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Menopause is accompanied by enhanced oxidative stress and behavioral changes, effects attenuated by antioxidants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of caffeine on behavior and oxidative stress in an experimental model of menopause. Female rats were divided into the following groups: sham-operated (CON), sham-operated and caffeine-treated (CAF), ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized and caffeine-treated (OVX+CAF). Caffeine (6 mg/kg) and vehicle were administered for 21 days (subchronic) and 42 days (chronic), using 2 experimental subsets. Behavioral tests and oxidative stress parameters in the blood, whole brain, and hippocampus were assessed. The subchronic administration of caffeine decreased the lipid peroxidation and improved the antioxidant defense in the blood and brain. The GSH/GGSG ratio in the brain was improved by chronic administration, with reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes and enhanced nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels. In particular, the lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus decreased in both experiments. The rats became hyperactive after 21 days of treatment, but no effect was observed after chronic administration. In both experimental subsets, caffeine had anxiolytic effects as tested in elevated plus maze. The administration of low doses of caffeine, for a short period of time, may be a new therapeutic approach to modulating the oxidative stress and anxiety in menopause.

Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) have been explored as potential vectors for enhancing the antitumor efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX) while minimizing its cardiotoxic effects. However, the impacts of DOX Au-NPs on cardiac function and oxidative stress remain inadequately understood. This study aimed to explore the effects of DOX Au-NPs in comparison to free DOX, focusing on oxidative stress markers, inflammation, ultrastructural changes, and cardiac function. Male rats were divided into the following four groups: control, citrate Au-NPs, DOX, and DOX Au-NPs. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography, and oxidative stress was evaluated through Nrf2, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and the GSH/GSSG ratio. The ultrastructure of cardiac tissue was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Rats treated with DOX Au-NPs exhibited significant cardiac dysfunction, as indicated by a reduction in fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Oxidative stress markers, including elevated MDA levels and a reduced GSH/GSSG ratio, were significantly worse in the DOX Au-NP group. SOD levels decreased, indicating compromised antioxidant defenses. Citrate Au-NPs also caused some alterations in cardiac function and ultrastructure but without other molecular alterations. DOX Au-NPs failed to mitigate cardiotoxicity, instead exacerbating oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction. DOX Au-NPs possess cardiotoxic effects, necessitating further investigation into alternative nanoparticle formulations or therapeutic combinations to ensure both efficacy and safety in cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer drug, but its use is limited by dose-dependent heart toxicity. Quercetin is a natural antioxidant frequently studied for its beneficial properties. Moreover, a wide range of dietary supplements are available for human use. This in vivo study aimed to explore the potential cardioprotective effects of quercetin in chronic DOX treatment. A total of 32 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, DOX, DOX/Q-50, and DOX/Q-100, treated with saline, 2.5 mg/kg body-weight DOX, 2.5 mg/kg body-weight DOX + 50 mg quercetin, and 2.5 mg/kg body-weight DOX + 100 mg quercetin, respectively, for two weeks. Rats were monitored using cardiac ultrasound (US) and markers for cardiac injury. Oxidative damage and ultrastructural changes in the heart were investigated. Chronic DOX treatment led to a decline in cardiac function and elevated values of NT pro-BNP, troponin I, and CK-MB. Quercetin treatment slightly improved certain US parameters, and normalized serum NT pro-BNP levels. Furthermore, DOX-induced SOD1 depletion with consequent Nrf2 activation and DNA damage as shown by an increase in γH2AX and 8HOdG. Quercetin treatment alleviated these alterations. Oral administration of quercetin alleviated serum markers associated with DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, it exhibited a favorable impact on the cardiac US parameters. This suggests that quercetin may have potential cardioprotective properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress have a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of combining quercetin treatment with moderate exercise training in reversing diabetes-induced oxidative stress and ultrasound modifications in rat carotid arteries. The diabetic Wistar rats were divided into sedentary groups and trained groups. The trained animals went through a regular moderate exercise by swimming (5 weeks). Some non-diabetic and diabetic rats were daily treated with quercetin (30 mg/kg, for 5 weeks). At the end of the study, the imaging evaluation required to assess the effects of diabetes on carotid arteries was performed by micro-ultrasound (MU). The diabetic rats presented atherosclerotic plaques, with an increase in the echogenicity of the carotid artery wall, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and carotid wall thickness, while the diabetic trained rats treated with quercetin presented normal values of these parameters. Malondialde-hyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and the reduced (GSH) to oxidized (GSSG) glutathione ratio were determined in the carotid artery tissue. Diabetes caused elevated MDA levels and a decrease in SOD activity, GSH levels and GSH/GSSG ratio in the carotid artery tissue. Treating diabetic rats with quercetin combined with moderate exercise training reversed all these oxidative stress parameters. Our results show that this combination, quercetin and moderate exercise training, can be a good treatment strategy for the vascular complications of diabetes by attenuating hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress.

