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Measles has been a significant public health concern in Pakistan, especially in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, where sporadic and silent epidemics continue to challenge existing control measures. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and investigate the molecular epidemiology of the measles virus (MeV) in KPK and explore the vaccination status among the suspected individuals. A cross-sectional study was conducted between February and October 2021. A total of 336 suspected measles cases from the study population were analyzed for IgM antibodies using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Throat swabs were randomly collected from a subset of positive cases for molecular analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of MeV isolates was performed using the neighbor-joining method. The vaccination status of individuals was also recorded. Among the suspected participants, 61.0% (205/336) were ELISA positive for IgM antibodies, with a higher prevalence in males (64.17%) compared to females (57.04%). The majority of cases (36.0%) were observed in infants and toddlers, consistent with previous reports. The majority of IgM-positive cases (71.7%) had not received any dose of measles vaccine, highlighting gaps in vaccine coverage and the need for improved immunization programs. Genetic analysis revealed that all MeV isolates belonged to the B3 genotype, with minor genetic variations from previously reported variants in the region. This study provides valuable insights into the genetic epidemiology of the MeV in KPK, Pakistan. The high incidence of measles infection among unvaccinated individuals highlights the urgency of raising awareness about vaccine importance and strengthening routine immunization programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study used secondary data of PSLM to collect the information about the household willingness to pay to improve solid waste management and Various factors that are affecting the household willingness to pay in Pakistan. With a growing population solid waste management is a widespread problem in underdeveloped countries. The reason behind this issue is that lack of unawareness of peoples and not used of proper policies to control such solid waste management create many problems for upcoming years. This study used OLR model for data analysis and determine the various factors that are affecting the household willingness to pay for improved solid waste management. The results of this study indicate that occupancy status, time to reach nearest public bin and nearest public bins are emptied affect positively and higher significantly. Furthermore the results indicate that household waste been collected has negative coefficients and higher significantly at the 1 % level of confidence. The study also suggested some important policy recommendations that improve the household willingness to pay and various factors that increase awareness among households for improved solid waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Islamic Banking development is most major to consider because of its contribution to economic development while keeping ourselves on the Islamic lines. It is an undeniable reality that Islamic financial institutions are ever-increasing even the commercial banks with Islamic windows over the globe. This paper determines to stretch the correct significance of growth by taking on the Islamic perspective on the banking system. This research contemplates the attitude of the commercial banks toward Islamic Banking concerning improving the economic development within an Islamic system. It was established that as more banks are opening the Islamic windows it had a constructive influence on economic development. The scholars are of the view that Islamic Banking is more appropriate for economic growth. These results also specify that enlightening the Islamic Banking infrastructure in Pakistan may come up with an advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study was carried out during 2012-13 in the Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan to estimate the quercetin in peels and pulps of pumpkin, turnip, potato, full ripe radish pod, unripe radish pod, bitter gourd, sweet potato, purple skin sweet potato, turmeric, green chilli, red chilli and unripe pumpkin. The quercetin concentrations of these vegetables were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest quercetin concentration (482 ng/g) was found in potato pulps and the lowest quercetin concentration (24.32 ng/g) was determined in pumpkin pulps. No quercetin concentrations were detected in pulps and peels of unripe pumpkin and turmeric. The potatos peels also contained the maximum concentration (247.2 ng/g) of quercetin, while peels of sweet potato recorded the lowest concentration (52.7 ng/g) of quercetin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keeping the literature available on human personality traits and their impact on human behaviors (for example decision making), this study was designed. The primary aim of the study was to explore personality traits and decision making styles among young adults. Furthermore it was also aimed to investigate if there is any relationship between above said phenomena and if there is any gender differences exists. Moreover this study was designed to examine the personality traits as a predictor of decision making styles among young adults. The sample of study comprised of 402 university students including both male (n= 178, 44%) and female (n=224, 56%). After taking informed consent the data was collected through convenient sampling. Big Five Inventory (BFI) developed by John & Srivastava, 1999 and Decision Making Style Inventory by Scott & Bruce, 1995 were used as an instruments to measure personality and decision making styles respectively. The results revealed that conscientiousness leads to rational decision making style (P=0.014). Females showed higher decision making capability than males (P=0.003). Hostel resident students were more conscientious than non-hostel residents (P=0.034). Urban students were more rational in decision making than rural students (P=0.047). Students from nuclear family type showed both decision making styles i.e. rational and intuitive than of joint family system (P=0.05). It was concluded that conscientious people make rational decisions and females tend to have good decision making capability as compared to males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to get an insight into the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the people of Pakistan regarding organ donation (OD), and to understand the various factors that influence these. Systematic sampling was used to generate a sample size of 357. Data collection was carried out via a questionnaire in the outpatient units of our hospital. All kinds of medical and surgical patients were interviewed. Knowledge of ODs that occur in Pakistan and the rest of the world was found to be 65.5 and 72.8%, respectively. The percentage of those willing to donate their organ/s was 59.9%. Knowledge of OD was significantly associated with education and socioeconomic status. Willingness to donate had a significant association with gender. It also had a moderate association with education and socioeconomic status. Awareness of OD and the knowledge that OD can save lives was also significantly associated with the willingness to donate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]