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The current article scrutinizes the interplay amid financial development, technological innovation, foreign direct investment (FDI), GDP growth, and their collective impact on the environment within the context of Pakistan. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology, the study spans the time frame of 1990 to 2021. Notably, the research simultaneously employs three distinct proxies for measuring financial development and uncovers a consistent negative correlation between each proxy and environment. Moreover, the findings underscore the adverse environmental repercussions of foreign direct investment and economic expansion. In contrast, the influence of technological innovation exhibits a contrasting trend, displaying a negative relationship with environmental degradation. This study contributes to a nuanced understanding of the intricate relationships between economic factors and environmental health in Pakistan, offering insights that could inform future policy decisions in pursuit of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of endogenous growth states that economic growth is caused by variables within the economy rather than external ones. This study's major goal is to demonstrate the link between education, human capital, and endogenous growth in Pakistan. For the period 1990-2021, time series data is used. The stationary is confirmed using the augmented dickey fuller (ADF) method. In this research, the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model (NARDL) technique is employed for the empirical analysis. Gross domestic product (GDP), education enrolment, human capital, inflation, trade, and gross fixed capital formation are the factors examined in this study. In the current research, gross domestic product, education enrollment, and human capital are dependent variables, while inflation, trade, gross fixed capital formation and education enrollment are independent variables. Inflation shows an inverse relationship with the gross domestic product, while trade and education enrollment show a positive relationship with the gross domestic product. Gross fixed capital formation shows an inverse relationship with human capital, while education enrollment and inflation also show a negative relationship with human capital. Gross fixed capital formation and trade show a positive impact on education enrollment, while inflation shows a negative impact on education enrollment. It is recommended that the government should decrease inflation to increase gross domestic product (GDP). This study suggests that education enrollment (EDUENROLL), trade (TRADE), and gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) also increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study explores the association of human capital, foreign direct investment, economic growth and population with the environment in Pakistan. Our study adopted the time series econometric estimation methodology autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) over 1980-2019. Interestingly our study results show that increase in human capital will clean the environment in both the short and long run. The study also validates the pollution haven hypothesis by proving the positive link of foreign direct investment with the ecological footprint. The findings also corroborate the existence of the long-run linkage of economic growth with the environment. The study suggests that policymakers and government officials should develop and promote the education sector that eventually mitigates environmental degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrates the dynamic relation of corruption, misery index and total factor productivity with the crime rate in Pakistan. To estimate the model, we adopted the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) procedure over the period of 1980 to 2018. We find that the corruption and misery index appear to have led to a higher crime rate in Pakistan. Thus, the government needs to encompass all the socioeconomic factors along with the corruption and misery index that are responsible for the crime and adopt the crime reduction policies and strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the linkages between poverty and labor force participation in the context of Pakistan. Poverty alleviation has been one of the major issues throughout the societies. Different strategies have been adopted in Pakistan to improve the country condition and earning capacity, provision of social safety nets for the poor. The study is based on the secondary source of data mainly collected from Pakistan Economic Survey and Federal Bureau of Statistics. The determinants of poverty are estimates by using ARDL approach. The findings of the study show that employment is the major source of poverty alleviation and health expenditures and inflation also contribute significantly. It is suggested that more jobs for the skilled population must be created in order to curtail poverty in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informal sector employment plays very important role in employment creation and income generation in the economy. The present study identifies personal and socio-economic factors which determine casual employment by using primary data source. Logistic Regression technique is used in this analysis. The main conclusion of the study is that marital status, education, household size, family background significantly affected the casual employment in Southern Punjab (Pakistan). The study results suggest for more employment opportunities creation in urban informal sector in Southern Punjab (Pakistan). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the impact of health on economic growth. Low economic growth is an important issue for underdeveloped countries. Health conditions are miserable in poor countries. We have estimated that how health related factors influence the economic performance of the Pakistani economy. The secondary source of data covering the time series period 1975 to 2010 is employed. We have used the auto regressive distributed lags method (ARDL) to estimate the economic growth. Different variables are used such as gross fixed capital formation, employed labor force, exchange rate, inflation rate, total number of beds in hospitals, health expenditures, total number of dispensaries and total number of registered doctors. The exchange rate has negative effect on economic growth while all other variables are positively related to economic growth. The study concludes that better health facilities contribute more in economic growth and suggest that government should provide good health facilities by increasing the share of health expenditure in budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for Pakistan based on annual data for the period of 1972-2012. The demand for energy is increasing rapidly in the globalizing world. Most of the countries are facing shortage of energy and consequently it is severely affecting the economic growth. In Pakistan, there is insufficient investment in the energy sector to the extent that majority of commercial energy infrastructure is still underdeveloped. There are many flaws in the demand side and supply side especially relating to payments. Consequently a huge amount is disbursed on account of circular debit in Pakistan. The empirical results state that the consumption of electricity is significantly stimulating economic growth among other sources of energy. The oil consumption is also affecting economic growth adversely because of its high volume of import. The variable of trade openness has also positive impact on economic growth in the period. The study has important policy implication for Pakistan's economy that there should be shift from expensive imported fuel (oil) to indigenously available alternative fuel (gas or coal) in order to reduce import burden and consequently current account balance. The government should make short run as well as long run plans of low-priced energy generation domestically to meet the needs of high energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the role of human capital formation in economic growth in Pakistan by using the secondary data for the period of 1972- 73 to 2010-11. The results implied that education enrollment (proxy for human capital), health and physical capital are important to boost the economic growth in Pakistan. Human capital, fixed capital and employed labor force affect the GDP and result in unidirectional and non-unidirectional causality. After estimating the model, we concluded that education enrollment index, gross fixed capital formation and Gini coefficient have positive and significant impact on gross domestic product, while head count ratio, infant mortality rate, CPI inflation and investment growth rate have negative and significant impact on gross domestic product in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major purpose of this study is to re-examine the existence of inflation growth relationship in the economy of Pakistan and to analyze empirically the impact of inflation on GDP growth of the economy. It is, further, to investigate whether it encourages or hurts the economic growth in a uniform way or it behaves differently under different levels. Annual time-series data for the period 1972-73 to 2009-10 have been taken and analysis is made by employing the method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). A negative and significant inflation growth relationship has been found to be existed in the economy of Pakistan. The results of the study show that prevailing inflation is harmful to the GDP growth of the economy after a certain threshold level. On the basis of the descriptive and econometric analysis, we may suggest to the policy makers and the State Bank of Pakistan to restrict the inflation below the 7 percent level and to keep it stable. So that it may exert its positive effects on economic growth of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]