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NMC is a lithium-ion battery that combines three primary metals, namely Nickel, Manganese, and Cobalt. Manganese metal is used in the form of manganese sulfate (MnSO4). This research has studied the effect of adding alkali in the precipitation of impurities from the solution of manganese ore leaching on the crystals of MnSO4 as raw material for the manufacture of NMC. Some manganese ores are leached using oxalic acid as a reducing agent in a sulfuric acid atmosphere. Then, the impurities (mainly iron) precipitation from pregnant leached solution was carried out with pH adjustment using various alkalis. The alkalis used in this study were NaOH, NH4OH, and Ca(OH)2. The MnSO4 products were characterized using XRF and XRD. The results showed that the use of Ca(OH)2 in the precipitation of iron and other impurities from the pregnant leached solution could provide better MnSO4 crystals than the use of NaOH and NH4OH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local pyrolusite ore from Waykanan regency (Lampung Province, Indonesia) has been treated by sulfuric acid leaching process using various reducing agents to produce manganese sulfate. The ore was detected as pyrolusite ore by XRD and contained Mn (36.8%), Fe (6.6%), and Si (4.1%). Various reducing agents such as molasses, glucosse, fructose, cane sugar, sodium sulfit, tannic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, black tea, green tea, cellulose, sawdust of candlenut shell, sawdust of Acacia wood, sawdust of coconut shell, sawdust of Albizia chinensis wood, and H2O2 were used. From the experimental results, it can be found that tannic acid and oxalic acid were the most effective reducing agents for manganese leaching in sulfuric acid medium. The manganese recoveries were 100% when tannic acid and oxalic acid used as reducing agent, using 1 M of sulfuric acid and 5% of pulp density at 30°C of leaching temperature, 150 rpm of shaker speed, atmospheric pressure, and 8 hours of leaching period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]