Epilobium hirsutum L., commonly known as hairy willowherb, is a perennial herbaceous plant native to Europe and Asia. In Romania, the Epilobium genus includes 17 species that are used in folk medicine for various purposes. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antitumor potential of the optimized extract of Epilobium hirsutum (EH) in animal models. The first study investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of EH optimized extract and the model used was carrageenan-induced paw inflammation. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: negative control, positive control treated with indomethacin, and a group treated with the extract. Oxidative stress markers, cytokine levels, and protein expressions were assessed. The extract demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties comparable to those of the control group. In the second study, the antitumor effects of the extract were assessed using the tumor model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Swiss albino mice with Ehrlich ascites were divided into four groups: negative, positive treated with cyclophosphamide (Cph), Group 3 treated with Cph and EH optimized extract, and Group 4 treated with extract alone. Samples from the ascites fluid, liver, and heart were analyzed to evaluate oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer markers. The extract showed a reduction in tumor-associated inflammation and oxidative stress. Overall, the EH optimized extract exhibited promising anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects in the animal models studied. These findings suggest its potential as a natural adjuvant therapeutic agent for addressing inflammation and oxidative stress induced by different pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to gain an insight into the manner in which several extraction processes (both classical as well as innovative) affected bioactive compound yield, and subsequently to assess several of their biological activities. Red clover extracts were obtained using maceration, Soxhlet extraction, turbo-extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and a combination of the last two. The resulting extracts were analyzed for total phenolic and flavonoid content. The extracts presenting the best results were subjected to a phytochemical assessment by way of HPLC-MS analysis. After a final sorting based on the phytochemical profiles of the extracts, the samples were assessed for their antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and oxidative stress reduction potential, using animal inflammation models. The Soxhlet extraction yielded the most satisfactory results both qualitatively and quantitatively. The ultrasound-assisted extraction offered comparable yields. The extracts showed a high potential against gram-negative bacteria and induced a modest antioxidant effect on the experimental inflammation model in Wistar rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Cornus mas is a plant rich in flavonoids, anthocyanins, vitamins and other important chemicals with beneficial effects in several pathological situations such as inflammation, hyperglycemia or noxious localized processes. Numerous studies have shown gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to be effective drug transporters to the target tissues. Aims. The present study evaluated the effects of Cornus mas L. extract administration, as a simple solution or as a functionalizing agent for AuNPs, on the oxidative stress and biochemical parameters in rats with experimentally diabetes mellitus. Methods. Streptozocin-induced diabetes mellitus in adult Sprague Dawley female rats was performed after 8 months of high fat diet that ensured the animal’s body weight increase (600 ± 20g). The animals were randomly allocated in the following groups: CMC group received carboxymethylcellulose (CMC); Insulin group with Insulin administration; Pioglitazone group received pioglitazone in CMC solution; AuNPsCM group was treated with solution of gold nanoparticles functionalized with Cornus mas L. extract (AuNPsCM) and Cornus mas group received solution with extract of Cornus mas. The parameters of the oxidative stress were evaluated in serum, heart and aorta wall. In addition, biochemical parameters were investigated from the serum of all rats. Results. Cornus mas L. extract simple solution produced significant modifications: in aorta wall decreased significantly malondialdehyde, endothelin 1 and TNF-α; in heart homogenate decreased malondialdehyde, TNF-α and increased GSH/ GSSG ratio; in serum increased GSH/GSSG ratio and decreased C-reactive protein (CRP). AuNPsCM administration recorded significant modifications: iNOS increases and TNF-α decreases in aorta wall; malondialdehyde, TNF-α decreases and iNOS increases in heart homogenate; in serum, glucose, HDL and CRP decreases. Conclusions. Cornus mas L. extract simple solution presented beneficial effects in aorta and heart tissues, decreasing the oxidative stress and the inflammation that were generated in rats on high fat diet and experimentally induced diabetes mellitus. AuNPsCM administration showed conflicting inflammatory effects in aorta and heart homogenates but decreased the glucose levels in serum of rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cornus mas L. extract (CM) presents hypolipidemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are considered potent delivery systems and may be used to release pharmaceutical compounds at the level of injury. In our study, we used gold nanoparticles functionalized with bioactive compounds from Cornus mas L. (AuNPsCM) in an experimental model of a high-fat diet (HFD), and we assessed their effects on aorta wall but also in the serum, as compared to Cornus mas (CM) administration. Sprague Dawley female rats were fed for 9 months with an HFD. During the last month of the experiment, we randomly allocated the animals into three groups that received, by oral gavage: saline solution, CM solution (0.158 mg/mL polyphenols) or AuNPsCM solution (260 μg Au/kg/day), while a Control group received a standard diet and saline solution. At the end of the experiment, we performed an ultrasonography of the aorta and left ventricle and a histology and transmission electron microscopy of the aorta walls; we investigated the oxidative stress and inflammation in aorta homogenates and in serum and, in addition, the lipid profile. AuNPsCM presented better effects in comparison with the natural extract (CM) on lipid peroxidation (p < 0.01) and TNF-alpha (p < 0.001) in aorta homogenates. In serum, both CM and AuNPsCM decreased the triglycerides (p < 0.001) and C-reactive protein (CM, p < 0.01; AuNPsCM, p < 0.001) and increased the antioxidant protection (p < 0.001), in comparison with the HFD group. In intima, AuNPsCM produced ultrastructural lesions, with the disorganization of intima and subendothelial connective layer, whereas CM administration preserved the intima normal aspect, but with a thinned subendothelial connective layer. AuNPsCM oral administration presented certain antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic effects in an experimental model of HFD, but with a negative impact on the ultrastructure of aorta walls, highlighted by the intima disorganization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Nanotechnology developed multiple systems that may be involved in drug delivery to the target tissue, among them, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) being considered potent and safe. Aims. The study aims to investigate oxidative stress and the modifications of the aorta wall after administration of gold nanoparticles, as the single component or functionalized with Cornus mas L. extract. Methods. Adult female rats received solutions by gavage, as follows: group C (control), saline solution; group I (citrate), trisodium citrate dehydrate; group II (AuNPs), gold