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Emami, A, Tofighi, A, Asri-Rezaei, S, and Bazargani-Gilani, B. Effect of short-term coenzyme Q10 supplementation and precooling on serum endogenous antioxidant enzymes of elite swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1431-1439, 2018-This study aimed to investigate the effect of the use of a 2-week precooling strategy and supplementation coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in elite, adolescent swimmers during heavy and regular trainings and recording of freestyle swimming. Thirty-six healthy males (mean ± SD; age: 17.5 ± 1.1 years, body fat content: 14.55 ± 1.75%) were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups of CoQ10 (300 mg·d), precooling (immersion in the water at 18 ± 0.5° C), supplementation with precooling, and control, each with 9 participants. During an 18-session protocol in the morning and evening, participants attended speed and endurance trainings for 5 km every session. A 3-stage blood sampling was conducted before the first recording and before and after the second recording in 800, 200, and 50 m. Repeated measurement and the Bonferroni correction were used for the statistical analyses of the data (α = 0.05). According to the results, there was no significant difference between the mean serum level of SOD, CAT, and GPx in the groups at the first stage of blood sampling (p > 0.05). At the third stage, a significant difference was observed among all groups (p < 0.05). At the second stage, precooling and control groups show a significant increase compared with the supplementation and supplementation with precooling groups (p < 0.05). As an antioxidant essential for adenosine triphosphate synthesis, CoQ10 supplementation prevented adverse changes of antioxidant enzymes during heavy trainings and swimming recording and decreased the serum level, while precooling individually increased serum level of antioxidant enzymes by itself.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), one of the most pervasive and enduring metabolic diseases, has been demonstrated to adversely impact male fertility. Conversely, both exercise training and Chrysin have been identified as potential interventions capable of mitigating the deleterious effects of diabetes on spermatogenesis. Thus, the current study aims to explore the individual and combined influences of Chrysin supplementation and running exercise on oxidative stress and germ cell apoptosis in the testicular tissue of diabetic adult rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the DM was induced by streptozotocin (STZ,50 mg/kg). Rats were divided into control (received STZ solvent), DM-sole, Chrysin-sole (50 mg/kg, daily), moderate-intensity running exercise training (MIRET-sole, warm-up, 5 minutes at 30% of Smax1 (Maximum speed); Moderate intensity exercise, 60 minutes at 60% of Smax1, and recovery, 5 minutes to 30% of Smax1), DM+Chrysin, DM+MIRET, and DM+MIRET+Chrysin. Following 8 weeks, the histopathological changes (Johnson's score, epithelial height, and tubular diameter), testicular malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and the mRNA levels of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic gene Bax was analyzed. Results: Chrysin solely and simultaneous with MIRET could remarkably (P=0.001) improve the DM-induced histopathological damages, increase the testicular SOD and GPx levels, and decline the DM-increased MDA content. Moreover, our results showed that Chrysin solely and more simultaneously with MIRET could significantly (P=0.001) decrease the mRNA expression of Bax and improve the Bcl-2 expression and rebalance the Bax/Bcl-2 balance. Conclusion: Our findings showed that co-administration of Chrysin along with MIRET can significantly ameliorate the DM-induced histopathological, and biochemical impairments and reduce the pro-apoptotic impact of DM on testicular tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Exercise training and supplementation with Ginkgo biloba are used to improve body composition and metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with Ginkgo biloba supplementation on changes in plasma irisin and some inflammatory and stress indices in overweight men. Methods: Following the screening, 40 overweight young men were randomly divided into four groups: placebo, Ginkgo biloba supplement, HIIT, and supplement+HIIT. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before and after eight weeks of HIIT exercise as well as immediately after the aerobic exhaustive test to study the indicators above in the population. Two-way ANOVA was used for inter-group comparisons, and Tukey's post hoc test was used to determine the difference between the groups. Results: The results showed that after eight weeks of intervention with HIIT and Ginkgo biloba supplementation, GPx, SOD, CAT, and irisin values increased significantly in all three groups. TAC values increased only in the supplement and exercise + supplement groups. Also, a significant decrease was observed in the values of MDA, IL-6, and hs-CRP in all three groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of HIIT combined with Ginkgo biloba supplementation can lead to combating the destructive effects resulting from exhaustive activity by increasing plasma irisin and anti-inflammatory effects and improving oxidative stress. Therefore, it seems that combining HIIT with this supplement can have significant protective effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of crocin and treadmill exercise on oxidative stress, sperm parameters, and testis structure in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 64 diabetic rats induced by a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of STZ (50 mg/kg) were assigned to the following groups (n=8/each): healthy control group, diabetic control group, diabetic group treated daily with crocin at a dose of 50 mg/kg, and one healthy group receiving daily crocin at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 56 days. Some groups such as the controls and diabetics exercised with treadmill, as well as the healthy and diabetic groups performed daily exercise with treadmill and crocin. After crocin treatment, all rats were anesthetized, their blood samples were taken, and the serum level of insulin, glucose, and oxidative stress markers were measured. Finally, the testicles and epididymis were removed and sperm parameters were assessed. Results: Treatment of diabetic rats with crocin along with treadmill exercise significantly replaced the testicular tissue damage, sperm parameters, glucose, and insulin plasma levels (P = 0.001). In diabetic rats, moreover, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes activity were reduced in the testicular tissue (P = 0.001). Crocin administration (50 mg/kg BW) and exercise significantly improved these parameters (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results confirm the antioxidant role of crocin and the positive role of treadmill exercise in improving the sperm parameters and testicular