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Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been shown to adversely affect human reproduction. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men and its correlation with semen parameters and reproductive outcomes., Methods: Semen samples and penile swabs were collected from potential sperm donors (SD, n = 97) and male partners of infertile couples (IM, n = 328). The presence of HPV DNA in semen samples and penile swabs was analyzed. Associations between hrHPV positive status and fertility outcomes as well as socio-behavioral and health characteristics were evaluated using the R software package., Results: High-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes were detected in 28.9% of SD and 35.1% of IM (P = 0.312). Penile swabs were more frequently positive for hrHPV genotypes than semen samples in both IM (32.3% vs. 11.9%, P < 0.001) and SD (26.8% vs. 6.2%, P = 0.006). Men with hrHPV positive semen samples had lower semen volume (median volume 2.5 ml vs. 3 ml, P = 0.009), sperm concentration (median concentration 16 × 10 6 /ml vs. 31 × 10 6 /ml, P = 0.009) and total sperm count (median count 46 × 10 6 vs. 82 × 10 6 , P = 0.009) than men with hrHPV negative samples. No association was identified between penile hrHPV status and semen parameters., Conclusions: Our findings indicate that penile HPV infection is common in both potential sperm donors and men from infertile couples. Although HPV positivity is higher in penile swabs, only HPV infection in semen samples affects sperm parameters. However, there was no association between hrHPV positivity in semen and fertility outcomes including abortion rate., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Background: Data about the genotype-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in the Czech Republic is limited. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and concordance of genotype-specific HPV infection detected in semen samples, penile swabs and cervical swabs from non-vaccinated heterosexual couples without HPV-associated disease., Methods: Semen samples and penile swabs were collected from male partners and cervical swabs were collected from female partners of heterosexual couples treated for infertility (n = 195). Presence of HPV DNA in semen samples and cervical swabs was analyzed using the cobas ® HPV Test and PapilloCheck ® . Only the PapilloCheck ® test was used to detect HPV in penile swabs. The genotype-specific prevalence and concordance of HPV infection not targeted by vaccine were evaluated using Fisher exact test., Results: Both partners were infected with any HPV type in 13.8% (27/195) of couples and, of these couples, 55.6% (15/27) harbored at least one mutual genotype. High-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes were detected in 12.3% (24/195) of semen samples, 31.3% (61/195) of penile swabs, and 19.5% (38/195) of cervical swabs (P < 0.001). The most prevalent hrHPV genotype were HPV53 (2.56%; 5/195) in semen samples, HPV16 (6.67%, 13/195) in penile swabs and HPV39 (3.59%, 7/195) in cervical swabs. Low-risk (lrHPV) genotypes were detected in 5.13% (10/195) of semen samples, 15.9% (31/195) of penile swabs, and 4.10% (8/195) of cervical swabs (P < 0.001). Male sexual partners of HPV-positive women were more likely to be infected with at least one of the same HPV types than female sexual partners of HPV-positive men (34.9% vs. 17.9%, P = 0.055)., Conclusions: This study showed that the detection of HPV infection differ by anatomic site and gender. Regardless the anatomic site, high prevalence of HPV genital infection was found in both Czech men and women.

High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is a cause of cervical cancer development. The addition of hrHPV testing to cervical cancer screening and monitoring of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia treatment improves the efficacy of screening and treatment, respectively. Self-sampling for hrHPV testing seems a promising tool for increasing patient participation in cervical cancer screening. In this project, 1198 cervical swabs obtained by physicians and 176 cervicovaginal swabs obtained by self-sampling (not collected in parallel) were analyzed for the presence of 14 hrHPV genotypes using three commercially available assays in comparison. HPV DNA was detected in 21.2% of all samples (21% of cervical swabs and 22.7% of cervicovaginal swabs). The cobas 4800 HPV Test was the most sensitive (0.983) and specific (0.992) for hrHPV detection overall. The PapilloCheck HPV-Screening and LMNX Genotyping Kit HPV GP had comparable specificity with that of the cobas (0.989 and 0.955, respectively), but lesser sensitivity (0.897 and 0.909, respectively). In physician-obtained cervical swabs, the cobas showed the highest sensitivity and specificity (0.980 and 0.994, respectively) for hrHPV detection, whereas in cervicovaginal swabs, the cobas had the highest sensitivity (1.00), but the PapilloCheck had the highest specificity (0.993). In conclusion, all of the detection methods evaluated were highly sensitive and specific for hrHPV detection from both clinician-collected cervical swabs and self-sampled cervicovaginal swabs., (Copyright © 2018 American Society for Investigative Pathology and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)