nanoparticles solution; and group III (AuNPsCM) solution of gold nanoparticles functionalized with Cornus mas L. extract. Oxidative stress parameters were investigated in the serum and aorta, biochemical parameters from blood, diameters and blood flow velocity were measured and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on ascending aorta ring sections. Results. LDL was significantly reduced; MDA decreased significantly in serum; in the aorta, endothelin 1 and TNF-α were significantly increased in AuNPs and AuNPsCM groups, iNOS increased and MDA decreased in all treated groups, compared to the control group. The aorta diameters significantly decreased, consequently the blood flow increased significantly in the treated groups, in comparison with the control group. TEM investigation showed intima and media alterations in groups that received citrate and AuNPs, and only intima modifications in the AuNPsCM group. Conclusions. The aorta wall presented oxidative stress and histological modifications in all treated rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ype 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by the insulin deficiency resulting from the progressive destruction of pancreatic β cells. Thiazolidine-2,4-diones (TZDs) activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and enhance the actions of insulin. 5-((6-methyl-4-oxo-4Hchromen- 3-yl)methylene)-3-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZDd) is a heterocyclic derivative synthesized in our laboratory. The purpose of this study was to examine whether TZDd has hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects in diabetic rats. Its effects were compared with those of quercetin (Que), a potent antioxidant, and with pioglitazone (Pio), a well-known antidiabetic drug. Type 1 DM was induced in Wistar rats by the intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg). The non-diabetic and diabetic rats were treated with Que (30 mg/kg/day), pioglitazone (30 mg/kg/day), or TZDd (30 mg/kg/day), for 5 weeks. The serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) groups, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in the blood were then assessed. The results indicated that the TZDd decreased the blood oxidative stress parameters in the treated diabetic rats, compared to Que and pioglitazone. In conclusion, the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of TZDd in diabetic rats, suggest its therapeutic properties for the clinical treatment of T1DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resveratrol is a polyphenol with important antioxidant and antiinflammatory roles. Loratadine, as a selective inverse-agonist of peripheral receptor H1, is described as an anti-allergic substance with potential antiinflammatory effects. We aimed to assess the protective capacity of loratadine against oxidative stress produced by inflammation with carrageenan in comparison with a well-known antioxidant compound, resveratrol. Our results showed that resveratrol and loratadine had no protective anti-inflammatory effects in inflamed skin. As expected, resveratrol had antioxidant effects in serum and in liver. Loratadine developed oxidative stress in tegument and serum. In this experimental model, our results do not sustain the initial hypothesis that loratadine could have a protective effect in inflammation, and, in the contrary, is capable of increasing it, by producing an oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a major cause of ocular injury contributing to photokeratitis, cataract and pterygium development. The aim of the study was to investigate the oxidant/antioxidant status of Wistar rat eyes after exposure to various doses of UVB in correlation with morphological and structural changes. Five groups of 8 animals each, randomly divided, were treated as follows: group 1: control, no UVB irradiation; group 2: a single UVB exposure to a dose of 45 mJ/cm²; group 3: a single UVB exposure to 90 mJ/cm²; group 4: a single UVB exposure to 180 mJ/cm²; group 5: a single UVB exposure to 360 mJ/cm². At 24 hrs after UVB irradiation the animals were anaesthetized and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The rat eyes from 5 animals were extracted and used for biochemical determinations and from 3 animals were harvested and used for histopathological investigation. Our results demonstrated that a single UVB exposure at different doses disturbs the oxidant-antioxidant balance in the eye tissues by lipid peroxides generation, activation of CAT and SOD and adaptative increasing of GSH levels, particularly at high doses. Twenty hours following UVB irradiation the cornea showed significant lesions: inflammation, hemorrhage, superficial/deep ulcerous keratitis and epithelial exfoliation. Severity of injuries was dose-dependent. These data suggest that oxidative stress may be responsible for the corneal lesions induced by UVB irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic syndrome incidence is increasing, especially in industrialized countries. Lack of exercise and obesity are a major cause of morbidity and mortality at ages becoming younger. Exercise is proven to be a cardiovascular protective factor. Oxidant-antioxidant balance is modified with the advent of any pathological process. The aim of the study was to observe the effect antioxidant administration (coenzyme Q10) has in different types of diet and at different activity status. Research was conducted on male Wistar rats, divided into 12 groups of 10 animals, in two 6 lots stages. Animals received in the first stage the normal diet (I, II), high-sugar diet (III, IV), high-fat diet(V, VI), were carried out daily exercise (II, IV, VI) or were sedentary (I, III, V ). During the second stage, study model conducted in the first stage was added oral coenzyme Q10 gavage(100mg/kgc). After 28 days, the animals were euthanized and the liver was collected. Histopathological examination of liver biopsies not revealed significant changes in terms of steatosis, inflammation or macular degeneration regardless of diet, supplementation with coenzyme Q10 or performing exercise [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: many studies in experimental models have evidenced the presence of inflammation in venous vascular dysfunction and the implication of TNF-α in vascular pathology, through its prooxidant and proinflammatory effect. Starting from these studies, we experimentally investigated the effect of treatment with a TNF-α inhibitor, etanercept, on the oxidant/antioxidant balance in rats, with the partial obstruction of the common femoral vein. Methods: the researches were carried out in 7 groups of animals (n=10 rats/group), 6 groups undergoing surgery and a control group. In 3 groups, the ligation of the common femoral vein was performed (groups 1, 2, 3), 3 groups underwent the ligation of the common femoral vein and received etanercept (groups 4, 5, 6), in a dose of 1 mg/kg, one dose per week, according to data found in literature. The serum indicators of the O/AO balance were determined: indicators for oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PC)), indicators