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Background and Aims: The polycystic ovarian syndrome is a menacing metabolic condition with high prevalence rate in Asian countries involving women of reproductive age. This study was commenced to assess favorable effects of Lycopene--a dietary component in letrozole-induced PCOS rat model. Materials and Methods: Fifty adult female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups, ten rats each for a study of 5weeks. Control group A was given standard rat diet. Rats of experimental group B were given 1mg/kg of Letrozole to induce PCO model. Group C was given 1mg/kg of letrozole+15mg/kg/day of lycopene. Group D was given 1mg/kg of letrozole+ 500 mg/kg/day metformin. Group E was given 1mg/kg of letrozole +combination of Lycopene and metformin together. Relative body weight was taken on the day1, day21 and end of experiment. Antioxidant activity was tested using CAT, SOD and MDA. Ovaries were removed for H&E staining and studied under light microscopy. Statical analysis was carried out for result interpretations. Results: The results showed, reduced rat weight by use of Lycopene. Histological architecture of ovary showed better count of secondary and graafian follicles towards normal values which was quite reduced in group B proved by significant p-value<0.001. While raised number of atretic follicles in group B 6±1.6 was reduced to 3±0.9, 4±0.6, 4±0.7 in group C, D &E respectively. Overall improvement in distorted/cystic ovaries was noted by treatment therapy, evident by significant p-value. Group B showed mean count of cyst 7±1.0, which was brought to 2±0.5, 3±0.8, 2±0.7 in groups C, D &E. Elevated Oxidative markers (ROS) were also reduced. Conclusion: Dietary intake Lycopene can ameliorate histological and oxidative damage in polycystic ovaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Selenium and Zinc in improving histological features on DEHP-induced toxicity in the thyroid gland of rats. Design of study: Laboratory based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Anatomy Department of Islamic International Medical College with the National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad Pakistan cooperation from Sep 2019 to Sep 2020. Methodology: Forty, eight weeks old rats were divided into four groups, each containing ten male rats. In control, Group-A rats were on the standard diet. In Group-B, rats were given orally 500mg/kg/day DEHP. In Group-C rats were given 500mg/kg/day DEHP and 1mg/kg/day Selenium orally. In Group-D rats were given 500mg/kg/day DEHP and 5mg/kg/day Zinc orally. After 28 days, rats were dissected, and the thyroid gland was removed. Histological parameters, vacuolization and number of follicular cells were observed with H and E stining among control and experimental groups. Results: In Group-B, 50% of rats showed severe vacuolization. In Group-C, 60% of rats showed minimal vacuolization. In Group-D, 40% of rats showed minimally, and 40% of rats showed mild vacuolization. Among quantitative parameters, the number of follicular cells was conserved more by Selenium than Zinc. Conclusion: Selenium and Zinc have a protective effect on thyroid histological changes caused by DEHP, but Selenium shows better conservation than zinc on thyroid histology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the neuroprotective effect of curcumin against tartrazine-induced neurobiochemical and histopathological changes in the gray matter of motor cortex of rat brain. Study Design: Lab-based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Islamic International Medical College, from Sep 2019 to Sep 2020. Methodology: Forty five adult male albino rats (250-300 gm) were divided randomly into three groups (n=15). Group A, rats were given standard rat diet. Group B, rats were given tartrazine orally by dissolving in tap water in the dose of 7.5 mg/kg body weight. Group C, rats were given 200 mg/kg of curcumin along with tartrazine orally by dissolving in tap water, daily for 28 consecutive days. At the end, all animals were dissected and their brain were removed. The neurobiochemical parameters including lipid peroxidation marker level along with microscopic changes widening of Virchow's robin space and neuropil vacuolation in neurovascular unit were observed. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: The curcumin administration significantly improved the MDA levels (p-value <0.001 on intergroup comparison) and widening of Virchow's robin space (group A=3.57 ± 0.78 μm, group B=19.39 ± 0.68 μm, group C12.1 ± 0.83 μm; p-value <0.001). Neuropil vacuolation was reduced to negligible in 60% rats of curcumin treated group. Conclusion: Curcumin displayed a neuroprotective role in improving the tartrazine induced neurobiochemical and histopathological changes in the motor cortex of rat brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare protective potential of cinnamon extract and green tea against Bisphenol A induced changes in tubular histology of rat kidney. Design of Study: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Duration of study was six months and was conducted in Islamic International Medical College in collaboration with NIH. Material and Methods: Sixty adult male rats of Sprague Dawley strain were placed in 4 cages having 15 rats each. Experimental duration was 30 days. Rats in control group A were subcutaneously injected with distilled water. Rats in experimental group B were given subcutaneous injections of BPA at dose of 30mg/kg/day. Rats in group C were given cinnamon (200mg/kg/day) orally along with s/c injection of BPA while group D rats were given green tea orally along with s/c BPA injections. All rats were dissected after 30 days and right kidneys were taken out to examine histological changes in proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Results: Histological parameters of proximal and distal convoluted tubules were observed in experimental and control groups. Marked deterioration of tubular structure was observed in group B as compared to control group. Although both groups C and D showed nephroprotection against tubular histological changes but group D offered greater nephroprotection than group C. Conclusion: Green tea was more effective than cinnamon in combating the oxidative stress induced neprotoxicity caused by BPA. Co-administration of cinnamon and green tea with BPA reduced the histological damage in proximal and distal convoluted tubules of nephrons in rats caused by Bisphenol A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]