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Purpose: Adiponectin may be beneficial in incipient chronic kidney disease by antagonizing oxidative stress. We evaluated adiponectin, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DP) with and without incipient nephropathy., Methods: T2DP with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >30 ml/min were compared with 20 healthy controls. Clinical and laboratory evaluations, levels of MDA (fluorimetric thiobarbituric test), SOD (cytochrome reduction method) and adiponectin (ELISA) were obtained., Results: Sixty-four patients (GFR 91.44 ± 38.50 ml/min, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [UACR] 20.81 [4.64-72.88 mg/g]) were included. MDA was higher in T2DP than in controls: 3.97 (2.43-4.59) versus 1.35 (1.16-1.81) nmol/ml, p < 0.0001. MDA correlated with glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.40, p = 0.001), adiponectin (r = -0.28, p = 0.03), systolic blood pressure (r = -0.28, p = 0.03) and SOD (r = -0.35, p = 0.005); adiponectin (p = 0.01) and glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.02) remained significant predictors of MDA in multiple regression analysis. SOD was negatively correlated with glycemia (r = -0.71, p < 0.0001) and glycated hemoglobin (r = -0.5, p < 0.0001). When patients were divided according to a ROC-derived adiponectin cutoff of 8.9 µg/ml, patients with higher adiponectin had lower MDA, [2.55 (2.35-3.60) vs. 4.10 (2.89-5.31) nmol/ml, p = 0.005] but similar SOD levels. In T2DP with nephropathy (GFR < 60 ml/min or UACR > 30 mg/g), the correlation of adiponectin with MDA was stronger, (r = -0.51, p = 0.004) confirmed in multiple regression analysis (p = 0.03). Adiponectin was not correlated with MDA, and SOD was inversely related to MDA in patients without nephropathy., Conclusion: Adiponectin is a significant predictor of MDA in early diabetic nephropathy, whereas SOD strongly depends only on glycemic control and is not directly related to adiponectin.

Diabetic kidney disease is an important complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and has an economic impact in growth due to the increasing prevalence of T2DM. Identification of diabetic kidney disease risk factors is a priority for both the patient and the healthcare system. The aim of our study was to rank the risk factors using VIKOR method applied on a database with patients with T2DM. Data from 53 T2DM patients were analyzed with VIKOR method. 18 possible risk factors were taken in consideration as alternatives and four separate criteria of renal function: two for albumin excretion - quantified as urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) and two for GFR (glomerular filtration rate). In the top of the VIKOR method hierarchy was serum adiponectin followed by triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, duration of diabetes and age. Malondialdehyde and HDL-cholesterol influenced chronic kidney disease as protective factors (18th, respective 17th position in the hierarchy). VIKOR method brought new information about the similarity between the positions of some factors in the hierarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Experimental and clinical studies suggest an inverse relationship between adiponectin and oxidative stress. In this study we evaluated the relationship between serum adiponectin and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic neuropathy. Material and methods. We included in this study 26 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic neuropathy, from the outpatient settings of the Clinic of Nephrology Mihai Manasia Cluj and 48 patients with type 2 diabetes without diabetic neuropathy. Exclusion criteria were: chronic renal disease other than diabetic nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy stage 4-5 KDOQI, the presence of acute inflammatory/infectious, uncontrolled hypertension. Results. In patients with neuropathy plasma adiponectin was significantly correlated with lipid peroxides-malondialdehyde r=-0.42, p=0.03, with catalase r=0.56, p=0.009, with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol r=0.53, p=0.005 and glycated hemoglobin r=-0.54, p=0.005. Lipid peroxides - malondialdehyde was significantly correlated with age r=-0.46, p=0.02, glycated hemoglobin r=-0.54, p=0.005; abdominal circumference r=-0.39, p=0.05. Superoxide dismutase was significantly correlated with blood glucose r=-0.84, p<0.001. In multivariate linear regression adiponectine was dependent of lipid peroxides - malondialdehyde (p=0.04), body mass index (p=0.002), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.002) and glycated hemoglobin (p<0,001). In patients without neuropathy, multivariate linear regression found that adiponectine was dependent of urinary albumin/urinary creatinin report (p<0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.001), body mass index (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.001). There were no significant differences in levels of adiponectin and oxidative stress parameters between diabetic neuropathy and without neuropathy group. Conclusion. In patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and diabetic neuropathy, low level of oxidative stress was correlated with high level of adiponectin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a vitamin-like compound with a direct and indirect antioxidant role, energetic role and with an increase of the immune system. The modifications of oxidant/antioxidant (O/AO) balance in exercise with the oxidative stress (SO) production, determined us to study the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on the leucocytes phagocytic capacity, which through the phagocytic function on the reactive species of oxigen (SRO) production have a favourable role in the antimicrobian defence in the body. Aims. The following were studied: 1. influence of CoQ10 supplementation on the aerobic exercise capacity; 2. influence of exercise and CoQ10 supplement on the leukocytes and phagocytic capacity. Methods. The investigation was carried out in 3 groups of 10 male albino Wistar rats: group I: animals trained to exercise; group II: animals trained to exercise with CoQ10 supplementation; group III: sedentary animals with CoQ10 supplementation. Venous blood samples were taken from the retroorbitar vein on the 1st day, 14th day and 28th day. Leukocytes count and the leukograme (polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocytes: PMNN; monocytes: MO), phagocytic capacity (phagocytic index: FI; phagocytic activity: FA; peroxidase activity: Px) were detected. Results. The training determined significant increases of the aerobic exercise capacity, with or without CoQ10 supplementation. The exercise influence the phagocytic capacity, with the significant decreases of FI on the 14th day and on the 28th day as compared with the 1st day, the significant increases of FA on the 14th day and restoration to the initial values on the 28th day, and without significantly influence on the Px. The exercise and CoQ10 supplementation did not determine significant changes of the counts of leucocytes and PMNN, but produced significant MO increases, with maximum values on the 14th day, as compared with the 1st day; influencing favourably the phagocytic capacity, while supplementation in the sedentary animals determined a significant decrease of FI after 14 days and 28 days, and significant increases of FI and FA after 28 days; Px decreased significantly, as compared with the 1st day. The CoQ10 supplementation in sedentary animals determined the significant decrease of FI after 14 days and 28 days, and increases of FA which are significant after 28 days; Px increased significantly during the exercise, as compared with the 1st day. Conclusions. CoQ10 supplementation determined significant increases of the aerobic exercise capacity, without significant changes of the total leukocytes count; phagocytic capacity increased based on the FI and on the FA, but decreased because of Px. These changes can be attributed to the direct or indirect antioxidant role of the CoQ10 and to its energetic generating effect on the exercise capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]