for non-enzymatic AO defense (thiol groups (SH), hydrogen donors (HD ), glutathione (GSH)) at weeks 1, 2 and three. Results and Conclusions: chronic venous insufficiency with and without anti-TNF-α treatment induced changes in the oxidant/antioxidant balance compared to the control group; after the administration of the anti-TNF-α preparation, oxidative stress was maintained on account of MDA that increased significantly, and decreased significantly on account of PC compared to the untreated groups; after the administration of the anti-TNF-α preparation, at two and three weeks there was an insignificant increase in antioxidant defense on account of HD and GSH compared to the untreated groups; the administered anti-TNF-α preparation had late and insignificant effects in chronic venous insufficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress plays an important role in ischemic acute renal failure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of N Acetyl-cystein (ACC) on renal function and the oxidative stress in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Histological analysis of kidney tissue was performed. Renal IR was performed by clamping the unilateral renal artery for 20 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. ACC was administered 72, 24 and 3h prior to IR and the same dose was given 3 h, 24 and 72 h after IR. Treatment groups were: control group, IR group and IR-ACC group. Renal function was assessed by measuring plasma creatinine on days 1, 3 and 7 after IR. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured on days 1, 3, 7 after IR. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and gluthatione were measured as antioxidative markers. IR produced elevated levels of MDA and increased creatinine compared with control group (p<0.05). SOD and catalase levels were lower in IR compared with control group. ACC reduced elevated levels of MDA, increased SOD, catalase and gluthatione levels (P<0.05) and attenuated renal dysfunction. These results demonstrate the antioxidant effect of ACC in attenuating renal IR injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myringosclerosis is a common sequel of the ventilation tube treatment of otitis media. Recent studies have established the relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and myringosclerosis.The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the temporal change of oxidants/antioxidants balance at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the myringotomy. Fifty healthy adult male Wistar albino rats, weighing approximate 250-300 g, were randomly separated into five groups (n = 10 rats/group): first group ,of control, nonmyringotimized and four groups myringotimized unilaterally on the left ear. The tympanic membranes were collected from sacrificed rats for biochemical evaluation of parameters of oxidants/antioxidants balance from 1st group and in 6 hours from 2nd group, in 12 hours from 3rd group, in 24 hours from 4th group and in 48 hours from 5th group. The index oxidants were malondialdehyde and carbonyl proteins and the index antioxidants were hydrogen donor ability and sulfhydril groups. Results and conclusions: The changes of oxidants/antioxidants balance and oxidative stress appear after myringotomy in 6 hours and increase in 12, 24, and 48 hours. Myringosclerosis develops promptly after myringotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon tetrachioride is an organic solvent known for its hepatotoxicity. Its effects are due to CCl3 radical production. Chitosan is a natural antioxidant obtained from the exoskeleton of the crustaceous; it protects the liver against the oxidative stress. We used 40 female Wistar rats (weight 23 0±25 gr.) divided into 4 equal groups. Group I was the control one; Group II received a unique dose of 3 ml/kg CCl4 by gavage; Group III received daily 5 mg/kg vitamin E i.m. for a week before the CCl4 administration. Group IV received daily 3 mg/kg chitosan i.p. for a week before the CCl4 administration. 24 hours after the CCl4 have been given, blood and liver tissue samples were taken. We assessed the oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde) and antioxidant defence markers (hydrogen donors' capacity and reduced glutathione) both from serum and liver tissue. CCl4 acute administration induced oxidative stress especially in the liver tissue (malondialdehyde level increases, while glutathione level decreased). However, for the animals that have been protected with chitosan, the oxidative stress markers had almost similar values to those of the control group. The histopathological findings confirm the results. Therefore, chitosan has a protective effect against liver injuries induced by acute exposure to CCl4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• MDA and GSSG levels, COX-2 expression and DNA damage increased in tumor after PDT. • CM associated PDT reduced lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant defence. • CM administered before PDT induced inflammation, apoptosis and necrosis in tumor tissue. • The histologic and biochemical changes were comparable in TSPP + IR + CM and TSPP + IR groups. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment of cancer due to its ability to induce cell death, oxidative stress and acute inflammatory reaction in targeted sites. To optimize the effect of PDT the addition of some compounds with supplementary cytotoxic effect on tumor cells was tried. The study was performed on 35 Wistar male albino rats with Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. The animals were randomly assigned in seven groups (n = 5) and treated as follows: group 1 - control; group 2 – Cornus mas (CM) extract 15 mg/kg b.w., administered for 7 days; group 3 – CM extract administered for 7 days followed by irradiation (CM + IR); group 4 – one dose of tetra-p–sulfonato-phenyl-porphyrin (TSPP) 10 mg/kg b.w.; group 5 – TSPP + IR; group 6 – CM extract administered daily for 7 days before TSPP and IR (CM + TSPP + IR); group 7 – TSPP + IR followed by CM administered for 7 days (TSPP + IR + CM). The results showed that MDA and GSSG levels increased after PDT in parallel with the increasing of COX-2 expression and DNA damage. Apoptotic and necrotic index enhanced in TSPP + IR, effect improved by CM association before PDT. CM + TSPP + IR regimen also induced more intense inflammatory reactions, increased COX-2 expression, determined DNA damage, apoptosis and necrosis, compared to the TSPP + IR + CM group. Both combined therapeutic regimens reduced MDA levels in tumor tissue, especially CM + TSPP + IR and increased the antioxidant defense and iNOS expression. Our results demonstrated that CM associated before PDT had beneficial effects in PDT and may represent a promising option in PDT strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims. High fat diet (HFD) can lead to liver injury, through oxidative stress and inflammation. The use of natural compounds with antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties can have a protective potential. We aimed to investigate the effects of Cornus mas (CM) and gold