oxidative damage caused by diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Bisphenol A (BPA) is the monometer of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. This study was done to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercises on oxidative stress indices in heart tissue of male Wistar rats after poisoning with Bisphenol A. Methods: In this experimental study, 20 adult male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups including control, aerobic exercise, BPA and BPA + aerobic exercise. Animals in control and aerobic exercise groups were receieved olive oil and the BPA (100 μg/kg) intraperitoneally, respectively. Animals in BPA + aerobic training group were treated with BPA (100 μg/kg) intraperitoneally for 30 days. Exercise program consisted of 25-64 minutes of running with 57-75% oxygen consumption, 5 sessions per week for two months. Indicators of oxidative stress in heart tissue including Gpx, SOD, TAC, MDA, CAT and AOPP were evaluated. Results: BPA intoxication induced a significant increase in the activity of SOD, GPX enzymes, AOPP and MDA levels and reduction in CAT enzyme activity and TAC level in compared to control group (P<0.05). While aerobic exercise could diminish the oxidative stress due to BPA intoxication. Aerobic exercise reduced the activity of the GPX, SOD and increased catalase activity in rats with BPA intoxication (P<0.05). Also, level of MDA and AOPP significantly reduced in in aerobic exercise group in comparison with with BPA intoxication (P<0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise activity has moderating effects on BPA intoxication in cardiac oxidative stress. Aerobic exercise can increase the amount of antioxidant enzymes that play an important role in modulating oxidative stress induced by BPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strenuous physical exercise and hyperthermia may paradoxically induce oxidative stress and adverse effects on myocardial function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 14-d coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation and pre-cooling on serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac Troponin I (cTnI), myoglobin (Mb), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and CoQ10 concentration in elite swimmers. In total, thirty-six healthy males (mean age 17 (sd 1) years) were randomly selected and divided into four groups of supplementation, supplementation with pre-cooling, pre-cooling and control. During an eighteen-session protocol in the morning and evening, subjects attended speed and endurance swimming training sessions for 5 km in each session. Blood sampling was done before (two stages) and after (two stages) administration of CoQ10 and pre-cooling. ANCOVA and repeated measurement tests with Bonferroni post hoc test were used for the statistical analysis of the data. There was no significant statistical difference among groups for the levels of CK-MB, cTnI, Mb, LD, TAC, LPO and CoQ10 at the presampling (stages 1 and 2) (P>0·05). However, pre-cooling and control groups show a significant increase in the levels of CK-MB, cTnI, Mb, LD and LPO compared with the supplementation and supplementation with pre-cooling groups in the post-sampling (stages 1 and 2) (P<0·05), except for the TAC and CoQ10. Consequently, CoQ10 supplementation prevents adverse changes of myocardial damage and oxidative stress during swimming competition phase. Meanwhile, the pre-cooling strategy individually has no desired effect on the levels of CK-MB, cTnI, Mb, LD, LPO, TAC and CoQ10. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: Chronic anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) consumption increases incidence of cardiovascular abnormalities in athletes and mechanisms underlying those abnormalities continue to be investigated. This study examines whether nandrolone consumption induced cardiac and coronary artery wall abnormalities via oxidative stress. It was also designed to determine whether enforced swimming augmented possible cardiotoxic effects of nandrolone in rat heart. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control, nandrolone, and nandrolone with enforced swimming. Nandrolone group received 10 mg/kg body weight nandrolone 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Nandrolone group with enforced swimming received the same amount of nandrolone and was forced to swim with excess weight of 20% body weight. Results: After 6 weeks of treatment, results indicated proliferation of heart muscle and coronary smooth muscle cells and lipid peroxidation; significant rise in levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, homocysteine (Hcy), apolipoprotein B, low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol, as well as severe fibrosis in heart tissue and around coronary arteries of nandrolone and nandrolone with enforced swimming groups compared with control group. Conclusion: These findings strongly support idea that nandrolone intake by sedentary rats and exercised rats induced heart abnormality mediated by oxidative stress, which was manifest in increased lipid peroxidation, Hcy, and 8-OHdG in heart tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The current research was designed to analyze the effect of moderate-intensity exercise training (MEXT), solely and simultaneous with insulin, on the network between oxidative stress and Hsp70 and Hsp90 chaperones after experimental type I diabetes (DM) induction in rats. Materials and Methods: In the experimental study, 36 mature Wistar rats were assigned into control and experimental type I DM-induced groups, and then the diabetic animals were categorized to sedentary type I DM-induced (SDM), exercise training-sole without DM (E), exercise training DM-induced (EDM), insulin-treated sedentary DM-induced (ISDM), and exercise training insulin-treated DM-induced (EIDM) groups. After 6 weeks, Johnson’s score was evaluated to analyze the spermatogenesis ratio. Results: The Hsp70 and Hsp90 expression levels, testicular total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein peroxidation ratio, testicular DNA fragmentation ratio, and mRNA damage were investigated. The animals in EDM and EIDM groups (solely and simultaneously) represented a significant (P<0.05) improvement in Johnson’s score, spermatogenesis, and TAC ratios versus SDM animals. Moreover, the DM-induced DNA and mRNA damage and protein peroxidation ratio were significantly (P<0.05) recovered in EDM and ISDM groups, which was more remarkable in the EIDM group. The EDM and EIDM groups exhibited significant (P<0.05) increment in Hsp70 and Hsp90 expression levels versus the control and SEDT1 animals. However, the EIDM group exhibited no significant changes compared to the control animals. Conclusion: The EX could ameliorate the EDT1-induced detrimental impact by up-regulating Hsp70 and Hsp90 expressions. Meanwhile, it exerts potentially more effective impact, when it is considered simultaneously with insulin therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]