Search

To provide optimal care in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, involvement of palliative medicine and nutritional support is recommended. Advances in endoscopy have resulted in robust options for biliary and gastrointestinal stenting for relief of obstruction. Notwithstanding, surgical hepaticojejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy remain incontrovertible considerations for biliary obstruction and gastric outlet obstruction, respectively. For PDAC-associated pain, opioid therapy continues to be the mainstay. However, refractory pain may be treated with interventional procedures such as celiac or splanchnic nerve blocks or neurolysis. In patients with PDAC, enteral nutrition can be further complicated by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which should be treated with oral pancreatic enzyme supplementation., Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Despite overall advances in cancer therapy, patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma continue to have a poor prognosis. While adjuvant therapy is still considered standard, there is mounting evidence that neoadjuvant therapy confers similar benefits in patients with locally advanced disease. The primary measures of response are radiographic, biochemical, margin status, and pathologic. Given overall low response rates and the need for new treatment strategies, standard metrics remain important to the investigation of new systemic agents., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)