nanoparticles phytoreduced with CM (GNPsCM) on hepatic alterations induced by HFD in rats. Methods. Female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, HFD, HFD +CM and HFD + GNPsCM. The high fat diet was administered for 32 weeks and CM and GNPsCM were administered for 4 weeks after the HFD period. The high fat diet induced oxidative stress in liver, with lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant capacity, inflammation and minimal histological alterations. Results. The administration of CM and GNPsCM reduced lipid peroxidation produced by HFD and increased antioxidant potential in liver homogenates, while increasing inflammatory markers. Histological alterations were slightly improved by the intervention of compounds, and hyaluronic acid content of the liver without statistical significance as compared to HFD group. Conclusion. These findings support the potential of these treatments in addressing liver oxidative stress, mitigating liver damage induced by a high-fat diet. This investigation sheds light on the oxidative stress dynamics and histological alterations associated with high-fat diet-induced liver injury, contributing to our understanding of potential therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TMAO, a gut microbiota derived byproduct, has been associated with various cardiometabolic diseases by promoting oxidative stress and inflammation. The liver is the main organ for TMAO production and chronic exposure to high doses of TMAO could alter its function. In this study, we evaluated the effect of chronic exposure of high TMAO doses on liver oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. TMAO was administered daily via gastric gavage to laboratory rats for 3 months. Blood was drawn for the quantification of TMAO, and liver tissues were harvested for the assessment of oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, GSSG, GPx, CAT, and 8-oxo-dG) and inflammation by quantification of IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β, NOS and COX-2 expression. The evaluation of fibrosis was made by Western blot analysis of α-SMA and Collagen-3 protein expression. Histological investigation and immunohistochemical staining of iNOS were performed in order to assess the liver damage. After 3 months of TMAO exposure, TMAO serum levels enhanced in parallel with increases in MDA and GSSG levels in liver tissue and lower values of GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio as well as a decrease in GPx and CAT activities. Inflammation was also highlighted, with enhanced iNOS, COX-2, and IL-10 expression, without structural changes and without induction of liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Thyroid gland is susceptible to oxidative stress. It uses hydrogen peroxide for hormone synthesis and the removal of thyroid tissue may trigger the increase of pro-oxidant processes. Aims. We investigated the antioxidant effects of quercetin and curcumin on the oxidative stress parameters in rats with hemithyroidectomy. Methods. Male albino Wistar rats with hemithyroidectomy were used. The animals were randomly allocated in the following groups: group CMC -received carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 1%; Que 20 group -quercetin 20 mg/kg/day; Que 40 group-quercetin 40 mg/kg/day; group Euthyrox -1.3 μg/kg/day of sodium levothyroxine; Curcumin 15 group -15 mg/kg/day of curcumin; Curcumin 30 group -revived 30 mg/kg/day of curcumin. The parameters of the oxidative stress were investigated in serum and thyroid homogenate. Thyroxine (T4) and TSH levels were also evaluated. Results. Quercetin 40 mg/kg/day or Curcumin 30 mg/kg/day administration produced significant modifications: in serum, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased catalase level; in thyroid gland, decreased MDA, increased glutathione (GSH) and catalase levels. Thyroxine and TSH levels were not modified significantly. Conclusions. Quercetin and curcumin protected against oxidative stress by decreasing the lipid peroxidation and increasing the antioxidant protection. Curcumin presented the best effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Endothelial disorders of the veins are considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of primary varicose veins and oxidative stress is implicated in these disorders. With this aim, we investigated the levels of metabolic markers of oxidative stress after creating partial venous obstruction on an experimental animal model. Methods: Chronic venous hypertension was produced by partial ligation of the superficial and common femoral vein in Wistar rats ( 2 groups: group 1- ligation of the superficial femoral vein, n=30 animals,10 animals/lot; group 2 - ligation of the common femoral vein, n=30 animals,10 animals/lot). At specified intervals blood was collected from the retroorbital sinus of the animals. We investigated the levels of malondialdehyde, carbonilated proteins, glutathion, hydrogen donors and thiol radicals in the study groups and compared the results with a control group. Results: There was statistically significant difference between the study groups and the control group concerning the levels of oxidative stress markers. Plasma levels of malondialdehyde and carbonilated proteins were found higher than in control group at each time point for both study groups.Total antioxidant capacity of the blood was found at decreasing levels compared with controls. Conclusions: The current model of induced venous hypertension demonstrates early changes in the oxidative status of study animals not only in the local area but also in the sistemic circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Oxidative stress, the result of the oxidant/antioxidant imbalance, is involved in the pathogenesis of different diseases associated with inflammation. Aims. The study aimed to investigate the effects of orally administered gold nanoparticles phytoreduced with ellagic acid (AuNPs-EA) on oxidative stress in carrageenan-induced paw oedema, in Wistar rats. Methods. Paw oedema and oxidative stress parameters were investigated in rats after intraplantar carrageenan injection (0.2 ml 1% solution). Prior to this, the animals, randomly allocated into four groups, received, for 15 days, vehicle (1% carboxymethyl cellulose –CMC) (group C), 1 mg/kg/day indomethacin (group I), 40 mg/kg/day ellagic acid (group II) or 0.3 mg/kg/day AuNPs-EA (group III). The paw oedema was evaluated through plethysmometry before and at 2, 6 and 24 hours after carrageenan injection and blood samples, paw tissues and kidneys fragments were collected for oxidative stress investigation. Results. AuNPs-EA and indomethacin administration produced significant decreases of the paw oedema, compared to the control group. Lipid peroxidation was reduced significantly by the tested medication in the paw tissues, but it was increased significantly by AuNPs-EA in the kidneys. The antioxidant protection, evaluated through the GSH/GSSG ratio, was amplified significantly in all rats that received AuNPs-EA and indomethacin, in paw tissues and in serum. Ellagic acid provided antioxidant protection only in the serum. In the kidneys, only indomethacin administration increased significantly GSH/GSSG ratio. Conclusions. AuNPs-EA reduced the paw oedema and oxidative stress in inflamed tissue and in serum, in carrageenaninduced inflammation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Carrageenan-induced inflammation implies the release of inflammatory cytokines and also, oxidative stress, with high amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Aims. