), fue obtenido el día 21 posterior a la primera inoculación. Para ese momento, el ovino con título más alto fue de 840µg/ml y el más bajo, de 593 µg/ml. El promedio más bajo (308 µg/ml) fue observado el día 56. Se recomienda que los animales que serán utilizados en la producción comercial de antiveneno sean evaluados individualmente y seleccionados con base a una respuesta inmune satisfactoria. A group of four (4) healthy male sheep were immunized with Bothrops asper venom, in order to study the development of the immune response induced by the application of a hiperimmunization protocol. Blood samples were taken from the sheep every seven days in nine different opportunities. With the resultant serum, neutralization tests were done in mice. ED50 was calculated and expressed in µg of neutralized venom per ml of serum, at the same time, general health conditions of sheep were observed during the hiperimmunization protocol. No general or local alterations of health were present as consequence of venom inoculations. Individual variations in the magnitude of the increase of antibody titles were observed in the obtained results. None the less common features in the antibody title curves were also recorded. The mean optimal average (705,5 µg/ml) was obtained on day 21 after the first challenge. At that time, the individual sheep with the highest value was 840 µg/ml and the lowest was 593 µg/ml; the lowest average of all samples (308 µg/ml ) was observed on day 56. It is recommend that animals to be used in the commercial venom antiserum production need to be individually screened and selected based on a satisfactory immune response. 632 - 640 jumontilla@luz.edu.ve Bimestral

The ELISA technique was used to evaluate and compare young ovine humoral immune response during crotalic antiserum production. Animals were clinically evaluated throughout this process, and the neutralizing capacity of antisera raised against natural (NV) and Cobalt-60 irradiated (IrV) venoms of Crotalus durissus terrificus (C.d.t.) was verified by means of in vitro challenges. Three groups of six animals each were used: G1 received NV; G2 was inoculated with IrV; and G3 was used as control. Animals received six immunizations during 84 days at 14-day intervals. ELISA of antibody profile showed significant difference (p

En este trabajo se estudió el desarrollo de la respuesta inmune inducida por la aplicación de un esquema de hiperinmunización preestablecido contra el veneno de Crotalus durissus cumanensis, a un grupo de cinco ovinos sanos, nunca antes expuestos a este veneno. Se colectaron muestras de sangre cada siete días por un periodo de 70 días. Con el suero obtenido, se realizaron pruebas de neutralización en ratones, utilizando una dosis reto de veneno de 3 DL50. Se determinó la DE50, la cual se expresó en μg de veneno neutralizado por ml de suero. En los resultados se observaron variaciones individuales en la magnitud de la elevación del título de anticuerpos y rasgos comunes en el comportamiento de las curvas desarrolladas. El título promedio óptimo (602 μg/ml), fue obtenido el día 21 posterior a la primera inoculación. Para ese momento el ovino con título más alto fue de 978 μg/ml y el más bajo de 338 μg/ml. El promedio más bajo (115,2 μg/ml) fue observado el día 70. Se propone que cada ovino debe ser evaluado y seleccionado en base a una respuesta inmune satisfactoria, antes de ser utilizado para la producción de antiveneno. This research deals with the induced immune response by applying a pre-established hyperimmunization schedule against Crotalus durissus cumanensis venom to a group of five healthy ovines, which were not previously exposed to this venom. Blood samples were collected every 7 days during a period of 70 days. Sera obtained was used for neutralization test on mice, by using a challenge dosage of 3 LD50. The ED50 was found and expressed as pg of the neutralized venom by each ml of sera. Results revealed individual variation in the magnitude of the antibody titers rise as well as, in common features on the curve pattern. The optimum average titer (602 μg/ml), was found on day 21 after the first inoculation which corresponded with the third day after the last challenge. By this time the ovine with the highest titer reached 978 μg/ml whereas the lowest was 338 μg/ml. On the other hand, the lowest average (115.2 μg/ml) was observed on day 70. Results suggest that each ovine must be evaluated and selected on the bases of a satisfactory immune response, before its utilization for antivenom production. 388 - 394 Bimestral

