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The present study aimed to assess interpersonal gratitude within the context of the Systemic Transactional Model (STM) which viewed stress and coping as a dyadic process. This model posited that the impacts of individuals' stress crossover to the partner causing him/her stress too. Both partners use various positive and negative coping strategies collectively called dyadic coping (DC). Based on the STM, a new form of gratitude i.e., Dyadic Coping Based Gratitude (DC-G) has been defined as an expression of gratitude on the part of the stressed partner in response to the problem-focused and emotion-focused positive DC behaviors of the non-stressed partner in the times of stress. To operationally define the DC-G, Dyadic Coping Based Gratitude Questionnaire (DC-GQ) has been developed that contains 12 items covering two subscales; emotion-focused DC-based gratitude (six items) and problem-focused DC-based gratitude (six items). For the empirical evaluation of DC-GQ, data were collected from the purposively drawn 600 Pakistani married adults (300 men & 300 women) with the men's age (M = 41.59, SD = 10.96) and women's age (M = 37.16, SD = 9.55) who had been in the marital relationship for at least two years. Results demonstrated the factor structure of the DC-GQ to be consistent with the theoretical framework of the STM and DC-GQ is a reliable and valid measure for use with Pakistani married adults. Implications of the study have been discussed within the cultural context of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For married individuals living in Pakistan, stress within their relationship has emerged as a major source of marital conflicts and even relationship dissolution. However, research based on the systemic transactional model of dyadic coping (DC) suggests partners' use of coping strategies may help in buffering these devastating effects of stress. The original German version of the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI) is a widely used self-report measure that has been translated in various languages, however, has not been validated for use with individuals living in Pakistan who speak Urdu. The purpose of the present study was to translate and validate the DCI into Urdu for use with married individuals living in Pakistan. Data were collected from 538 Pakistani married adults. Findings supported the original factor structure of the German and English version of the DCI. As such, results supported the 33-items DCI-Urdu as a valid and reliable measure to assess DC behaviors in Pakistani married individuals. Further, convergent and discriminant validity and measurement invariance (MI) across gender for the DCI-Urdu were consistent with that of DCI-English. A validated measure of the DCI in Urdu provides new directions for researchers and clinicians working with couples in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional study addressed the question of how peer rejection sensitivity may contribute to the relationship between teacher rejection sensitivity and psychological maladjustment among adolescents. Data were collected through Urdu version of Children Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (CRSQ; Shujja et al., 2017) and Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ; Naz & Kausar, 2013) from the conveniently drawn sample including boys (n =140) and girls (n = 160) of 14-18 years. Moderation analysis was carried out and results revealed that peers' angry reaction to ambiguously intentioned rejection positively moderated the relationship between teachers' angry reaction to ambiguously intentioned rejection and psychological maladjustment. It means that that the nature of relationship between teachers' angry reaction to ambiguously intentioned rejection and psychological maladjustment becomes positive when peers' angry reaction to ambiguously intentioned rejection is low. Partially inconsistent with the existing literature, girls were high on peer and teacher rejection sensitivity but low on psychological maladjustment compared to boys. Findings were discussed within indigenous perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated relationship between social competence and academic achievement in high and low achievers children. Sample comprised 204 children; 107 high achievers and 97 low achievers from 4th to 8th grades with age ranged of 9 to 13 years. Children's percentage of marks obtained in their final examination of pervious grades was taken as indicator of academic achievement which was taken from school's records. An indigenously developed Social Competence Scale for Children (SCSC) and demographic form were used. Data was collected in small groups of 10-15 students. Results showed that social competence and school systems (public vs private) were significant predictors of academic achievement. High achievers and low achievers showed significant differences on overall social competence. MANOVA showed significant effect of gender for social competence and school types on GPA. Children from government schools were score higher on social competence than children of private schools but lower in overall academic achievement. Both boys and girls of high achievers' group have significant differences on social competence with low achievers' group. Moreover, high achievers and low achievers showed significant difference on social skills, obedience, and antisocial behaviors. The results were discussed in the light of Pakistani cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]