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a unique dose of chlorogenic acid, orally administered at one hour after a paw inflammation was produced. Methods. The paw edema and oxidative stress parameters in rats that were injected with 0.2 ml carrageenan solution 1% for paw inflammation production were investigated, and after 1 hour they received a single dose of either chlorogenic acid (100 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg) or indomethacin (1 mg/kg), by oral gavage. The paw edema was investigated using the plethysmometer test (at 2, 6 and 24 hours after carrageenan injection) and oxidative stress by spectrophotometry. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels were investigated from blood samples, paw inflamed skin and kidneys. Results. The present study showed that chlorogenic acid (both doses) and indomethacin produced significant decreases of inflamed paw volume, compared to the control group (rats without treatment). Lipid peroxidation was reduced significantly and the antioxidant protection investigated through the GSH/GSSG ratio was increased significantly in all rats that received medication, in all the tested samples: inflamed skin, serum, kidneys. Conclusions. Chlorogenic acid may reduce efficiently oxidative stress and edema if it is administered during the first phase of carrageenan-induced inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Pulmonary diseases associated with inflammation are largely found in humans. The lungs are continuously exposed to oxidative stress, a process that, through the release of reactive oxygen species, leads to tissue damage and to an increase in the initial inflammatory reaction. Therefore, it is necessary to find a therapy that is able to counteract the noxious effects of reactive species and of inflammation. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol with anti-inflammatory effects, having the capacity to limit the production of pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukins and prostaglandins. Quercetin, a flavonoid with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, inhibits phospholipase A2 and the enzymes of lipid peroxidation, reducing the synthesis of leukotrienes. Aims. The antioxidant effects of resveratrol and quercetin were studied in an experimental model of carrageenan-induced pleural inflammation. Methods. The study was performed using male rats, divided into 2 groups, each group containing a further 4 groups (control, administration of carrageenan, resveratrol and carrageenan, and quercetin and carrageenan, respectively). The oxidant/antioxidant balance was evaluated in the serum and in the lung tissue at 4 hours (groups I-IV) and at 24 hours (groups V-VIII). Results. In serum, at 4 and at 24 hours after carrageenan administration, the malondialdehyde levels were decreased significantly by resveratrol and quercetin, and the ceruloplasmin concentration in the rats that were pre-treated with these chemicals was increased significantly, in comparison with the control and carrageenan groups. In lung homogenate, at 4 and at 24 hours, significant decreases of malondialdehyde in the groups that received antioxidants were recorded, compared to unprotected groups; increases of glutathione levels were recorded at 24 hours only in the resveratrol group. Conclusions. In serum, both compounds, resveratrol and quercetin, presented antioxidant effects. In the lungs, at 24 hours, resveratrol had superior antioxidant effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated with natural products have shown good results in lowering the glycated hemoglobin and have an anti-inflamatory effect. The aim of our study is to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of NPs functionalized with S ambucus nigra L. (SN) extract on experimental model of diabetes in rats. Diabetes was induced to 18 Wistar male rats (n = 6) by a single intramuscular injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg body weight − b.w.). SN extract (15 mg/kg b.w.), NPs (0.3 mg/kg b.w.) and vehicle (normal saline) were administered by gavage once a day, every morning, for 2 weeks. Other 18 animals were used as control groups and were treated with the same compounds, at the same time. Afterwards, blood, liver and muscle samples were taken to assess the oxidant/antioxidant status and the liver for the evaluation of metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and 9 activities, COX-2 and NFKB expressions and for immunohistochemistry. Serum glycemia, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) were also measured. The administration of NPs extract increased the muscle and systemic GSH/GSSG ratio in the diabetic group vs. diabetic (p < 0.03) or non-diabetic groups treated with vehicle (p < 0.05) and decreased MDA levels compared to non-diabetic group (p < 0.05). COX-2 expression (p < 0.0001) and proMMP-2 activity (p < 0.05) decreased after pretreatment with NPs in parallel with the reduction of Kupffer cells percent ( < 0.001). No morphological abnormalities were detected in histopathology. NPs present a great potential for further usage as adjuvants in the diabetic therapy due to the increase of antioxidant defence and reduction of MMPs activity and inflammation in liver tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate vitamin E effect upon oxidative stress associated with toluene -2, 4-diisocyanate (TDI)-induced asthma in rats. Methods. The five study groups were: control, vehicle, TDI, vehicle+E, TDI+E. TDI animals were sensitized by nasal administration of TDI 10% (5μl/nostril) between days 1-7 and 15-21. Between days 22-28 groups TDI+E and vehicle+E rats received vitamin E (50 mg/kg, i. v.), and control , vehicle and TDI groups received saline solution. On day 29 the rats were challenged by intranasal application of 5% TDI (5 μl/nostril). On day 30 blood, BALF and lung biopsy were harvested. Oxidative stress tests were malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PC), total thiols (tSH), 1,1-diphenyl-2- picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Results. TDI sensitization increased oxidative stress systemically, but also locally in the respiratory airways and lung tissue. There was an increase of MDA and PC formation associated with a deficiency of the antioxidant defense reflected by DPPH decreases. There were no differences between systemic and local lung concentrations of oxidized molecules. After vitamin E treatment oxidative stress was reduced mostly due to serum, BALF and lung tissue GSH and DPPH increase. Conclusion. The study showed that in rat TDI-induced asthma there was oxidative stress caused by increased ROS