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:10:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 anderlini_rp_me_botfm.pdf: 335403 bytes, checksum: 9368ef42c305b23ce4f7419eafcd9557 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) A administração de soros heterólogos de origem eqüina constitui o único tratamento para os acidentes ofídicos, porém estes são capazes de induzir reações de hipersensibilidade. Novos processos de hiperimunização em animais alternativos vêm sendo desenvolvidos, juntamente à ferramentas de destoxificação dos venenos e novas alternativas de adjuvantes. No presente trabalho, foi utilizado veneno de Crotalus durissus terrificus nativo (VN) e irradiado com Co60 (VIr), em quatro diferentes protocolos de hiperimunização, para uma avaliação quinzenal do perfil imunológico dos grupos de ovinos pela técnica de ELISA. Os animais foram avaliados clinicamente todos os dias e pesados a cada 14 dias. Ao final, foram inspecionados em frigorífico para aprovação de consumo e os rins, analisados histologicamente. Os soros obtidos foram avaliados quanto à capacidade de neutralização por meio de testes “in vitro”. O momento quatro (M4) apresentou o maior nível de titulação nos quatro grupos, porém o G1, inoculado com VN associado ao adjuvante incompleto de Freund (AIF), apresentou o maior nível quando comparados com os demais grupos, inoculados com VN associado à sílica nanoestruturada SBA-15 (G2), VIrr associado ao AIF (G3) e VIrr associado a SBA-15. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos em relação ao ganho de peso. Apenas um animal apresentou lesão no local de aplicação. Todos as carcaças obtiveram um carimbo de aprovação para consumo do Serviço de Inpeção Federa (SIF)l. Não houve alterações histológicas renais características de envenenamento crotálico. Os soros produzidos pelos quatro grupos foram capazes de neutralizar o efeito letal do veneno de Crotalus durissus terrificus, observados pelos testes de neutralização. O protocolo convencional de imunização utilizado no grupo um (G1) mostrou-se mais eficiente na neutralização do efeito letal quando comparados com os demais protocolos. The administration of heterologous antivenoms raised in horses is considered the only treatment for envenoming by venomous animals. However, it causes hypersensitivity reactions. New hyperimmunization processes in alternatives animals have been developed, associated to detoxication of venoms an new alternatives of adjuvants. In the present study it was used the natural (NV) and Co- 60-irradiated (IrrV) Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, in four differents protocols for a evaluation every fifteen days of the immunological response of the four ovine groups by the ELISA test. The clinical evaluation of the animals was performed and the weigth obteined every fourteen days, submited to a frigorific inspection and histological kidneys analysis. The neutralization capacity of the serum produced was evaluated in “in vitro” test. The fourth moment presented the major titles for all groups. However, the first group (G1), inoculated with NV associated with Freund’s incomplet adjuvant (FIA) and aluminiun hidroxide presented the major titles when compared with the other ones, inoculated with NV associated to SBA-15 (G2), IrrV associated with FIA (G3) and IrrV associated with SBA-15 (G4). There was no estatistic difference between the groups concerning the weigth analysis. Only one animal presented lesion at the inoculation site. All the carcass obtained the consume aprovation stamp of the Federal Inspection Service (FIS). There was no kidney lesions on histological analysis. The four serum produced were able to neutralize the letal effect of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, showed by the neutralization test. The convencional immunization protocol used for the first group (G1) showed more efficient neutralization capacity when compared with the others groups.

Se efectuó una prueba en condiciones de estabulación para determinar la preferencia de bovinos, ovinos y caprinos por nueve especies con potencial forrajero (Acacia spp., Bauhinia cumanensis, Erythrina fusca, Bulnesia arborea, Capparis odoratissima, Cassia alata, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Pentaclethra macroloba y Wedelia aff. caracasana) mediante un diseño experimental cuadrado latino con periodo de evaluación de nueve días en el estado Trujillo, Venezuela. Los follajes se evaluaron en términos de la composición química (PC, FDN, EB y ceniza), la concentración de metabolitos secundarios (fenoles, taninos condensados, taninos que precipitan proteínas y terpenoides totales (ET)) y la degradabilidad ruminal in situ (DMS y DMO). Se observaron diferencias estadísticas en la composición nutricional de los follajes (P

CONTENIDO Editorial Soto Castillo, Gustavo Reproducción de las cabras originarias de las zonas tropicales Reproduction in native goats of the tropical zones Chemineau, P. Comportamiento reproductivo de ovejas y cabras tropicales Reproductive performance of tropical Sheep and goats González Stagnaro, Carlos Control hormonal de la reproducción en el caprino Hormonal control of the reproduction in the goats Chemineau, P.; Baril, Gerard y Delgadillo, J. A. Control del ciclo estrual en ovejas y cabras en el medio tropical Estrous cycle control of sheeps and goats under tropical conditions González Stagnaro, Carlos Evaluación del comportamiento reproductivo en pequeños rumiantes tropicales utilizando los perfiles de progesterona Monitoring reproductive performance in tropical small ruminants using progesterone profiles Delpino, Aracelis y González Stagnaro, Carlos Diagnóstico de gestación en ovejas y cabras tropicales Pregnancy diagnosis in tropical sheeps and goats González Stagnaro, Carlos El agua de coco como dilutor de semen caprino Coconut water as a caprine extender Ferreira Nunes, José El agua de coco (Cocus nucifera L) "in natura" integral y adicionada con citoquininas, como dilutor del semen caprino The coconut water (Cocus nucifera L) "in natura" and additioned of citokinins as a caprine semen extender Ferreira Nunes, José y Flores Salles, María Gorete Citogenética aplicada a la producción de ovinos y caprinos Cytogenetic applied to the improvement of ovin and caprin production Muñoz, María Gladys y Medina, Rodolfo Técnicas de fertilización in-vitro de oocitos de ovinos Techics for in-vitro fertilization of ovine ovocytes González Fernández, Rumualdo Mensajes Institucionales 289 bimestral Nivel analítico