production and antioxidants deficiency, and vitamin E reduced ROS production and improved antioxidant defense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is a frequent cause of occupational asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic oxidative stress in experimental exposure to TDI. Methods. An experimental model of mice exposure to TDI was used for 10 days. The study groups (n=12) were: a negative control group with skin sensitization and intranasal challenge, performed with saline; a group with sensitization and challenge with the solvent; a group with sensitization and challenge with TDI; a group with TDI and trolox (20 mg/kg /day ip). On the 11th day, blood was collected by cardiac puncture, and oxidative stress was assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonylated proteins (CP), total thiols (TSH) and serum glutathione (GSH). Results. TDI increased MDA, PC and TSH and reduced GSH. The solvent did not influence any parameter. Trolox reduced PC and increased GSH. Conclusions. Experimental exposure of mice to TDI caused systemic oxidative stress and Trolox lowered the systemic oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. The influence of acute O3 and hypobaric hypoxia exposure on tissue redox reactivity during rest and exercise conditions was studied in the brain, myocardium, lungs and striated muscles. Material and methods. The investigation was performed in 3 groups of white male Wistar rats: group I - control group, sedentary rats under normoxia conditions; group II - sedentary rats exposed to acute combined stress: acute O3 + hypobaric hypoxia; group III - animals exposed to acute combined stress, followed by exercise. Exposure was simulated in the hypobaric chamber for 3 days, 20 hours a day, at 2500 m. Ozone exposure was performed for 3 days, 5 min daily. Group III was trained daily for 3 days under normoxia conditions, by the swimming test. In order to measure the indicators of the oxidant/antioxidant (O/AO) balance, on day 3 tissue samples were taken from the brain, myocardium, lungs and femoral quadriceps muscle. Results. Animals undergoing physical exercise after acute combined stress exposure have a significant increase in oxidative stress (OS) in the lungs compared to controls. In the myocardium and striated muscle, there are OS changes similar to those found in sedentary animals exposed to combined stress. In the brain, there is a significant decrease in OS simultaneously with a significant decrease in AO defense compared to both the control group and the sedentary group exposed to combined stress. Conclusions. Physical exercise performed after acute O3 and hypobaric hypoxia exposure induces significant changes in the O/AO balance in pulmonary, myocardial and brain tissue. Major adaptive changes occur in the lungs, where OS and AO defense increase simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Studies regarding the serum biochemical changes in redox homeostasis determined by chronic immobilization led us to investigate the serum and muscular effects of physical remobilization by exercise on the oxidant/antioxidant balance. Aims. We investigated whether physical exercise preceded by complex stress through repeated immobilization can influence the prooxidant effects of immobilization. Methods. The research was performed in 3 groups of white male Wistar rats: group I - control group, sedentary animals; group II - animals exercise trained for 28 days; group III - animals exposed to anakinetic stress (immobilization) for 3 hours daily and exercise trained for 28 days. The indicators of the oxidant/antioxidant balance were determined in the serum and muscle tissue. The moments included in the study were T1 and T28. Results. The chronic combined intermittent stress program - physical exercise preceded by immobilization (group III) induced, compared to the exercise trained group (group II), a diminution of oxidative stress with a significant decrease in serum malondialdehyde and a significant diminution of antioxidant defense on account of muscle glutathione, with insignificant changes in the other studied indicators, which supports the use of glutathione in antioxidant defense. Conclusions. Daily training for 28 days induces an increase of oxidative stress in the serum and muscles, a decrease of antioxidant defense in the serum and an increase of it in muscles. Daily training preceded by anakinetic stress for 28 days determines a decrease of oxidative stress in the serum and a decrease of antioxidant defense in muscles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Immobilization is a stressful agent used in order to induce experimental laboratory stress. The controversies regarding the effects of carnitine administration on motility and emotivity in sportsmen, determined us to perform experimental studies. Aims. The study evaluated the effects of restraint stress on spontaneous motility and emotivity in carnitine supplemented rats. Methods. The study was made on four groups of male rats, adult (n=10 animals/group) Wistar breed, kept for 3 days in standard laboratory temperature (18-20°C): Group I - control, group II - exposed to anakinetic stress, group III - supplemented with carnitine, group IV - supplemented with carnitine and exposed to anakinetic stress. Spontaneous motility and emotivity was evaluated by Open Field Test. Results. The restraint stress determined significant decreases of the spontaneous motility (movement and rearings) and significant increases of the emotivity (defecations and micturitions). Carnitine supplementation in acute restraint stress exposed animals induces significant spontaneous motility decrease and significant emotivity increase as compared to the control group. Conclusions. Acute anakinetic stress with and without carnitine supplementation induces hypomotility and hiperemotivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Although intensively proposed for medical applications lately, carbon nanotubes still lack effect evaluation after their in vivo administration. Our aim was to assess the in vivo effects over oxidative equillibrium within renal tissue . Material and methods. Single- stand- DNA- single- wall- carbon- nanotube solution (DNA-CNT) was obtained through sonication. Male Wistar rats (180±20 g) were s.c. injected with 1,5 ml of 390 g/L DNA-CNT solutions. Controls were s.c. injected with 1,5 ml serum. In all groups protein carbonyl (PC), hydrogen donors (HD) assessed in renal tissue at 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours after administration. Results. Presence of carbon nanotubes within kidney tissue could not be detected at any of the follow-up intervals, except for the first 3 hours from administration. PC and HD levels presented an inhomogenous evolution. However, marker levels remained unsignifficantly different as compared to controls (p>0.05 for all time points). Conclusion. Subcutaneous injection of DNA-CNT does not induce long term aggregation at kidney site. Nanomaterial does not generate significant effects over oxidative equilibrium within 3-48 hours interval post injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a vitamin-like compound with a direct and indirect antioxidant role, energetic role and with an increase of the immune system. The modifications of oxidant/antioxidant (O/AO) balance in exercise with the oxidative stress (SO) production, determined us to study the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on the leucocytes phagocytic capacity, which through the phagocytic function on the reactive species of oxigen (SRO) production have a favourable role in the antimicrobian defence in the body. Aims. The following were studied: 1. influence of CoQ10 supplementation on the aerobic exercise capacity; 2. influence of exercise and CoQ10 supplement on the leukocytes and phagocytic capacity. Methods. The investigation was carried out in 3 groups of 10 male albino Wistar rats: group I: animals trained to exercise; group II: animals trained to exercise with CoQ10 supplementation; group III: sedentary animals with CoQ10 supplementation. Venous blood samples were taken from the retroorbitar vein on the 1st day, 14th day and 28th day. Leukocytes count and the leukograme (polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocytes: PMNN; monocytes: MO), phagocytic capacity (phagocytic index: FI; phagocytic activity: FA; peroxidase activity: Px) were detected. Results. The training determined significant increases of the aerobic exercise capacity, with or without CoQ10 supplementation. The exercise influence the phagocytic capacity, with the significant decreases of FI on the 14th day and on the 28th day as compared with the 1st day, the significant increases of FA on the 14th day and restoration to the initial values on the 28th day, and without significantly influence on the Px. The exercise and CoQ10 supplementation did not determine significant changes of the counts of leucocytes and PMNN, but produced significant MO increases, with maximum values on the 14th day, as compared with the 1st day; influencing favourably the phagocytic capacity, while supplementation in the sedentary animals determined a significant decrease of FI after 14 days and 28 days, and significant increases of FI and FA after 28 days; Px decreased significantly, as compared with the 1st day. The CoQ10 supplementation in sedentary animals determined the significant decrease of FI after 14 days and 28 days, and increases of FA which are significant after 28 days; Px increased significantly during the exercise, as compared with the 1st day. Conclusions. CoQ10 supplementation determined significant increases of the aerobic exercise capacity, without significant changes of the total leukocytes count; phagocytic capacity increased based on the FI and on the FA, but decreased because of Px. These changes can be attributed to the direct or indirect antioxidant role of the CoQ10 and to its energetic generating effect on the exercise capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Myringosclerosis is a common sequel of ventilation tube treatment of otitis media. Recent studies have established the relationship between reactive oxygen species and myringosclerosis. Objectives. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible effect of topically applied A and C vitamin well know antioxidant agents on prevention of experimentally induced myringosclerosis in rats. Methods. 40 healthy adult Wistar albino rats, weighing approximate 250-300 g, were randomly separated into 4 groups: 1st group control (n=10), nonmyringotomized; 2nd group (n=10) myringotomized unilaterally on the left ear; 3rd group (n=10) myringotomized unilaterally and A vitamin applied to the left ear and 4th group (n=10) myringotomized unilaterally and C vitamin applied to the left ear. The tympanic membranes were collected for biochemical evaluation of parameters of oxidants/antioxidants balance from 1st group and on the 48 hours of the experiment from 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups. Results. Pretreatment with A and C vitamin increases formation of carbonyl proteins and reduces malondialdehyde and antioxidants activities (hydrogen donor ability and sulfhydril groups) in rat tympanic membrane. Conclusion. Topically applied A and C vitamin was found to be no effective in prevention of oxidative stress and development of myringosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep apnea, due to the induced hipoxia, leads to severe sleep disturbances and has negative consequences on the physical and psychological health status. The oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenic mechanism of this syndrome. Natural antioxidant supplementation equilibrates the oxidants/antioxidants balance and reduces the effects of the reactive oxygen species. We used 40 male Wistar rates divides into four equal groups. Two of them (I, II) had been kept in atmospheric air, while the other two (III, IV) had been exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia. Two groups (II, IV) received a daily supplement of polyphenols extracted from grape seeds. After 14 days the spatial learning capacity of all the animals was tested using Morris water maze; then serum and brains samples have been taken in order to asses the parameters of the oxidative stress. We identified an increase in the oxidative stress parameters and a decreased learning ability in the rats exposed to hypoxia. The polyphenols extract improved both the biochemical and the cognitive parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies showed the relationship between oxidative stress and thyroid disorders. Effect of lycopene, the main carotenoid in tomato, was assessed on oxidative stress and on lipid disorders generated by excess in L-Thyroxin in hepatic tissue. Experiments were performed on white, male, Wistar rats. Lipids were extracted with methanol and chloroform, according to the Folch procedure. Fatty acids analysis was performed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Lipid peroxides level was assessed by measuring the production of thiobarbituric reactive substances, according to the method of Buege and Aust. A diet rich in lycopene led to an increase in the fatty acids content, especially in the ratio between unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids, showing its antioxidant effect. Lipid peroxides increased in rats treated with L-Thyroxin, due to the oxidative stress exerts by the thyroid hormone, and decreased in rats fed a diet rich in lycopene. Lycopene supplementation revealed a reduction in lipids susceptibility to oxidative injury due to the L-Thyroxin administration. Carotenoids association to classic treatment of the hyperthyroidism could be recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased oxidative stress has been described previously in models of hyperthyroidism and in human subjects with Basedow disease. In this study, the influence of a diet enriched in soy on reactive oxygen species production and on antioxidant defence in hepatic tissue was explored. Soy products are attractive because of their beneficial effects on chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and type II diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]